1、Designation: F2924 14Standard Specification forAdditive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadiumwith Powder Bed Fusion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers additively manufacturedtitanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components us-ing
3、 full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam meltingand laser melting. The components produced by these pro-cesses are used typically in applications that require mechani-cal properties similar to machined forgings and wroughtproducts. Components manufactured to this specification areoften, bu
4、t not necessarily, post processed via machining,grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing,and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and criticaldimensions.1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasersor producers, or both, of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4Vcompo
5、nents for defining the requirements and ensuring com-ponent properties.1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis forobtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptancerequirements established and revised by consensus of themembers of the committee.1.4 User requirements consid
6、ered more stringent may bemet by the addition to the purchase order of one or moreSupplementary Requirements, which may include, but are notlimited to, those listed in S1-S16.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1
7、.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
8、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usingthe Hall Flowmeter FunnelB214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
9、B600 Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Tita-nium Alloy SurfacesB769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysB964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usingthe Carney FunnelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8/E8M Tes
10、t Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-rials at Room TemperatureE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Met
11、allic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-tallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Te
12、st of MetallicMaterialsE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain FractureToughness KIcof Metallic MaterialsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 onAdditive
13、Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F42.05 on Materials and Processes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2924-12a. DOI:10.1520/F2924-14.2For referenced ASTM stand
14、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、 19428-2959. United States1E466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled ConstantAmplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE539 Test Method forAnalysis of TitaniumAlloys by X-RayFluorescence SpectrometryE606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE647 Test Method for Measurement o
16、f Fatigue CrackGrowth RatesE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas FusionE1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion ThermalConductivit
17、y/Infrared Detection MethodE1450 Test Method for Tension Testing of Structural Alloysin Liquid HeliumE1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture ToughnessE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and TheirAlloys by CombustionAnalysisE2368 Practice for Strain
18、Controlled ThermomechanicalFatigue TestingE2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively CoupledPlasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)F629 Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic SurgicalImplantsF1472 Specifi
19、cation for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNSR56400)F2792 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingTechnologies,2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:252915 Specification for Additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF) Version 1.152921 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingC
20、oordinate Systems and Test Methodologies2.3 ASQ Standard:3ASQ C1 Specifications of General Requirements for a Qual-ity Program2.4 ISO Standards:4ISO 148-1 Metallic materialsCharpy pendulum impacttestPart 1: Test methodISO 1099 Metallic materialsFatigue testingAxial force-controlled methodISO 4545 Me
21、tallic materialsKnoop hardness testPart 2:Verification and calibration of testing machinesISO 5832-3 Implants for SurgeryMetallic MaterialsPart3: Wrought Titanium 6-Aluminum 4-Vanadium AlloyThird EditionISO 6506-1 Metallic materialsBrinell hardness testPart1: Test methodISO 6507-1 Metallic materials
22、Vickers harness testPart1: Test methodISO 6508 Metallic materialsRockwell hardness testPart1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)ISO 6892-1 Metallic MaterialsTensile Testing at AmbientTemperatureISO 6892-2 Metallic MaterialsTensile TestingPart 2:Method of test at elevated temperatur
23、eISO 9001 Quality Management System RequirementsISO 9044 Industrial Woven Wire Cloth Technical Require-ments and TestingISO 12108 Metallic materialsFatigue testingFatiguecrack growth methodISO 12111 Metallic materialsFatigue testingStrain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing methodISO 12135 M
24、etallic materialsUnified method of test forthe determination of quasistatic fracture toughnessISO 12737 Metallic materialsDetermination of plane-strain fracture toughness (withdrawn)ISO 13485 Medical devices Quality management systems Requirements for regulatory PurposesISO 19819 Metallic materialsT
25、ensile testing in liquidhelium2.5 SAE Standards:5AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Titanium andTitanium AlloysAMS2801 Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy PartsAMSH81200 Heat Treatment of Titanium and TitaniumAlloysAS1814 Terminology for Titanium MicrostructuresAS9100 Quality Systems Aerospace Mode
26、l for QualityAssurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-tion and Servicing2.6 ASME Standards:6ASME B46.1 Surface Texture2.7 National Institute of Standards and Technology7IR 7847 (March 2012) CODEN: NTNOEF3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 as built, n, adjrefers to the state of componen
27、tsmade by an additive process before any post processing exceptwhere removal from a build platform is necessary or powderremoval or support removal is required.3.1.2 build cycle, nsingle cycle in which one or morecomponents are built up in layers in the process chamber of themachine.3.1.3 heat, npow
