1、Designation: F2947 12An American National StandardStandard Specification for150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in. Annular Corrugated Profile-WallPolyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary SewerApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2947; the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers req
3、uirements and test methodsfor annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe andfittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameterscovered are 150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use forn
4、on-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings pro-duced in accordance with this specification shall be installed incompliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in e
5、ither SI or inch-poundunits are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the textthe Imperial (inch-pound) units are shown in brackets. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents:therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two syst
6、ems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the u
7、serof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked AusteniticStainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD618 Pr
8、actice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD24
9、12 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and FlexuralCree
10、p and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings MaterialsD4389 Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven FromRovingsD4603 Test Method for Determining I
11、nherent Viscosity ofPoly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass CapillaryViscometerD6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep andCreep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped IsothermalMethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF
12、477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic PipeF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-catio
13、ns Section 12Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2947-122For referenced
14、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOffi
15、cials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and
16、 abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpolyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 profile wall, nin this case, the profile pipe wallconstruction provides an interior liner in the waterway andincludes
17、ribs, corrugations, or other shapes, which can be eithersolid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametricaldeformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately describe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM
18、designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Diameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Fitting type(s):4.1.5.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.5.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe a
19、nd Fabricated FittingsThe pipe and fabricatedfittings shall be made of virgin PE compound meeting therequirements of Specification D3350 with a minimum cellclassification of 435400C. The carbon black content in the pipeshall be equal to or greater than 2.0 wt % and shall not exceed3.0 wt %. For qual
20、ity assurance purposes, the cell classificationshall be performed on compression molded plaque, madeaccording to Test Method D4603 and cooled at 15C/min. Thepipe density shall be corrected for percentage carbon blackaccording to Specification D3350. Compounds that have ahigher cell classification in
21、 one or more performance propertiesshall be permitted provided all other product requirements aremet.5.2 ReworkClean rework generated from the manufactur-ers own pipe and fittings production of this product shall bepermitted to be used by the same manufacturer. Rework shallbe the same cell classific
22、ation as new PE compound with whichit is blended and the pipe produced shall meet all therequirements of this specification.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity, and density. The pipe
23、 walls shall be free ofcracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect thewall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarelythrough valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, and delamina-tions in pipe are
24、 not permissible.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.NOTE 1The actual inside diameter of a pipe depends on the materialdistribution, construction and stiffness. It may be considerably higher thanthe mi
25、nimums specified in this table. For more information, see themanufacturers documentation.6.2.2 Mean Inside DiameterThe manufacturers statedmean inside diameter shall be as shown in Table 1, whenmeasured in accordance with 7.3.1.NOTE 2The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsmanufac
26、tured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from differentmanufacturers must be verified.6.2.3 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in anylaying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-turer. Laying lengt
27、h shall not be less than 99 % of statedquantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.6.2.4 Liner ThicknessThe minimum liner thickness of thepipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 whenmeasured in accordance with 7.3.3.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-tion shall meet
28、 the requirements given in Table 1 when testedin accordance with 7.4.NOTE 3The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.FIG. 1 Typical Annula
29、r Corrugated Pipe ProfileF2947 1226.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of split-ting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof,when tested in accordance with 7.5.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence ofsplit
30、ting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof, onany specimen when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fittings fabricated from pipe meeting this speci-fication and supplied or recommended b
31、y the pipe manufac-turer shall be used. Fabricated fittings shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment during construction and prevents separa-tion at the joints.6.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall have a
32、watertight bell/spigotjoint that complies with the laboratory tests defined anddescribed in Test Method D3212 and utilizes a gasket thatcomplies with the requirements of Specification F477. Alljoints shall show no signs of leakage when tested in accordancewith Specification D3212. Note that special
33、provisions must betaken in order that joints made to field cut pipe meet therequirements of Specification D3212. Any component used inthe joining material shall be resistant to effluents being carriedin the pipe.6.6.4 Optional Bell Restraining BandsBell restrainingbands, when used, shall be made of
34、corrosion resistant mate-rials such as fiberglass (Specification D4389) or stainless steel(Specification A666).6.6.5 Joint Proof-of-DesignTo assess the effects of long-term properties of the pipe and gasket material under a jointassembly, a joint proof-of-design test shall be conducted on thepipe jo
35、ints using the test method outlined in 7.8. Each jointproof of design pressure test shall be conducted by anindependent third party, which provides written certificationfor each test. This test is a one-time validation test for thespecific pipe diameter, profile geometry, gasket and jointconfigurati
36、on supplied by the manufacturer. This proof-of-design test shall be conducted on at least one pipe diameterwithin the prescribed diameter range and shall be conducted oneach diameter that differs in joint design. If the joint designdoes not change within the prescribed range, the largestdiameter sha
37、ll be tested. If the diameter range includes morethan 5 different pipe diameters, then two sizes shall be tested;the largest and smallest diameters.6.7 Slow Crack Growth ResistancePipeFor slow crack-growth resistance, the pipe shall be evaluated using the notchedconstant ligament stress (NCLS) test
38、according to the proce-dure described in 7.7. The NCLS test shall be conducted onmolded plaques, and the average failure time of the five testspecimens shall exceed 41 h with no single test specimensfailure time less than 29 h.6.8 Structural Design:6.8.1 The manufacturer shall supply appropriate dat
39、a nec-essary to satisfy the requirements of deflection, thrust, buck-ling, bending stress and long-term strain in accordance with thedesign criteria of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-cation (LRFD, Section 12). The design engineer shall verifythat the data provided by the manufacturer satisfy
40、the productrequirements.6.8.2 The minimum long-term (50-year) design values formodulus of elasticity and tensile strength for the PE com-pounds shall be 152 MPa (22,000 psi) and 6.2 MPa (900 psi),respectively. The maximum allowable long-term (50-year)tensile strain limit for design shall be 5 %.6.8.
