1、Designation: F3070 14Standard Guide forEvaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesrequired for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.1.2 Area search dog crews or teams p
3、erform searches on thesurface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas,as well as mountainous terrain, and alpine environments.1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area searchdog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpineenvironments, or underground.1.3 This gu
4、ide does not include the knowledge, skills, andabilities required to search in partially or fully collapsedstructures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland oroceanic.1.4 Area search dog crews or teams trained to meet therequirements of this guide may operate in urban and disasterareas that
5、 may be isolated, or have lost their infrastructure.1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work underqualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.1.6 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for howan area search dog crew or team functions.1.7 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to
6、 be members ofType I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, asdefined in Classification F1993:1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),1.7.2 Kind B (Urban),1.7.3 Kind C (Mountainous),1.7.4 Kind G (Cave),1.7.5 Kind H (Mine),1.7.6 Kind I (Avalanche),1.7.7 Kind K (Aircraft), and1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).
7、1.8 Further training may be required before an area searchdog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type andKind of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations,or policies.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
8、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF1847 Guide for Minimum Training o
9、f Search Dog Crews orTeamsF1848 Classification System for Canine Search ResourcesF1879 Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility inSearch and Rescue Dogs (Withdrawn 2014)3F1993 Classification System of Human Search and RescueResources (Withdrawn 2014)3F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team
10、 MemberF2685 Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader(STL)F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book(PTB)F3072 Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use(GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement2.2 Other References:SWGDOG approved guideline SC1 TERMINOLOGY(abcdefghijk)Work Capacity Testing
11、 for Wildland Firefighters, The UnitedStates Department of Agriculture (March 2002)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air scent dog, na search dog trained to detect humanscent by air scenting.3.1.2 air scenting, va search dog action whereby a dogattempts to detect the presence of human scent in air
12、 currentsand, if found, follow that airborne scent to its source.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. DOI:10.
13、1520/F3070-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical s
14、tandard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 area search, vthe act of using a dog to search adesignated area for a target odor.3.1.4 decoy, na person in the search area who does notmatch t
15、he target odor.3.1.5 scent, vthe act of providing the odor or smell of thesearch subject to a scent-discriminating search dog.3.1.6 search dog team (search dog crew), na single dogand handler (and support personnel if used) that operate in thefield as a single resource.3.1.7 trail, na manmade footpa
16、th used for hiking,walking, biking, etc. that traverses a non-urban area of land.3.1.8 training log, na search dog handlers written recordwhich documents all personal and canine training, includingexercises and missions.3.2 Terminology not defined in this classification, but in-cluded in this guide,
17、 may be found in Guide F1847 andReference SWGDOG SC1.4. Significance and Use4.1 An area search dog crew or team is required to have, ata minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined withinthis document.4.1.1 An area search dog crew or team which meets therequirements in this guide is a Can
18、ine Search Resource of thecategory Area Search Dog as defined in F1848 StandardClassification System for Canine Search Resources.4.1.2 Additional differentiation of the specific CanineSearch Resource is defined in F1848 Standard ClassificationSystem for Canine Search Resources.4.2 This guide only es
19、tablishes the minimum knowledge,skills, and abilities required for an area search dog crew orteam to perform area searches. No other skills are included orimplied.4.3 This guide is an outline of the topics required fortraining or evaluating an area search dog team or crew, andmay be used to assist i
