1、Designation: F2930 14Standard Guide forCompliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufactur-ers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for lightsport aircraft. This guidance mate
3、rial presents philosophies,practices and considerations recommended by industryconsensus, but does not present technical or business require-ments that must be met.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to beconsidered by organizations looking to develop or improveobjective evidence
4、 of compliance for light sport aircraft. Itdoes not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations orother requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft,production or testing process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport AirplaneF
6、2279 Practice for Quality Assurance in the Manufacture ofFixed Wing Light Sport AircraftF2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitor-ing of a Light Sport AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2626 Terminology for Light Sp
7、ort AircraftF2746 Specification for Pilots Operating Handbook (POH)for Light Sport AirplaneF2839 Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standardson Light Sport Aircraft2.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Advisory Circular No. 23.629-1B Means of Compli-ance with Title 14 CFR, Part 23, Section 23.629, FlutterFAA J
8、ASC (Joint Aircraft System/Component) Codes2.3 Other References:ATA (Air Transport Association) Spec 100, or the neweriSpec 2200Information Standards for Aviation Mainte-nance4Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardiza-tion (MMPDS, formerly MIL-HDBK-5)5CMH-17 (formerly MIL-HDBK-17) fo
9、r composite materialproperties5CICTT (Commercial Aviation Safety Team/InternationalCivil Aviation Organization Common TaxonomyTeam) International Standard for Aircraft Make, Model,and Series Groupings Business Rules, October 2012(1.3)63. Terminology3.1 The following are a selection of relevant terms
10、. SeeTerminology F2626 for more definitions and abbreviations.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 compliance packagea set of documents which pro-vides objective, verifiable evidence for compliance to appli-cable ASTM standards.3.2.2 compliance programa set of activities planned for,executed, and for which results
11、 are reviewed against ASTMstandards for the purpose of declaring compliance to a particu-lar standard.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe program may be short and simpleor extensive and comprehensive, depending on the standard orpurpose of the program (for example, initial design versusmodification).3.2.3 continu
12、ed compliance activitywork that is con-ducted as part of the ongoing support and production of anaircraft following the initial design definition and statement ofcompliance.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、ttee F37.70 on Cross Cutting.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2930 13. DOI:10.1520/F2930-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
14、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.4Available from http:/www.airlines.org.5Availa
15、ble from http:/.6Available from http:/intlaviationstandards.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.4 control drawingdiscloses engineering form, fit,function, and performance requirements for the acquisition ofpurchase
16、d items of existing designs, or of items speciallydeveloped by vendors.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA control drawing facilitates accurateprocurement of vendor-developed items without disclosingdetails of designs or divulging proprietary vendor data.3.2.5 date of manufacturepossible dates include, but arenot l
17、imited to, the date of initial registration in the relevantcountry of first registry of the individual aircraft, the date ofinitial airworthiness certification, the date of the signature of astatement of compliance, or other date as defined by theapplicable CAA.3.2.5.1 DiscussionIt is important for
18、the manufacturer tocorrectly identify this date as it determines which standards andwhich revisions thereof are applicable to each individualaircraft.3.2.6 declaration of compliancethe official statement by amanufacturer that an aircraft meets the applicable light sportaircraft standards as specifie
19、d by the relevant CAA.3.2.7 manufacturerany entity engaged in the productionof a light sport aircraft which is responsible for completing allcompliance-related paperwork and assertions of compliance.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe manufacturer is also responsiblefor identifying each aircraft produced; for sta
20、ting that eachaircraft complies with the applicable requirements, conforms toits own design definition and has performed acceptably on allnecessary ground and flight testing; and for continued moni-toring and correction of safety-of-flight issues.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 AMMAircraft Maintenance Manual3.3.
21、2 BOMBill of Materials3.3.3 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.3.4 CAD/CAMComputer Aided Design/ComputerAided Manufacturing3.3.5 COS/COSMContinued Operational Safety/Monitoring3.3.6 COTSCommercial Off-The-Shelf3.3.7 FTSFlight Training Supplement3.3.8 IPBIllustrated Parts Breakdown (aka IPC, Inte-grated Pa
22、rts Catalogue, Illustrated Parts Catalog)3.3.9 LSALight Sport Aircraft3.3.10 MCCLMaster Compliance Check List3.3.11 MOCMeans of Compliance3.3.12 MTSMade to Spec3.3.13 NHANext Higher Assembly3.3.14 OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer3.3.15 POHPilot Operating Handbook (aka AFM, Air-craft Flight Manual;
23、 aka AOI, Aircraft Operating Instructions)3.3.16 QAQuality Assurance3.3.17 QAMQuality Assurance Manual3.3.18 QAPQuality Assurance Program3.3.19 QARQuality Assurance Record3.3.20 QCQuality Control3.3.21 UMUnit of Measure4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examplesfor
24、consideration related to compliance which are not neces-sarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sportaircraft. The outline of this document is intended to looselyreflect the process that an organization would go through inorder to reach and maintain production of a light sport airc
25、raftthat is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTMstandards.4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturerswhich are responsible for conformity to processes and proce-dures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft.Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the content
26、s ofthis guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards,establish, document and follow their own procedures.4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining whichstandards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatorypackage of any given CAA, along with any other requirementsapplicable