41、2.1 Creep Rupture StrengthSpecimens fabricated inthe same manner and composed of the same materials as thefinished pipe shall have a 50-year creep rupture tensile strengthat 23C (73F) not less than 6.2 MPa (900 psi), whendetermined in accordance with 7.9.6.8.2.2 Creep ModulusSpecimens fabricated in
42、the samemanner and composed of the same materials as the finishedpipe shall have a 50-year tensile creep modulus at 23C (73F)at the stress level of 3.5 MPa (500 psi) not less than 152 MPa(22,000 psi). The creep modulus shall be determined inaccordance with 7.10.TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimens
43、ionsNominalDiameterMean InsideDiameterMinimum Pipe StiffnessStiffness 5% DeflectionMinimum LinerThicknessmm in. mm in. kPa lb/in./in. mm in.150 6 145 5.91 441 64 1.0 0.039200 8 195 7.87 414 60 1.1 0.043225 9 220 8.86 407 59 1.2 0.047250 10 245 9.84 400 58 1.3 0.051300 12 294 11.57 372 54 1.4 0.05537
44、5 15 369 14.51 310 45 1.7 0.067400 16 392 15.43 303 44 1.8 0.071450 18 450 17.72 297 43 1.9 0.074500 20 490 19.29 276 40 2.0 0.079600 24 588 23.15 262 38 2.2 0.087750 30 751 29.56 228 33 2.4 0.094800 32 785 30.91 200 29 2.6 0.102900 36 902 35.49 179 26 2.7 0.1061000 40 985 38.79 179 26 2.9 0.1141050
45、 42 1051 41.39 172 25 3.2 0.1261200 48 1185 46.65 152 22 3.5 0.1381500 60 1501 59.10 138 20 4.0 0.157F2947 123NOTE 4The 50-year creep rupture strength and 50-year creep modulusvalues, determined by the test methods in 7.9 and 7.10, are used to definethe slope of the logarithmic regression curves to
46、describe the requiredmaterial properties sampled from the product. They are not to beinterpreted as service life limits.7. Test Methods7.1 Conditioning:7.1.1 Referee TestingWhen conditioning is required forreferee tests, condition the specimens in accordance withProcedure A of Practice D618 at 23 6
47、2C 73.4 6 3.6F fornot less than 40 h prior to test. Conduct tests under the sameconditions of temperature. The random selection of the sampleor samples of the pipe and fittings shall be as agreed uponbetween the owner and the seller. In case of no prior agree-ment, any sample selected by the testing
48、 laboratory shall bepermitted.7.1.2 Quality Control TestingCondition specimens for aminimum of 4 h prior to test in air or1hinwater at 23 6 2C73.4 6 3.6F without regard to relative humidity.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests other than those forroutine quality control purposes in the standard laborato
49、ryatmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F, in the referenced testmethod or in this specification.7.3 Dimensions:7.3.1 Inside DiameterMeasure the inside diameter inaccordance with Test Method D2122.7.3.2 Laying LengthMeasure pipe laying length in accor-dance with Test Method D2122. These measurements may betaken at ambient temperature.7.3.3 Minimum Inner-Liner ThicknessMeasure the thick-ness of the inner liner in accordance with Test Method D2122.Each specimen shall be cut perpendicular to the seam line ofthe pipe directly