20、n the development of a trainingdocument or program.4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document todetermine if its content includes the topics necessary fortraining area search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guidecan be used to evaluate an existing training program to see ifit meets the req
21、uirements in this guide.4.5 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in thisguide are not in any particular order and do not represent atraining sequence.4.6 Though this guide establishes minimum trainingrequirements, it does not imply that an area search dog team orcrew is a “trainee,” “proba
22、tionary,” or other similarly termedpart of an organization.4.6.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the require-ments and qualifications for its member ratings.4.7 An area search dog crew or team shall documenttraining by completion of a position task book, compliant withASTM F3068, or by field
23、demonstration under qualifiedsupervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must bedemonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstratedfor initial qualification, and then as often as required by theAHJ.5. General Knowledge5.1 The handler and the canine members of a search dogcrew or
24、team shall meet the requirements of ASTM F1847Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Search Dog Crews orTeams.5.2 The canine member of a search dog crew or team shallmeet the requirements of ASTM F1879 Standard Guide forBasic Obedience and Agility Skills for A Search Dog.5.3 The canine handler shall
25、 have anASTM F3072 StandardGuide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement.6. Handler Specific Area Search Skills and Abilities6.1 The handler shall be competent in the application ofcommon effectors of air scent dynamics to area search,including but not limited to:6.1.1 We
26、ather,6.1.2 Topography,6.1.3 Time of day,6.1.4 Season, and6.1.5 Scent Source Duration, i.e., the amount of time thesubject has been in place.6.2 The handler shall be competent in the recognition andprediction of air scent movement through topography and thelocal flora for the operational area that t
27、he dog team typicallyworks.6.3 The handler shall be able to develop an effectivestrategy to search the area based on topography, environment,and the overall mission goals.6.4 The AHJ shall determine the physical performancerequirements for dog teams members and develop appropriateperformance measure
28、ments.6.4.1 The recommended minimum physical performancerequirements for canine handlers fielding as a member of anArea Search Dog Crew or Team is the “Moderate” level asdefined in “Work Capacity Testing for Wildland Firefighters”(Appendix X2), or meet the fitness requirements specified bythe AHJ.6.
29、5 The handler shall be competent in debriefing relative tothe Area Search Dog Crews or Teams performance duringtheir operational period.7. Specific Skills and Abilities for Area Search DogCrews or Teams7.1 Area search dog crew or team shall demonstrate theability to operate safely, effectively, and
30、efficiently for theminimum operational period based on the Type of the dog crewor team as set forth inASTM F1848 Standard Classification forSearch and Rescue Dog Teams.7.2 Area search dog crews or teams shall demonstratecompetency at a frequency identified by the AHJ.F3070 1427.3 Area search dog cre
31、ws or teams shall be able to operatein all seasons in the normal area of operations.7.4 Area search dog crews or teams shall demonstrate theability to quickly and efficiently locate one or more subjectsusing air scenting during area search during the day.7.4.1 Scent-specific Area Search Dog Teams or
32、 Crews shalldemonstrate the ability to locate a single target subject with aminimum of two (2) decoy subjects in the search area andwhere the dog does not alert on the decoys.7.4.2 Non Area Search Dog Teams or Crews shall demon-strate the ability to locate at minimum two subjects in thesearch area.7
33、.4.3 The search area shall be approximately 160 acres (65hectares), adjusted in accordance with the National Search DogAlliance (NSDA) DaytimeAcreageAdjustment Chart, Decem-ber 19, 2008, (Annex A1) to account for variations intemperature, vegetation, terrain, wind, cloud cover, time ofday, and numbe
34、r of people in the area.7.4.4 The subject(s) must be located in 3 hours or less.7.4.5 The terrain in the test area shall be representative ofthat in the area search dog crew or teams normal area ofoperation.7.5 Area search dog crews or teams shall demonstrate theability to quickly and efficiently lo
