1、Designation: F2924 12Standard Specification forAdditive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadiumwith Powder Bed Fusion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers additively manufacturedtitanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components us-ing
3、 full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam meltingand laser melting. The components produced by these pro-cesses are used typically in applications that require mechani-cal properties similar to machined forgings and wroughtproducts. Components manufactured to this specification areoften, bu
4、t not necessarily, post processed via machining,grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing,and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and criticaldimensions.1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasersor producers, or both, of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4Vcompo
5、nents for defining the requirements and ensuring com-ponent properties.1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis forobtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptancerequirements established and revised by consensus of themembers of the committee.1.4 User requirements consid
6、ered more stringent may bemet by the addition to the purchase order of one or moreSupplementary Requirements, which may include, but are notlimited to, those listed in S1-S11.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1
7、.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
8、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usingthe Hall Flowmeter FunnelB214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
9、B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usingthe Carney FunnelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of MetallicMaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE11 Specification fo
10、r Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and AlloysE466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Con
11、stantAmplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys byX-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE1304 Test Method for Plane-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Frac-ture Toughness of Metallic MaterialsE1409 Test Method f
12、or Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion TechniqueE1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 onAdditive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mitte
13、e F42.05 on Materials and Processes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2924-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref
14、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen inTitanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Ther-mal Conductivity/Inf
15、rared Detection MethodE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by CombustionAnalysisE2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Atomic Emission Plasma SpectrometryF629 Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic SurgicalImpl
16、antsF2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technolo-giesF2921 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingCoordinate Systems and Test Methodologies2.2 ASQ Standard:3ASQ C1 Specifications of General Requirements for aQuality Program2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 9001 Quality Management System RequirementsISO
17、 9044 Industrial Woven Wire Cloth Technical Re-quirements and TestingISO 13485 Medical devices Quality management systems Requirements for regulatory purposes2.4 SAE Standards:5AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Titanium andTitanium AlloysAMS2801 Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy PartsAMSH81200 H
18、eat Treatment of Titanium and TitaniumAlloysAS1814 Terminology for Titanium MicrostructuresAS9100 Quality Systems Aerospace Model for QualityAssurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-tion and Servicing2.5 ASME Standards:6ASME B46.1 Surface Texture3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 as b
19、uilt, n, adjrefers to the state of componentsmade by an additive process before any post processing exceptwhere removal from a build platform is necessary or powderremoval or support removal is required.3.1.2 build cycle, nsingle cycle in which one or morecomponents are built up in layers in the pro
20、cess chamber of themachine.3.1.3 manufacturing lot, nmanufactured components hav-ing commonality between powder, production run, machine,and post-processing steps (if required) as recorded on a singlemanufacturing work order.3.1.4 machine, na system including hardware, machinecontrol software, requi
21、red set-up software and peripheralaccessories necessary to complete a build cycle for producingcomponents.3.1.5 manufacturing plan, nplan including, but not lim-ited to the items in Section 6, written by the componentsupplier that specifies the production sequence, machine pa-rameters and manufactur
22、ing control system used in the pro-duction run.3.1.5.1 DiscussionManufacturing plans are typically re-quired under a quality management system such as ISO 9001and ASQ C1.3.1.6 near net shape, ncomponents that meet dimensionaltolerance as built with little post processing.3.1.6.1 DiscussionNear net s
23、hape components are typi-cally used for, but not limited to, Class 4 components.3.1.7 powder bed, nrefers to the build area in an additivemanufacturing process in which feedstock is deposited andselectively melted with a point heat source to build upcomponents.3.1.7.1 DiscussionPowder bed processes
24、are in contrast toother metal additive manufacturing processes in which powderor wire are fed simultaneously with the heat source. Powderbed processes include, but are not limited to, the processes ofselective laser melting (SLMt), direct metal laser sintering(DMLSy), LaserCUSING, and electron beam
25、melting(EBMt).73.1.8 powder blend, nquantity of powder made by blend-ing powders originating from more than one powder lot.3.1.9 powder lot, na complete quantity of powder pro-duced under traceable, controlled conditions, from a singleunifying manufacturing process cycle and provided withsource docu
26、mentation.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe size of a powder lot is defined bythe powder supplier. It is common that the powder supplierdistributes a portion of a powder lot to multiple powder bedfusion component suppliers.3.1.10 production run, nall components produced in onebuild cycle or sequential series of
27、 build cycles using the sameprocess conditions and powder.3.1.11 used powder, npowder from a powder blend orpowder lot containing some portion of powder that has beenprocessed in at least one previous build cycle.3.1.12 virgin powder, nunused powder from a singlepowder lot.3.2 Terminology relating t
