1、Designation: F2881 11An American National StandardStandard Specification for12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm Polypropylene (PP) Dual WallPipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm SewerApplications11This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2881; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements
3、 and test methodsfor dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominalinside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use fornonpressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings p
4、roduced inaccordance with this specification shall be installed in compli-ance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outerwall (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to
5、 be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat per
6、tainsonly to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the appl
7、icability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austen-itic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD618 Practice for Con
8、ditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1238
9、 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practi
10、ce for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applica-tionsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe an
11、d Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flex-ural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by
12、Differential Scanning CalorimetryD4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extru-sion MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4389 Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics WovenFrom RovingsD6992 Test Meth
13、od for Accelerated Tensile Creep andCreep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped IsothermalMethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is
14、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F288111.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
15、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic Pipe2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, S
16、ection 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Speci-fications Section 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel LinersM288 Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications2.3 Federal/Military Standards:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1
17、 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpolypropylene is PP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 dual wall, nIn this case, the dual pipe wall constr
18、uc-tion provides an interior wall in the waterway and includesribs, corrugations, or other shapes, which can be either solid orhollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical deforma-tion.3.4 silt-tight joint, nJoint that prevents the passage of siltor soil, does not restrict water passage.3.5
19、 water-tight joint, nJoint that retrains the passage ofwater to not exceed a specified limit.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately describe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 D
20、iameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Joint requirements4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe and Fabricated
21、 FittingsPolypropyleneCompoundsPolypropylene compounds used in the manufac-ture of the dual wall pipe and fittings shall have the minimumproperties as shown in Table 1. Polypropylene compoundsshall be comprised of the base unfilled copolymer polypropy-lene virgin resin and all additives, colorants,
22、UV inhibitors andstabilizers. Conditioning, sampling, preparation and testing ofmolded specimens shall be in accordance with the require-ments in Specification D4101. Compounds shall be tested andvalidated on an annual basis or for any new formulations.NOTE 1Stress-cracking has not been shown to be
23、a concern withpolypropylene resins, so no slow-crack growth test protocol has beendeveloped for assessing it.5.2 Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and Fabri-cated FittingsThe pipe shall be colored or black. Blackpolypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 3.0percent carbon black wh
24、en tested in accordance with theprocedures in Test Method D4218. Colored polypropylenecompounds shall be protected from Ultraviolet (UV) degrada-tion with UV stabilizers.NOTE 2Pipe users should consult with the pipe manufacturer aboutthe outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration.5.3 R
25、ework Plastic Clean polypropylene rework plastic,generated from the manufacturers own production of the3Available from Available from American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washing-ton, DC 20001, http:/www.transportation.org.4Av
26、ailable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.FIG. 1TABLE 1 Polypropylene Compound PropertiesProperty ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum ValueMelt Flow Rate D1238 g/10 min 0.
27、25 at 230C 1.50 at 230CDensity D792, D1505 lb/in3 (g/cm3) 0.0325 (0.900) 0.0343 (0.950)Tensile Strength at Yield D638 psi (N/mm2) 3,500 (24) 5,000 (34)Elongation at Yield D638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25)Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D790 Procedure B psi (N/mm2) 175,000 (1,200) 325,000 (2,250)IZOD Impact Stre
28、ngth (73F (23C) D256 ft-lb/in2(kJ/m2) 23.8 (50) No BreakOxidative-Induction Time (392F (200C) D3895 min 25 200F2881 112product and having the same minimum physical properties,may be used by the manufacturer, provided that the pipeproduced meets all the requirements of this specification.5.4 Elastome
29、ric Seal MaterialsElastomeric compoundsand thermoplastic elastomeric compounds used in the manu-facture of sealing rings or gaskets shall meet the requirementsof Specification F477.5.5 LubricantThe lubricant used for assembly of gasketedjoints shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or the pi
30、pe.5.6 Optional Bell Retaining BandsBell retaining bands, ifused, shall meet the requirements in 6.6.4 and shall be made ofcorrosive resistant materials such as fiberglass (SpecificationD4389) or stainless steel (Specification A666).5.6.1 The Specification D4389 fiberglass roving shall be anE type g
31、lass, free of any alkali, dirt or other impurities. Theband shall consist of a continuous, overlapping filament fiberand not a fabric.NOTE 3Compound and material properties are typically tested tovalidate a formulation; they are not routine quality assurance tests. Usersrequiring such testing for qu
32、ality assurance purposes should insert thesecriteria in their project specifications.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free ofcracks, holes, b
33、listers, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect thewall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarelythrough valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, in pipe are notpermissible.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal
34、 SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 2.6.2.2 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in anylaying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-turer. Laying length shall not be less than 99 % of statedquantity when measured in accordance wi
35、th 7.3.2.6.2.3 Minimum Wall, Crown, Valley and Liner ThicknessThe minimum thickness of pipe sections shall meet therequirements given in Table 2 when measured in accordancewith 7.3.3.NOTE 4The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsmanufactured to this specification are not specified
36、; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from differentmanufacturers should be verified.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when testedin accordance with 7.4.NOTE 5The 5 % deflection criterio
37、n, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of split-ting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of theoute
38、r and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested inaccordance with 7.5.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, whenconditioned in accordance with 7.1 and tested in a
39、ccordancewith 7.6 and examined under normal light and the unaided eye.The minimum pipe impact strength at 73F (23C) shall be 140ft-lbf (190 J).NOTE 6Discoloration or “whitening” of the pipe during pipe flatten-ing and impact tests is normal and does not represent a failure criteria foreither test.6.