35、cate one or more subjectsusing air scenting during area search at night.7.5.1 Scent-specific Area Dog Teams shall demonstrate theability to locate a single target subject in the search area.7.5.2 Non Scent-specificArea Dog Teams shall demonstratethe ability to locate a single subject in the search a
36、rea.7.5.3 The search area shall be approximately 40 acres (16hectares), adjusted in accordance with the NSDA NighttimeAcreageAdjustment Chart, December 19, 2008, (AnnexA2)toaccount for variations in temperature, vegetation, terrain, andwind.7.5.4 The subject must be located in 2 hours or less.7.5.5
37、The terrain in the test area shall be representative ofthat in the area search dog crews or teams normal area ofoperations.7.5.6 When testing scent-specific dog teams or crews, thereshall be at least one decoy in the test area and the dog shall notalert on the decoy(s).7.6 Area search dog crews or t
38、eams shall demonstrate theability to quickly and efficiently locate a subject near anestablished trail using air scenting.7.6.1 The subject must be located in 2 hours or less.7.6.2 The test area shall be a trail approximately 1 mile(1.6 kilometers) long in moderate terrain representative ofthat in t
39、he area search dog crews or teams normal area ofoperations, where the air flow is limited by vegetation.7.6.3 The search subject shall be hidden within 3050 feet(915 m) of the trail.7.6.4 The dog team shall be limited to one pass down thetrail and back , i.e., from start point to end point, and back
40、 tothe start point.7.6.5 The handler shall remain within approximately 100feet (30 m) of the established trail.7.6.6 The subject must be located in 1 hours or less.7.7 Area search dog crews or teams shall demonstrate thefollowing in the field:7.7.1 The handler and canine operate effectively as a tea
41、m.7.7.1.1 The canine consistently reacts to target scent duringthe search.7.7.1.2 The handler observes and correctly interprets thecanines signals and behavior.7.7.1.3 The canine and handler remain on task over pro-longed periods in a search area that contains few or no positivescent sources.7.7.2 T
42、he handler recognizes areas where the target scent isnot present.8. Record Keeping8.1 The handler shall maintain complete and accurate train-ing and deployment logs for each canine team.8.2 These logs must be made available for inspection andreview upon the request of the AHJ.8.3 TheAHJ shall determ
43、ine the requirements for the teamstraining and mission logs. It is recommended that each trainingand mission log contain, at minimum, the following informa-tion:8.3.1 Date, time, and duration of all training exercises,8.3.2 General weather conditions,8.3.3 General environmental conditions,8.3.4 Gene
44、ral location,8.3.5 General training scenario and results, and8.3.6 Issues identified and planned corrective actions.9. Keywords9.1 air scent; area search; canine; dog; training logF3070 143ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. NSDA DAYTIME ACREAGE ADJUSTMENT CHARTA1.1 See Table A1.1 for the NSDA Daytime
45、 AcreageAdjustment Chart.A1.2 No tests should be given when conditions reach theDanger, Extreme Danger or Frostbite zones (see Fig. A1.1). Atthe discretion of the Evaluator, tests may also be cancelled inother extreme wind or weather conditions.TABLE A1.1 National Search Dog Alliance: Daytime Acreag
46、e Adjustment ChartCheck ONE box in each row using your best estimate for the average conditions that will exist during the test.All ratings to be made at the start of the test based on average predicted conditions: do not alter acreage if conditions change during the course of the test.CONDITIONSAEX
47、CELLENTBGOODCFAIRDPOORHeat Stress/Wind ChillIndexesh 10 to 70F h 71 to 82F h 83 to 89Fh 0to10Fh over 90FAh below 0FAGround Cover h 81% or more open(i.e., almost all of the area isopen fields or woodland. Gridsearches are readily possiblegiven the type and density ofground cover.)h 6580% open(i.e., a
48、 significant portion ofthe area is easily passablebut there are areas of densecover. Most portions of thearea can be gridded.)h 2564% easily passable(i.e., a significant portion ofthe area is covered in densebrush, heavy snow or otherobstructions but there areopen portions. Many sectionscannot be gr
49、idded.)h Less than 25% open(i.e., nearly all of the area iscovered in dense brush,heavy snow, or otherobstructions. Most areascannot be gridded.)Elevation Change(high point versus low pointor cumulative per 160-Acres)h Level(less than 100 feet change)h Mild climbs(100299 feet)h Moderate climbs(300500 feet)h Significant climbs(over 500 feet)Passersby(number of hikers, joggers,etc. in area)h None h 1/day to 3/hour h More than 4/hourWind h Strong breeze(7 or more mph, but not agaleA)h Moderate breeze(67 mph)h Light breeze(45 mph)h No or little wind