28、o titanium microstructure inAS1814 shall apply3.3 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing in Ter-minology F2792 shall apply.4. Classification4.1 Components manufactured to Class 1 requirements areoften used for, but not limited to, safety critical and structuralcomponents where hot isostatic
29、press is not required.3Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,Milwaukee, WI 53203, http:/www.asq.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from SAE International (SA
30、E), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7SLM is a registered trademark of Realizer GmbH, SLM Solutions GmbH andR
31、enishaw plc. DMLS is a trademark of EOS GmbH. EBM is a registered trademarkof Arcam AB, Molndal, Sweden.F2924 1224.2 Components manufactured to Class 2 requirements areoften used for, but not limited to, safety critical and structuralcomponents.4.3 Components manufactured to Class 3 requirements are
32、often used for, but not limited to, performance critical compo-nents.4.4 Components manufactured to Class 4 requirements aretypically concept models and prototype parts.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for components compliant with this specificationshall include the following to describe the requi
33、rements ad-equately:5.1.1 This specification designation,5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,5.1.3 Quantity of product desired,5.1.4 Classification,5.1.5 SI or inch-pounds units,5.1.6 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 14),5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),5.1.8 Methods for ch
34、emical analysis (Section 9),5.1.9 Sampling methods (S12),5.1.10 Post-processing sequence operations,5.1.11 Thermal processing,5.1.12 Component marking such as labeling the serial or lotnumber in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or producttagging,5.1.13 Packaging,5.1.14 Certification,5.1.15 Dis
35、position of rejected material (Section 15), and5.1.16 Supplementary requirements.6. Manufacturing Plan6.1 Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 components manufacturedto this specification shall have a manufacturing plan thatincludes, but is not limited to, the following:6.1.1 A machine, and manufacturing co
36、ntrol system, quali-fication procedure as agreed between component supplier andpurchaser;NOTE 1Qualification procedures typically require qualification buildcycles in which mechanical property test specimens are prepared andmeasured in accordance with Section 11 or other applicable standards.Locatio
37、n, orientation on the build platform, number of test specimens foreach machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-men test results and component quality shall be agreed upon betweencomponent supplier and purchaser.6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the requirements of Section 7;6.1.3
38、The machine identification, including machine soft-ware version, manufacturing control system version (if auto-mated), build chamber environment, machine conditioning,and calibration information of the qualified machine;6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the quali-fication procedure;6.1
39、.5 Safeguards to ensure traceability of the digital files,including design history of the components;6.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,including build platform selection, machine cleaning, andpowder handling;6.1.7 The requirements for approving machine operators;6.1.8 Logging
40、of machine build data files, upper and lowerlimits of the parameters affecting component quality and otherprocess validation controls;6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, theirorientation and location on the build platform, and supportstructures, if required;6.1.10 Process steps including
41、, but not limited to, Section 8;6.1.11 Post-processing procedure, including sequence of thepost-processing steps and the specifications for each step;6.1.12 Thermal processing including furnace anneal, hotisostatic pressing, heat treat, and aging; and6.1.13 Inspection requirements as agreed between
42、the pur-chaser and component supplier, including any supplementaryrequirements.7. FeedStock7.1 The feedstock for this specification shall be metalpowder, as defined in Terminology B243, that has the powdertype, size distribution, shape, tap density, and flow rateoptimized for the process as determin
43、ed by the componentsupplier.7.2 The metal powder shall be free from detrimentalamounts of inclusions and impurities and its chemical compo-sition shall be adequate to yield, after processing, the finalmaterial chemistry listed in Table 1.FIG. 1 Build Platform Coordinates for Test Specimens (for refe
44、rence only)F2924 1237.3 Powder blends are allowed unless otherwise specifiedbetween the component supplier and component purchaser, aslong as all powder used to create the powder blend meet therequirements in Table 1 and lot numbers are documented andmaintained.7.4 Used powder is allowed. The propor
45、tion of virginpowder to used powder shall be recorded and reported for eachproduction run. The maximum number of times used powdercan be used as well as the number of times any portion of apowder lot can be processed in the build chamber should beagreed upon between component supplier and purchaser
46、forClass 1 and Class 2 components. There are no limits on thenumber of build cycles for used powder for Class 3 and Class4 components. After a build cycle, any remaining used powdermay be blended with virgin powder to maintain a powderquantity large enough for next build cycle. The chemicalcompositi
47、on of used powders shall be analyzed regularly, asagreed upon between component supplier and purchaser. Pow-der not conforming to Table 1 shall not be further processed inthe machine to manufacture Class 1, Class 2 or Class 3components.7.4.1 All used powder shall be sieved with a sieve having amesh
48、size appropriate for removing any agglomerates orcontaminants from the build cycle.7.5 All powder sieves used to manufacture Class1, Class 2and Class 3 components shall have a certificate of conformancethat they were manufactured to ISO 9044 or all powder sievingshall be in conformance with Specific
49、ation E11.7.6 Sieve analysis of used powder or powder lots duringincoming inspection or in-process inspection shall be made inaccordance with Test Method B214 or as agreed betweencomponent supplier and purchaser.8. Process8.1 Processing shall be conducted per applicable ASTMInternational standard(s) or as agreed upon between componentsupplier and purchaser according to an approved manufactur-ing plan as described in Section 6.8.1.1 For components meeting Class 1 and Class 2 proper-ties, test specimens for quality assurance may be required to bebuilt
