1、Designation: F2986 12 An American National StandardStandard Specification forCorrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings for MineLeachate Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methodsfor materials, workmanship
3、, dimensions, perforations, pipestiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality ofextruded polyethylene, brittleness, testing, and marking ofcorrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for mine drain-age and leachate collection and transmission pipe. It coversnominal sizes 3 in. (75 m
4、m), 4 in. (100 mm), 6 in. (150 mm),8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm) 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375mm), 18 in. (450 mm) and 24 in. (600 mm) diameter.1.2 This specification covers single profile wall, annularextruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 1,and double wall, annular extruded cor
5、rugated polyethylenepipe as depicted in Fig. 2.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat
6、 pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the
7、applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2412 Test M
8、ethod for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings Mater
9、ialsD3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by Differential Scanning CalorimetryF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pi
10、pe2.2 Federal Standards:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Practicesfor Design, Construction, Problem Identification andEvaluation, Inspection, Maintenance, Renovation, andRepair2.3 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment an
11、d Storage3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions used in this specification are inaccordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are inaccordance with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise speci-fied. The abbreviation for polyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
12、 creasea deformation that cannot be removed like adent: generally associated with wall buckling.3.2.2 leachingminerals are removed (leached) from oresthat have been mined, crushed, and placed on impervious padsfor removal (by chemical leaching) by percolation of thesolution through the ore, and coll
13、ection of that solution at thebottom of the heap leach pile.3.2.3 splitany break or crack that extends through thewall.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.65 on LandDrainage.Current edition ap
14、proved Nov. 15, 2012. Published January 2013. DOI: 10.1520/F2986-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
15、ebsite.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product ma
16、de to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately describe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Perforations:4.1.2.1 With perforations,4.1.2.2 Without perforations,4.1.3 Diameters,4.1.4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.5 P
17、ipe laying length,4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Significance and Use5.1 Corrugated PE pipe and fittings in this standard areintended for deep underground applications under harsh chemi-ca
18、l exposure from a corrosive effluent where they serve asleachate pipe under a mine heap or dump leaching process.Their major use is to collect or convey ore leachate to a facilityfor processing and extraction of the desired metal or mineral.Heap leaching is used to extract copper, gold, lead, nickel
19、,silver, uranium, or zinc. The solution may be either acidic oralkaline, depending on the metal being extracted.6. Materials6.1 Pipe and FittingsThe pipe and fittings shall be madeof virgin PE plastic compound meeting the requirements ofSpecification D3350 cell classification 435400C or 435400E,exce
20、pt that carbon black content shall be equal to or greaterthan 2.0 % but not exceed 3.0 %. Compounds that have ahigher cell classification in one or more performance propertiesshall be permitted if all other product requirements are met. Forslow crack-growth resistance, resins shall be evaluated usin
21、gthe notched constant ligament stress (NCLS) test according tothe procedure described in 9.12. Samples shall be taken fromthe extruded pipe supplied to the project. The average failuretime of the five test specimens shall exceed 24 h with no singletest specimens failure time less than 17 h. Samples
22、taken fromthe extruded pipe supplied to the project shall have a minimumOxidative-Induction-Time of 20 minutes when tested in accor-dance with Test Method D3895.6.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material, generatedfrom the manufacturers own production of this product, maybe used by the manufacturer pr
23、ovided that the tubing andfittings produced meet all requirements of this specification.7. General Requirements7.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free ofcracks, holes
24、, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect thewall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holesintentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable.7.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction toflow i
25、n perforations or in pipe, are not permissible.7.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:7.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings for single profile wall and double profile wall shall bethe minimum inside diameter as shown in Table 1 and Table 2,respectively, rounded to the closest whole numbe
26、r.7.2.2 Inside DiameterThe actual inside diameter forsingle profile wall and double profile wall shall be theminimum inside diameter with a +4.5 % or 0 % tolerancewhen measured in accordance with 9.3 and as shown in Table1 and Table 2, respectively.NOTE 1The outside diameters and the corrugation pit
27、ch of productsmanufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the samemanufacturer shall be verified.FIG. 1 Typical Single Wall Profile Cross-SectionFIG. 2 Typical Double Wall Profile Cross-SectionF2986 1227.2.
28、3 Minimum Crest, Liner, Wall ThicknessThe minimumwall thickness of the pipe crest shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 1 when measured in accordance with 9.4. Theminimum wall thickness of the valley and liner shall meet therequirements given in Table 2 when measured in accordancewith 9.4.7.2.4
29、LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in any lengthagreeable to both the owner and the manufacturer. Length shallnot be less than 99 % of stated quantity when measured inaccordance with 9.5.7.2.5 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut, placedin the valley of the corrugation rib, and uniformly spac
30、ed alongthe length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of theperforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be aslisted in Table 3. Other perforation dimensions and configura-tions shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs ofthe specifier. All measurements shall be made i
31、n accordancewith 9.6. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints shall not beperforated in the area of the bells and spigots.NOTE 2For perforated pipe applications, the size of the embedmentzone and permeability of the embedment material provide the desiredlevel of infiltration or inflow. The gradatio
32、n and compaction of theembedment material shall be compatible with the perforation size to avoidembedment backfill migration into the pipe.7.3 Pipe StiffnessThe pipe shall have a minimum pipestiffness at 5 % deflection for single wall and double wall asshown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively, whe
33、n tested inaccordance with 9.7. Two pipe stiffness classes, standard andXS, are produced for 3 in. 6 in. (75 mm through 150 mm)diameters in Table 1.TABLE 1 Single Wall Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsMinimumInsideDiameterMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimum XS PipeStiffness at 5 %Deflecti
34、onMinimumCrestThicknessin. mm lbs/in/in kPa lbs/in/in kPa in. mm3 75 50 345 70 480 0.025 0.644 100 50 345 70 480 0.025 0.645 125 50 345 65 450 0.027 0.696 150 50 345 60 415 0.028 0.718 200 50 345 0.036 0.9110 250 50 345 0.048 1.2212 300 50 345 0.071 1.8015 375 42 290 0.087 2.2118 450 40 275 0.120 3.