40、6 Fabricated Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fabricated fittings and joining systems suppliedor recommended by the pipe manufacturer shall be used.Fabricated fittings shall be installed in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations and meet the same materialrequirements as the pipe.NOT
41、E 7Fittings may be fabricated from the pipe by a variety ofprocesses including hot plate welding, spin welding or other processes.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment at the joints while maintaining the speci-fied level of watertight requirements in accordance wit
42、h 6.6.3.6.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall be specified in 4.1.5 and haveeither silt-tight bell/spigot joints that utilize a gasket thatcomplies with the requirements of Specification F477 orwatertight bell/spigot joint that complies with the laboratorytests defined and described in Test Method D3212 and
43、 utilizesa gasket that complies with the requirements of SpecificationF477. It is permissible to supply silt-tight bell/spigot jointswith geotextile wrapping meeting the requirements of M 288 inlieu of a rubber gasket. Note that special provisions must beTABLE 2 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsPip
44、e InsideDiameterInside DiameterTolerancesMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimumInner LinerThicknessMinimumValleyThicknessMinimumCrownThicknessin. mm in. mm lb/in/in kPa in. mm in. mm in. mm12 300 6 0.12 6 3.0 70 482 0.045 1.1 0.103 2.6 0.052 1.315 400 6 0.15 6 3.8 60 413 0.050 1.3 0.126 3.2 0
45、.068 1.718 450 6 0.18 6 4.6 56 386 0.055 1.4 0.132 3.4 0.074 1.924 600 6 0.24 6 6.1 50 344 0.060 1.5 0.144 3.7 0.093 2.430 750 6 0.30 6 7.6 46 317 0.065 1.7 0.148 3.8 0.108 2.736 900 6 0.36 6 9.1 40 275 0.070 1.8 0.153 3.9 0.132 3.442 1050 6 0.42 610.7 35 241 0.070 1.8 0.158 4.0 0.160 4.148 1200 60.
46、48 6 12.2 30 206 0.072 1.8 0.179 4.6 0.165 4.254 1350 6 0.54 6 13.7 26 175 0.078 2.0 0.194 4.9 0.178 4.560 1500 6 0.60 6 15.2 25 170 0.085 2.2 0.215 5.5 0.180 4.6F2881 113taken in order to join field cut pipe that must have watertightjoints meeting the requirements of Specification D3212.NOTE 8Speci
47、fication D3212 testing only confirms laboratory short-term watertight integrity of the joint design. If long-term watertightperformance is required, field testing of the joint should be conducted aminimum 30-days after installation. This testing assesses the impact oflongterm material properties and
48、 installation quality.6.6.4 Optional retaining bands, when used and tested inaccordance with 6.6.3, shall show no signs of cracking,separation, splitting or delamination from the pipe during thistest.6.7 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut, placedin the valley of the corrugation rib, and u
49、niformly spaced alongthe length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of theperforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be aslisted in Table 3. Other perforation dimensions and configura-tions shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs ofthe specifier. All measurements shall be made in accordancewith 7.3.4. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints shall not beperforated in the