28、der lot.3.1.4 manufacturing lot, nmanufactured components hav-ing commonality between powder, production run, machine,and post-processing steps (if required) as recorded on a singlemanufacturing work order.3Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,Milwaukee, WI 53203
29、, http:/www.asq.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.6Available from American Society of Mechanical
30、 Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.F2924 1423.1.5 machine, na system including
31、 hardware, machinecontrol software, required set-up software and peripheralaccessories necessary to complete a build cycle for producingcomponents.3.1.6 manufacturing plan, nplan including, but not lim-ited to the items in Section 6, written by the componentsupplier that specifies the production seq
32、uence, machine pa-rameters and manufacturing control system used in the pro-duction run.3.1.6.1 DiscussionManufacturing plans are typically re-quired under a quality management system such as ISO 9001and ASQ C1.3.1.7 near net shape, ncomponents that meet dimensionaltolerance as built with little pos
33、t processing.3.1.7.1 DiscussionNear net shape components are typi-cally used for, but not limited to, Class 4 components.3.1.8 powder bed, nrefers to the build area in an additivemanufacturing process in which feedstock is deposited andselectively melted with a heat source to build up components.3.1
34、.8.1 DiscussionPowder bed processes are in contrast toother metal additive manufacturing processes in which powderor wire are fed simultaneously with the heat source. Powderbed processes include, but are not limited to, the processesknow as selective laser melting, metal laser sintering, andelectron
35、 beam melting.3.1.9 powder blend, nquantity of powder made by blend-ing powders originating from more than one powder lot.3.1.10 powder lot, na quantity of powder produced undertraceable, controlled conditions, from a single unifying manu-facturing process cycle and provided with source documenta-ti
36、on.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe size of a powder lot is defined bythe powder supplier. It is common that the powder supplierdistributes a portion of a powder lot to multiple powder bedfusion component suppliers.3.1.11 production run, nall components produced in onebuild cycle or sequential series of build
37、 cycles using the sameprocess conditions and powder.3.1.12 used powder, npowder from a powder blend orpowder lot that has been processed in at least one previousbuild cycle.3.1.13 virgin powder, nunused powder from a singlepowder lot.3.2 Terminology relating to titanium microstructure inAS1814 shall
38、 apply.3.3 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing in Ter-minology F2792 shall apply.3.4 Terminology relating to coordinate systems in Terminol-ogy 52921 shall apply.3.5 Terminology relating to powder metallurgy in Terminol-ogy B243 shall apply.4. Classification4.1 Unless otherwise specified
39、herein, all classificationsshall meet the requirements in each section of this specifica-tion.4.1.1 Class A components shall be stress relieved or an-nealed per Section 12.4.1.2 Class B components shall be annealed per Section 12.4.1.3 Class C components shall be hot isostatically pressedper Section
40、 13.4.1.4 Class D components shall be solution heat treated andaged per Section 12.4.1.5 For Class E components all thermal processing shallbe optional.4.1.6 Class F components shall be stress relieved or an-nealed per Section 12.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for components compliant with this s
41、pecificationshall include the following to describe the requirements ad-equately:5.1.1 This specification designation,5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,5.1.3 Quantity of product desired,5.1.4 Classification,5.1.5 SI or SAE units,5.1.5.1 DiscussionThe STL file format used by manypow
42、der bed fusion machines does not contain units of mea-surement as metadata. When only STLfiles are provided by thepurchaser, ordering information should specify the units of thecomponent along with the electronic data file. More informa-tion about data files can be found in ISO/ASTM 52915.5.1.6 Dime
43、nsions and tolerances (Section 14),5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),5.1.8 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 9),5.1.9 Sampling methods (S16),5.1.10 Post-processing sequence of operations,5.1.11 Thermal processing,5.1.12 Allowable porosity (Section S8).5.1.13 Component marking such as lab
44、eling the serial or lotnumber in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or producttagging,5.1.14 Packaging,5.1.15 Certification,5.1.16 Disposition of rejected material (Section 15), and5.1.17 Supplementary requirements.6. Manufacturing Plan6.1 Class A, B, C, D, and F components manufactured tothis s
45、pecification shall have a manufacturing plan that includes,but is not limited to, the following:6.1.1 A machine, and manufacturing control system, quali-fication procedure as agreed between component supplier andpurchaser;NOTE 1Qualification procedures typically require qualification buildcycles in
46、which mechanical property test specimens are prepared andmeasured in accordance with Section 11 or other applicable standards.Location, orientation on the build platform, number of test specimens foreach machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-men test results and component
47、 quality shall be agreed upon betweencomponent supplier and purchaser.6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the requirements of Section 7;6.1.3 The machine identification, including machine soft-ware version, manufacturing control system version (ifF2924 143automated), build chamber environment, machineconditi
48、oning, and calibration information of the qualifiedmachine;6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the quali-fication procedure;6.1.5 Safeguards to ensure traceability of the digital files,including design history of the components;6.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,inc
49、luding build platform selection, machine cleaning, andpowder handling;6.1.7 The requirements for approving machine operators;6.1.8 Logging of machine build data files, upper and lowerlimits of the parameters affecting component quality and otherprocess validation controls;6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, theirorientation and location on the build platform, and supportstructures, if required;6.1.10 Process steps including, but not limited to, Section 8;6.1.11 Post-processing procedure, including sequence of th