35、0524 600 34 235 0.120 3.05TABLE 2 Double Wall Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsMinimumInsideDiameterMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimumValleyThicknessMinimumLinerThicknessin. mm lbs/in/in kPa in. mm in. mm3 75 50 345 0.025 0.64 0.020 0.54 100 50 345 0.025 0.64 0.020 0.55 125 50 345 0.027
36、0.69 0.020 0.56 150 50 345 0.028 0.71 0.020 0.58 200 50 345 0.036 0.91 0.024 0.610 250 50 345 0.048 1.22 0.024 0.612 300 50 345 0.071 1.80 0.035 0.915 375 42 290 0.087 2.21 0.040 1.018 450 40 275 0.120 3.05 0.051 1.324 600 34 235 0.120 3.05 0.060 1.5TABLE 3 Perforation DimensionsMinimum Inside Diame
37、terType of PerforationCircularMaximum Diameter Minimum Inlet Areain. mm in. mm in2/ft cm2/m3 75 0.187 4.75 1.0 204 100 0.187 4.75 1.0 205 125 0.187 4.75 1.0 206 150 0.187 4.75 1.0 208 200 0.256 6.25 1.0 2010 250 0.315 8.00 1.0 2012 300 0.375 10.0 1.5 3015 375 0.375 10.0 1.5 3018 450 0.375 10.0 1.5 3
38、024 600 0.375 10.0 2.0 40F2986 1237.4 ElongationFor single wall pipe only; continuouslyextruded pipe that elongates more than 5 %, but less than 10 %,when tested in accordance with 9.8, shall meet the require-ments of 7.3 when tested in accordance with 9.9. Pipe thatelongates more than 10 % shall be
39、 rejected.7.5 BrittlenessPipe and fitting specimens shall be tested inaccordance with 9.11.7.6 BondThe bond between layers of spirally laminatedpipe shall be strong and uniform. There shall be no separationof layers when the pipe is deflected 20 %, in accordance withTest Method D2412, nor shall it b
40、e possible to separate thelayers with the point of a knife when the pipe is in the deflectedcondition.NOTE 3This test may be conducted as a continuation of pipe stiffnesstesting as specified in 9.7.7.7 Fitting Requirements:7.7.1 The fittings shall not reduce or impair the overallintegrity or functio
41、n of the pipe line.NOTE 4Common corrugated fittings include in-line joint fittings, suchas tees, Ys, reducers, couplers, elbows, and end caps. These fittings areinstalled internally or externally by various methods, such as snap-on,V-insertion, screw-on, or wrap around.NOTE 5Some corrugated fittings
42、 will not fit all pipe. Only fittingssupplied or recommended by the pipe manufacturer should be used.7.7.2 Joints made with couplers, installed in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions, shall not separate whentested in accordance with 9.10.7.7.3 Fitting specimens shall not crack or split whe
43、n testedin accordance with 9.11.8. Sampling and Retest8.1 SamplingSamples of pipe and fittings sufficient todetermine conformance with this specification shall be taken atrandom from stock or from the project site by the testingagency. Samples shall be representative of the product typeunder conside
44、ration. A minimum of one sample shall be takenfor every 1,000 meters of pipe length supplied on a project.8.2 Retest and RejectionIf any test failure occurs, the pipeor fitting may be retested to establish conformity. The test shallbe repeated on two additional samples from the same lot orshipment.
45、If either of these two additional samples fail, the pipeor fitting does not comply with this specification.9. Test Methods9.1 Conditioning Test SpecimensCondition the specimenprior to test at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for not less than 40 h prior to the test, in accordancew
46、ith Procedure A in Practice D618 for those tests whereconditioning is required, unless otherwise specified.9.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in laboratory atmo-sphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity, unless otherwise specified.9.3 Inside DiameterMeasure the inside diameter of t
47、hree1 ft. (300-mm) specimens, with any suitable device accurate to0.8 mm 6132 in., at two positions, namely, the block seamand 90 from the block seams, and average the six measure-ments.9.4 Minimum Crest and Liner Wall ThicknessMeasure thethickness of the crest, valley and liner (when applicable) wa
48、llthickness in accordance with Test Method D2122. Each speci-men shall be cut perpendicular to the seam line of the pipedirectly through a corrugation allowing a plain view of theinner wall 360 degrees around the circumference in order toobtain a minimum of eight measurements in accordance withTest
49、Method D2122 As an alternative to Test Method D2122minimum liner thickness is allowed to be determined with theuse of a calibrated ultrasonic thickness gauge.NOTE 6Test Method D2122 also permits the use of alternate mea-surement methods such as ultrasonic gauges.9.5 LengthMeasure pipe with any suitable device accurateto 6132 in. in 10 ft (1 mm in 3 m). Make all measurements onthe pipe while it is resting on a relatively flat surface, in astraight line, with no external tensile or compressive forcesexerted on the pipe.9.6 PerforationsMeas
