1、Designation: F2959 16Standard Practice forAerial Adventure Courses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design,Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Auditingand Major Modification of Aerial Adventure Courses whi
3、choccur(s) after the effective date of publication of this documentexcept as noted in 1.3.1.2 This practice applies to the following devices whenoperated for concession or commercial recreation:1.2.1 Zip Lines.1.2.2 Ropes Courses.1.2.3 Challenge Courses.1.2.4 Aerial Trekking Courses.1.2.5 Canopy Tou
4、rs.1.2.6 Manufactured Climbing Walls.1.3 This practice shall not apply to the following:1.3.1 Aerial Adventure Courses when operated exclusivelyunder the following applications:1.3.1.1 Educational curriculum.1.3.1.2 Physical fitness purposes.1.3.1.3 Organized competitive events.1.3.1.4 Therapeutic p
5、rograms.1.3.1.5 Training purposes.1.3.1.6 Team and confidence building.1.3.1.7 Playground equipment covered by Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487.1.3.2 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standard.1.3.3 Portions of an Aerial Adventu
6、re Course unaffected bya major modification.1.3.4 Upgrades to electrical wiring, electrical motors andelectrical components of Aerial Adventure Courses providedthe original design and safety criteria are maintained orenhanced.1.3.5 Pre-existing designs forAerialAdventure Courses thatare installed af
7、ter the publication date of this practice if thedesign is service proven or previously compliant as specifiedby 1.3.5.1.1.3.5.1 Aerial Adventure Course designs may qualify as“previously compliant” for five years following the date ofpublication of this practice. Thereafter, an Aerial AdventureCourse
8、 design must qualify as “service proven” as defined inPractice F2291 or meet the requirements of this practice.1.4 This practice includes an annex (mandatory), whichprovides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the
9、users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The annex informationshall be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.5 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),which provides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, draw
10、ings, commentary, and soforth.) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The appendix informa-tion shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
11、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
12、2F747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amu
13、sement Rides and DevicesF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Play-ground Equipment for Public Use1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.61 onAdventure Attractions.Current edition
14、 approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2959 14. DOI:10.1520/F2959-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
15、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1772 Specification
16、 for Harnesses for Rescue, Safety, andSport ActivitiesF1957 Test Method for Composite Foam Hardness-Durometer HardnessF2137 Practice for Measuring the Dynamic Characteristicsof Amusement Rides and DevicesF2291 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and DevicesF2375 Practice for Design, Manufacture, I
17、nstallation andTesting of Climbing Nets and Netting/Mesh used inAmusement Rides, Devices, Play Areas and AttractionsF2974 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI B77 Passenger Ropeways - Aerial Tramways, AerialLifts, Surface Lifts, Tows and Conveyors - Safety Re-quirem
18、entsANSI Z359 Fall Protection Code2.3 European Standard:5EN 12277 Mountaineering equipment - Harnesses - Safetyrequirements and test methods2.4 NFPA Standard:6NFPA 1983 Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipmentfor Emergency Services2.5 UIAA Standard:7UIAA 105 Mountaineering and Climbing Equipment:
19、Har-nesses3. Terminology3.1 Terminology shall be in accordance with TerminologyF747.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerial trekking course, nself-guided aerial adventurecourse containing elements intended to be obstacles.3.2.2 canopy tour, naerial adventure course which pro-
20、vides patron access to the canopy of a forest.3.2.3 challenge course, nguided aerial adventure coursecontaining elements intended to be obstacles.3.2.4 ropes course, nsynonym for a challenge course.3.2.5 zip line, nan aerial adventure course element over anopen span consisting of an inclined wire or
21、 fiber rope on whichharnessed patron(s) suspended from a pulley or trolley are ableto traverse with the primary force for propulsion being gravity.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 AAC, naerial adventure course3.3.2 PSE, npersonal safety equipment4. Significance and Use4.1 The rational for developing a separa
22、te standard practiceforAerialAdventure Courses is based on the unique functional,operational and patron participation requirements when com-pared to amusement rides and devices.4.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers,manufacturers, constructors, system integrators, owners/operators,
23、 and auditors with criteria and references for use inthe design, manufacture, construction, installation, integration,operation, maintenance, auditing, and major modification ofAerial Adventure Courses.4.3 Unless this practice expressly provides otherwise in aparticular provision, the term “Aerial A
24、dventure Course” is tobe used in place of “Amusement Rides and Devices” herein.5. Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection, andTraining Requirements5.1 Ownership, operation, maintenance, inspection, andtraining requirements for aerial adventure courses shall be inaccordance with Practice F770,
25、and the exceptions and inclu-sions unique to aerial adventure courses. For convenience, allof these inclusions and exceptions have been incorporated intoPractice F770 and are shown below.5.2 Changes to common terms in Practice F770-15 are:5.2.1 Replace the term “amusement rides and devices” with“aer
26、ial adventure courses,”5.2.2 Replace the terms “amusement ride or device” or “rideor device” with “aerial adventure course,”5.2.3 Replace the term “ride analysis” with “deviceanalysis,”5.2.4 Replace the term “passenger” with “patron,”5.2.5 Replace the term “riders” with “patrons,” and5.2.6 Replace t
27、he term “rider” with “patron.”5.3 Significance and UseThe purpose of this practice is todelineate information and to establish procedures for theoperation, maintenance, inspection, and training of aerialadventure courses.5.4 Owner/Operators Responsibility:5.4.1 The owner/operator shall develop a pro