27、 within the agencys jurisdiction.4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of aparticular light sport aircraft; however, following the explana-tions provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoidingcommon pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, deter-mining shortcomings in curr
28、ent declarations of compliance,and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to supporta declaration of compliance.5. Key Themes5.1 The following key concepts are essential to the compli-ance process and can be seen throughout this guide. Manufac-turers are encouraged to keep these themes in mi
29、nd.5.2 Configuration ControlOver the course of the develop-ment or compliance program, or both, the configuration shouldbe captured such that the specifics of the compliant design arecharacterized, traceable, and documented. This includes ele-ments such as definition, source, specifications, and a s
30、ystemfor managing configuration.5.3 Change ManagementChanges come about from avariety of sources: changes for improvements to a design, as aresult of safety of flight issues, or in response to a change in thestandards themselves.All changes must be managed in order tomaintain compliance to the appli
31、cable standards throughout theproducts lifecycle. Failure to manage and track changes willresult in non-compliance.5.4 DocumentationThe implementation of the consensusstandards within a certification process depends on compliancewhich is not merely declared, but also verifiable and repeat-able. If c
32、ompliance is not documented, it cannot be assumed.Thorough documentation is essential for providing traceability,supporting compliance and certification activities, and facili-tating design control. The manufacturer must be able to fullyF2930 142account for all activity pertaining to the applicable
33、require-ments associated with the aircraft. In addition, any assumptionsthat are relied upon as part of the design or production processshould also be thoroughly documented. For parameters that aresubject to variation, documentation of the sensitivity of aircraftperformance or conformity to those pa
34、rameters is also highlyrecommended.5.5 Plan, Execute, Evaluate, Record (PEER):5.5.1 PlanA systematic plan that covers all elements ofcompliance, from an overall system for document managementand design definition to maintenance and continued operationalsupport, should be established at the beginning
35、 of anycompliance-related effort. It should include a process fordocumenting results to be used as a means of checks andbalances. The plan should cover all phases of productdevelopment, manufacture, and support. Reliance on fleetexperience or anecdotal information for an existing design doesnot gene
36、rally meet the minimum requirements for this plan.Processes that are capable of providing traceability and supportproof of compliance as needed should be implemented withineach phase.5.5.2 ExecuteSystematic execution to the plan with thor-ough documentation is essential to future declarations ofcomp
37、liance. If documentation is not sufficient, either fromnewly conducted design or test exercise, or from potentiallyrelevant fleet experience, the manufacturer may have to redotesting or analysis.5.5.3 EvaluateAppropriate evaluation of results in light ofeach individual requirement and use of planned
38、 checks andbalances is critical. Standards are written in terms of minimumrequirements such that failure to comply or a lack of ability todemonstrate compliance on any single item in a standard isnon-compliance of the entire aircraft or system.5.5.4 RecordAppropriately document all findings thatsupp
39、ort the applicable requirements. Documents should beclearly identified and written so that compliance to the require-ments can be easily verified. Document control will alsosupport configuration control.6. Compliance Process Overview6.1 OverviewA schematic overview of the complianceprocess is shown
40、in Fig. 1. One possible path through the lightsport aircraft compliance process is provided in Fig. 2. Fol-lowing these flowcharts does not ensure compliance, nor doesimplementing a process that differs from these flowchartsnecessarily mean non-compliance. Manufacturers are respon-sible for defining
41、, executing and evaluating their own pro-cesses for both initial and ongoing compliance.FIG. 1 Compliance Program Schematic OverviewF2930 143NOTE 1While Fig. 2 ends with signing a statement of compliance fora production aircraft, each aircraft produced does require its ownstatement of compliance and
42、 must comply with the set of standards thatare currently in effect at the date of manufacture.6.2 Personnel CertificationA key aspect of the compli-ance process is ensuring that those responsible for determiningcompliance within the manufacturers organization are appro-priately trained and qualified
43、 to do so. This is true regardless ofthe level of CAA oversight applied to the certification process.While it is not the intent of this Guide to mandate training ora particular training course, Manufacturers should be aware ofany such requirements that the relevant Civil Aviation Agencyin the county
44、 of first registry of the aircraft may, if desired,impose that mandate training or define limitations of validityand requirements for recurrent training. The scope discussed in6.2.1 is intended to be representative of one might expect to seein an appropriate training course.6.2.1 Training ScopeThe t
45、raining is intended to verify thatgraduates are able to understand and determine whether anaircraft design and the manufacturers operations and processesmeet the requirements set forth in the ASTM standards forLight Sport Aircraft as well as the relevant regulatory frame-work. The training aims to p
46、rovide education on the relevantstandards, how they are used, and best practices to helpminimize potential negative actions by the applicable CAAthrough robust demonstration of compliance. To achieve this,the training provides understanding of:6.2.1.1 How to assess whether there is adequate substant
47、ia-tion to show compliance to the applicable standards set forth inthe ASTM standards for light aircraft;6.2.1.2 The requirements to obtain LSA certification, inclu-sive of design, performance, quality, and continued operationalsafety;6.2.1.3 The various materials that must be provided with thesale
48、of an ASTM compliant aircraft; and6.2.1.4 The responsibilities and duties of an ASTM compli-ant aircraft manufacturer.6.2.1.5 Additionally, training is desirable to enhance under-standing in complying with specific design, production, andcontinued airworthiness requirements. Study of this guidecompl
49、ements this training, but is not intended to replace it.FIG. 2 Example Light Sport Aircraft Certification ProcessF2930 1446.2.2 Available Training Programs:6.2.2.1 ASTM Light Aircraft Certificate ProgramASTMadministers the Light Aircraft Personnel Certificate Program.The ASTM Technical and Professional Training (TPT) Depart-ment developed a two-day training program on the properapplication of ASTM F37 standards and processes to thedesign, production, and operation of light sport aircraft. TheASTM Light Airc
