1、Designation: F2945 12aF2945 15Standard Specification forPolyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.Balloted changes were added, and the year date was changed on November 27, 2012.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirem
3、ents and test methods for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and fittingsfor use in fuel gas piping.pipelines. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the transportdistribution and transmission of fuel gases.1.1.1 This specification does not cover
4、threaded pipe. Generic fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Designconsiderations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant quality control programs are specified in Annex A1.1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These n
5、otesand footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information o
6、nly and are not considered standard.1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixes in this specification:Annexes SubjectAnnex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.Annex A2 PA-11 Butt Fusion FittingsAppendixes SubjectAppendix X1 Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 PipingAppendi
7、x X2 Design Consideration1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior
8、 to use.NOTE 1Heat fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is limited to PA11 pipe and fittings meeting therequirements of this Standard. Heat Fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is not allowed to pipes and fit
9、tingsmade from any other thermoplastic materials (for example, PA12, PEs, PVCs, etc.).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical ReagentsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of
10、PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD789 Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosities of Polyamide (PA)D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materia
11、lsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Termin
12、ology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)31 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.Current edition approved Nov. 27, 2012M
13、arch 1, 2015. Published December 2012May 2015. OrginallyOriginally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012as F294512.12a. DOI: 10.1520/D294512A.10.1520/D294515.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
14、r Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
15、 an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
16、 to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsD2
17、290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic PipeD2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure PipingD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis forThermoplastic Pipe
18、 ProductsD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryD4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1025 Guide for Selection
19、and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punctures or Holesin Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or TubingF1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA) Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Pl
20、astic Pipe and TubingF1973 Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide 11(PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas Distribution SystemsF2138 Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural Gas ServiceF2145 Specification for Polyamide
21、 11 (PA 11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside DiameterControlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipe and TubingF2600 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11 Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11 Pipe andTubingF2897 Specification for Tracking and
22、Traceability Encoding System of Natural Gas Distribution Components (Pipe, Tubing,Fittings, Valves, and Appurtenances)2.2 ANSI Standards:4B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas Distribution SystemsB 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems2.3 Federal Spec
23、ifications:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)OPS Part 192 Title 49, Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations2.4 Military Standards:6MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Att
24、ributes2.5 ISO Standards:7ISO 751 Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 1: General test methodISO 752 Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 2: Plastics and eboniteISO 179/1eA Determination of Charpy impact properties. Non-instrumented impact t
25、estISO 5271 Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principlesISO 5272 Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plasticsISO 1183 Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer me
26、thodand titration methodISO 22621 Part 1 Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressure up to and including2 MPa (20 bar)Polyamide (PA): GeneralISO 13478 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids- Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation
27、(RCP) -Full-scale test (FST)2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute:8PPI TR3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB), StrengthDesign Basis (SDB), and Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or PipePPI TR4 Hydrostatic De
28、sign Bases and Maximum Recommended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for Thermoplastic PipingMaterialsPPI TN7 Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture CurvesPPI TR9 Recommended Design Factors for Pressure Applications of Thermoplastic Pipe MaterialsPPI TR-45 Butt Fusion Joining Procedures for Field Joining of
29、 Polyamide-114 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 RobbinsAve., Philadelphia, PA19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.DLAD
30、ocument Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/6 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.7 Available from Plastics Pipe In
31、stitute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.8 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2945 1523. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F4
32、12, and abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specification is in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or CFR OPS Part 192 Title 49,unless otherwise indicated.3.3 The term pipe used herein refers to both pipe and tubing
33、unless specifically stated otherwise.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 re-rounding equipment, nequipment used to reform the pipe and permanently reduce ovality to 5 % or less.3.4.2 rounding equipment, nequipment, devices, clamps, and so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe
34、 round whileout-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining procedure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.3.4.3 standard thermoplastic material designated code, nthe pipe material designation code shall consist of the abbreviationfor the polyamide (PA) followed by Arabic nu
35、merals which describe the short term properties in accordance with Classificationsfrom Table 2 followed by the hydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4F (23C) in units of 100 psi with any decimal figuresdropped. Where the hydrostatic design stress code contains less than two figures, a zero is us
36、ed before the number. Thus, acomplete material designation code shall consist of two letters and five figures for polyamide 11 materials. For example, PA32316is a polyamide 11 with a 1600 psi design stress for water at 73.4F (23C). The hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not usedin this designat
37、ion code.3.4.4 thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (DR), nthe ratio of pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividing thespecified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by the minimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standard dimension ratio(SDR) is a common numbering system
38、 which is derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10.3.4.5 toe-in, na small reduction of the outside diameter at the cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.4. Requirements for Materials4.1 GeneralThe polyamide 11 material used to make pipe and fittings shall be virgin or reworked material
39、 (see 4.5) and shallhave a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determined per PPITR3 and PPI TR4.4.2 ClassificationPolyamide materials suitable for use in the manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specification shallbe clas
40、sified in accordance with Classification D4066-94b, as shown in Table 2.4.3 Short- and Long-Term PropertiesPolyamide 11 pipe and fittings shall be made from a Polyamide 11 material which alsosatisfies the combinations of short- and long-term property requirements shown in Table 3.4.4 Resistance to R
41、apid Crack Propagation (RCP) for MaterialsThe material classification (formulation) used in themanufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification shall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordance with 6.6.The data obtained shall be made available upon request without limitations
42、on disclosure, and shall not subsequently be subjectto disclosure limitations when used by others. The values obtained are applicable to all pipes with the wall thickness of the pipetested and all thinner wall pipes.4.5 Rework MaterialClean PA11 rework material of the same commercial designation, ge
43、nerated from the manufacturersown pipe and fitting production shall not be used unless the pipe and fitting produced meet all the requirements of this specification.The use of these PA11 rework materials shall be governed by the requirements of 4.6 and the principals of PPI TN-30/2006. Inpipe, rewor
44、k materials shall be limited to a maximum of 30 % by weight.4.6 DocumentationA documentation system to allow for traceability of raw materials including percentage and materialclassification (or designation, if applicable) of rework materials used in the manufacture of the pipe product meeting there
45、quirements of this specification shall exist and be supplied to the purchaser, if requested.5. Requirements for Pipe and Fittings5.1 GeneralPipe shall be supplied in either coils or straight lengths. Any pipe supplied in coils must meet the samerequirements before and after coiling.TABLE 1 Sustained
46、 PressureTestTemperature Min Hr.PA 32312Hoop StressPA 32316Hoop Stress73 3.6 F(23 2 C)1000 hr 2800 psi(19 MPa)3200 psi(22 MPa)176 3.6F(80 2 C)100 hr 1850 psi(12.7 MPa)1850 psi(12.7 MPa)F2945 1535.2 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, fo
47、reign inclusion,blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects.The pipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in color, opacity,density, and other physical properties.5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimensions and Tolerances:5.3.1 DimensionThe dimensions shall be specified by wall thickn
48、ess and outside diameter.5.3.1.1 DiametersThe outside diameter shall meet the requirements given in Table 4 or Table 5 when measured in accordancewith 6.5.5.3.1.2 Toe-InWhen measured in accordance with 6.5.1.1, the outside diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be morethan 1.5 % smaller than
49、the undistorted outside diameter. Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall be made no closerthan 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm), whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe. Undistorted outside diametershall meet the requirements of Table 4 or Table 5.5.3.1.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall be as specified in Table 5 or Table 6 when measured in accordance with6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point of measurement shall be not less than the minimum wall thickness specified inTable 5 or