28、gram withnecessary tasks and training to operate, maintain, and inspectthe aerial adventure course, as designed. The program shallinclude, but not be limited to:5.4.1.1 An operations program as outlined in 5.5,5.4.1.2 A maintenance program as outlined in 5.6,5.4.1.3 An inspection program as outlined
29、 in 5.7, and5.4.1.4 A training program as outlined in 5.8.5.5 Operations Program:5.5.1 Operating DocumentEach owner/operator shall pre-pare an operating document for each aerial adventure course orelement based on the recommended instructions and specifi-cations provided by the manufacturer. This op
30、erating documentshall be made available to each aerial adventure courseoperator and attendant. The operating document shall include,but not be limited to:5.5.1.1 Specific operation policies and procedures withpertinent information from the manufacturers instructions,including, but not limited to:(1)
31、 Description of the aerial adventure course operation;4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen
32、.eu.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.7Available from International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA),61 Postfach CH-3000 Bern 23 Switzerland, http:/www.theuiaa.org/index.php.F2959 162(2) Specific du
33、ties of the assigned operator(s) and atten-dant(s) position(s) of the aerial adventure course;(3) General safety procedures;(4) Instructions on specific procedures to follow in theevent of unusual conditions or an interruption of operation,including an evacuation plan outlined in 5.5.2;(5) Additiona
34、l instructions from the owner/operator; and(6) The owner/operator shall also consider environmentalcondition(s) including, but not limited to, wind, rain, ice, andlightning when developing operating procedures.5.5.1.2 Specific emergency procedures in the event of anabnormal condition or interruption
35、 in service.5.5.2 Evacuation PlanThe owner/operator shall have andmaintain an evacuation plan for each aerial adventure course.5.5.2.1 The owner/operator shall consider:(1) Standard load/unload area evacuations are the preferredmethod;(2) Aerial adventure course manufacturers recommenda-tions;(3) Co
36、nditions of the environment that could impact anevacuation;(4) Personnel responsible for performing an evacuation;(5) Notification and cooperation with the outside agenciesand entities intended to participate in an evacuation;(6) Identification and location of equipment to support anevacuation;(7) E
37、quipment that may be required to communicate withpatrons during an evacuation process;(8) Access and egress requirements for personnel andequipment to evacuate the aerial adventure course;(9) Actions required prior to evacuation to prevent inad-vertent motion of the aerial adventure course, patron(s
38、),vehicle(s), carrier(s), and surrounding equipment in the evacu-ation pathway;(10) Order or sequence of evacuation to evacuate patronsefficiently and safely;(11) An appropriate means of egress for evacuees;(12) Removal of patrons unable to assist in their ownevacuation because of disability, medica
39、l conditions, or otherreasons.; and(13) Procedures for arranging medical assistance as re-quired during an evacuation.5.5.2.2 The owner/operator shall provide and documenttraining on the evacuation plan.5.5.2.3 The owner/operator shall periodically review theevacuation plan and make adjustments as n
40、eeded.5.5.2.4 The evacuation plan shall include an access plan forperforming evacuation, first aid and ground care of evacuatedpatrons.5.5.3 Denying EntryThe owner/operator of an aerial ad-venture course may deny entry to the aerial adventure course toany person, if in the opinion of the owner/opera
41、tor the entrymay cause above normal exposure to risk of discomfort orinjury to the person who desires to enter, or if in the opinion ofthe owner/operator the entry may jeopardize the safety of otherpatrons or employees.5.5.3.1 Aerial adventure course operators should be givenguidelines on the specia
42、l considerations concerning patronsize, and the special considerations applicable to physicallydisabled and mentally impaired patrons, related to their par-ticular aerial adventure course.5.5.4 SignageSigns presented by the owner/operator forinstruction to the public shall be prominently placed and,
43、 boldin design, with wording short, simple, and to the point.5.5.4.1 Signs to display operational instructions orrequirements, or both, for use of the aerial adventure coursemay be posted at the waiting/loading area or other appropriatelocation and may include height, weight and other essentialrequi
44、rements and other duties and obligations of the patronssuch as but not limited to those listed in 5.9.5.5.4.2 Entrances to machinery rooms or restricted areas, orboth should be posted when necessary to warn unauthorizedpersons not to enter.5.6 Maintenance Program:5.6.1 Maintenance DocumentsEach owne
45、r/operator of anaerial adventure course shall read and become familiar with thecontents of the designer/engineer, manufacturer, and trainingentitys maintenance instructions and specifications when re-ceived. Based on the designer/engineer, manufacturer, andtraining entitys requirements, each owner/o
46、perator shallimplement a program of maintenance, testing, and inspectionproviding for the duties and responsibilities necessary in thecare of each aerial adventure course. This program of mainte-nance shall include a checklist to be made available to eachperson performing the regularly scheduled mai
47、ntenance oneach aerial adventure course. The owner/operators checklist(on an aerial adventure course basis) shall include, but not belimited to:5.6.1.1 Description of preventive maintenance assignmentsto be performed;5.6.1.2 Description of inspections to be performed;5.6.1.3 Special safety instructi
48、ons, where applicable;5.6.1.4 The inspection criteria requirements, frequency, andretirement criteria shall be developed for the aerial adventurecourse components, including, but not limited to:(1) Wire rope;(a) Wire rope shall be subject to detailed visual inspectionat regularly established interva
49、ls based on usage, but not toexceed one year by a qualified wire rope inspector, or imme-diately after any event possibly affecting the integrity of thewire rope. The following items shall be considered in deter-mining the continued use of the wire rope: Broken wires, Displaced or loose wire, Physical damage at impact areas on wire rope, Visual inspection of impact areas on zip lines, Diameter ReductionOriginal diameter of wire ropeshall be recorded at time of commissioning and recorded foruse in determining subsequent diameter reduction calculations,a
