ASTM F2876-2010(2015) Standard Practice for Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine Applications《海洋应用中危险位置使用.pdf
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1、Designation: F2876 10 (Reapproved 2015) An American National StandardStandard Practice forThermal Rating and Installation of Internal CombustionEngine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in MarineApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2876; the number immediately follo
2、wing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice cov
3、ers the method of testing, rating andinstallation of internal combustion engine packages for use inhazardous areas in marine applications. The thermal rating ofthe engine is determined by the actual readings of engine andexhaust system temperatures within hazardous areas, as de-fined by references i
4、n 2.2 and 2.3of this practice, or asdesignated by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. Thegoal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, andprovide additional installation recommendations, in order toreduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may bepresent within the
5、 hazardous areas of marine vessels.1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designedand constructed in conformance with the requirements of 3.1.2,is considered.1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric)form, along with the standard (English) system equivalentplaced in pa
6、rentheses, for example, 20C (68F).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita
7、tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F683 Practice for Selection and Application of ThermalInsulation for Piping and Machinery2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 70 The National Electric Code (NEC), 20082.3 IEC Standards:4IEC 60092 Electrical installations in shipsPart 502:Tankers-Spec
8、ial features2.4 CFR:5CFR 46 United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 46,Shipping2.5 EN Standards:4EN 1834-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines.Safety requirements for design and construction of en-gines for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 h
9、azardous locationarea in which an explosive gasatmosphere is or may be expected to be present, in quantitiessuch as to require special precautions for the construction,installation and use of electrical apparatus and other potentialheat sources. These areas are defined by the authority havingjurisdi
10、ction, or in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC) Articles500, 501 and 504; or NEC Articles 500 and 505; or IEC60092-502, or a combination thereof.3.1.2 marine enginea compression-ignition engine de-signed and constructed for operation in the marineenvironment, regardless of horsepower, to the applicable s
11、tan-dards or rules of a recognized classification society in Title 46,Code of Federal Regulations, Part 8, or a comparable enginedesign and construction standard.3.1.3 ignitable mixture a mixture of gas, such as naturalgas, or similar volatile hydrocarbon gas with normal air, thatwill propagate flam
12、e or explode when exposed to an ignitionsource.3.1.4 ignition temperature(explosive atmosphere)thelowest temperature at which an ignitable mixture may beignited.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
13、ee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2876 10.DOI:10.1520/F2876-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
14、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from American National Standards
15、 Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 maximum surface temperaturethe highest tempera-ture attained under the most severe operating conditions by anyequipment part or surface capable of igniting an ignitablemixture.4. Summary of Practice4.1 While there have been great imp
17、rovements made in thesafety of electrical and electronic equipment utilized in haz-ardous locations, there has been little development concerningreducing the hazards associated with high temperature surfacesof internal combustion engines operating in the same hazard-ous locations. Several factors ha
18、ve significantly increased thetemperature of hot surfaces and exhaust gases of internalcombustion engines. Some of these factors are performancerelated, while others have resulted from compliance with newenvironmental standards.4.2 This practice provides guidance for the temperaturerating of marine
19、internal combustion engines based on thesurface temperature exposures within a hazardous location inthe marine environment.5. General Requirements5.1 The application of this practice will help reduce the riskof fire, or explosions, caused by ignitable gas mixtures comingin contact with the heated su
20、rfaces and hot exhaust gasesgenerated by compression ignition (diesel) engines used in, ornear, hazardous locations.5.2 Marine Engine Design and Construction Requirements:5.2.1 Special consideration should be given to engine ac-cessories such as pumps, fans, and starter motors such that theyare cons
21、tructed of suitable materials and installed in ways thatwill minimize friction, heat and sparking.5.2.2 High pressure fuel piping (greater than 100 bar, or1450 psi) installed between fuel pumps and injectors, shall bedouble jacketed in order to reduce the risk of fuel spray comingin contact with hot
22、 surfaces.5.2.3 Marine Engines and engine components shall beproperly bonded and grounded to the hull.5.2.4 The use of materials known to create, or store, staticelectricity shall be avoided.5.2.5 Fans and fans blades shall be constructed ofconductive, non-sparking materials.5.2.6 Drive belts shall
23、be conductive and the pulleys, shaftsand driving equipment shall be grounded.5.2.7 For sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosuresspecial considerations should be given to the use of lock outsthat will prevent the engine from starting when protectiveguards, insulated covers, or other attachments
24、 necessary tomaintain temperature control, are removed.5.2.8 Sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosures shallbe designed to dampen the pressure of an internal explosionand shall be protected against over pressurization.5.2.9 Air ducts and exhaust gas piping to and from non-hazardous locations s
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