1、Designation: F3095 14Standard Practice forLaser Technologies for Direct Measurement of CrossSectional Shape of Pipeline and Conduit by Rotating LaserDiodes and CCTV Camera System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the post ins
3、talla-tion verification and acceptance of buried pipe deformationusing a visible rotating laser light diode(s), a pipeline andconduit inspection analog or digital CCTV camera system andimage processing software. The combination CCTV pipeinspection system, with cable distance counter or onboarddistan
4、ce encoder, rotating laser light diode(s) and ovalitymeasurement software shall be used to perform a pipe mea-surement and ovality confirmation survey, of new or existingpipelines and conduits as directed by the responsible contract-ing authority.1.2 This practice applies to all types of material, a
5、ll types ofconstruction, or shape.1.3 This practice applies to gravity flow storm sewers,drains, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diametersfrom 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm). The pipe shall bepre-cleaned and free of debris that would prevent the CCTVcamera and laser diode assembly, shown in
6、Fig. 1, frommoving through the pipe, or adversely affect the accuracy ofthe survey. Flow or debris, within the line, shall be less than10 % of the nominal pipe diameter or 6 in. (150 mm) in depthwhichever is the lesser.1.4 The Laser Light Diode(s) shall be tested, labeled andcertified to conform to
7、US requirements for CDRH Class 2 orbelow (not considered to be hazardous) laser products orcertified to conform to EU requirements for Class 2M or belowlaser products as per IEC 60825-1, or both.1.5 The profiling process may require physical access tolines, entry manholes and operations along roadwa
8、ys that mayinclude safety hazards.1.6 This practice includes inspection requirements for de-termining pipeline and conduit ovality only and does notinclude all the required components of a complete inspection.The user of this practice should consider additional itemsoutside this practice for inspect
9、ion such as joint gapmeasurement, soil/water infiltration, crack and holemeasurement, surface damage evaluation, evaluation of anypipeline repairs, and corrosion evaluation.1.7 This standard practice does not address limitations inaccuracy due to improper lighting, dust, humidity, fog, mois-ture on
10、pipe walls or horizontal/vertical offsets. Care should betaken to limit environmental factors in the pipeline that affectaccuracy of the inspection.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that ar
11、e provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
12、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. There are no safetyhazards specifically, however, associated with the use of thelaser profiler specified (listed and labeled as specified in 1.3).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM T
13、est MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated TubeF2019 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by
14、 the Pulled in Place Installation of GlassReinforced Plastic (GRP) Cured-in-Place ThermosettingResin Pipe (CIPP)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on Inspection and Renewal of Wa
15、ter and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. DOI:10.1520/F3095-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
16、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Other Documents:IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: EquipmentClassification and Requirements, Jan 20113CDRH Regulat
17、ions CFR 21, Section I, Subchapter J, Parts1002 to 1040.1143. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 authority, nparty reasonable for the generation andverification of performance to job specification(s) and contractrequirements.3.1.2 barrel distortion, ndistortion of an
18、 image producedby an optical system that causes straight lines at image marginsto bulge outwards.3.1.3 CCTV, na closed circuit pipeline and conduit inspec-tion television system including a camera, camera transporter,integrated lighting, central control system, video monitor andrecording device.3.1.
19、4 CCTV camera transporter, nthe device that providesmobility for the CCTV camera to move up and down the pipealignment once it enters the inside of the pipe throughmanholes and/or other access openings.3.1.5 CCTV pipeline and conduit inspection system,nCCTV inspection system is composed of CCTV came
20、ra,the transporter, controller, video recording unit, and at times itsown power.3.1.6 computer, nan electronic machine that performsrapid, complex calculations, correlates the processed data,generates imaging and corresponding alpha numeric informa-tion.3.1.7 curvature, nthe reciprocal of the radius
21、 of the innersurface at a location along the perimeter of the noncircularshaped pipe, culvert or conduit.3.1.8 laser, na solid state device that produces a mono-chromatic and coherent beam of visible light in an intense,narrow beam.3.1.9 laser light diode, na mobile, certified “eye safe”laser light
22、source and internal optics capable of projecting anarrow beam of laser light onto an internal pipe wall in pipesfrom 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm) in diameter regardless ofmaterial, design, or shape.3.1.10 laser profile, nthe spatial intensity profile of a laserbeam at a particular plane transverse t
23、o the beam propagationpath.3.1.11 laser profile calibration software, nsoftware cre-ated to determine and store the calibration values collectedfrom the laser profile calibration unit.3.1.12 laser profile calibration unit, na device to createthe calibration profile of a rotating laser diode camera.
24、Thecamera is placed inside the calibration unit, a target is movedto pre-defined positions along the unit and the resulting seriesof laser measurement values and focal lengths are to be usedwith the profile software.3.1.13 laser profiling equipment, nequipment used inperforming a laser profiling obs
25、ervation.3.1.14 laser profiling survey, na survey composed oftaking measurements of the cross sectional shape of the pipe atvarious stations along its alignment, processing the data usingan appropriate software and producing a condition assessmentreport using laser profiling technology.3.1.15 MTBF,
26、nmean time between failures.3.1.16 ovality, npercentage of shape deflection in circularand noncircular pipes as calculated per Practice F1216 orPractice F2019 as defined in Annex A1.3.1.17 processing or measurement software, na softwareprogram for processing the CCTV images of a laser light on thein
27、ternal surfaces of a pipe while moving through a pipeline orconduit. The speed of travel shall not exceed a maximumestablished rate jointly determined by the user and thecontractor, considering the objectives and the size of the pipeor the conduit or stationary and generating specified reports.3.1.1
28、8 profiling software, nthe software that analyzes thecollected data from a laser profiling effort into deformed crosssectional profiles along the pipe of conduit alignment.4. Significance and Use4.1 Operational experience and independent testing havefully documented that the usable life, maintenance
29、 and failureand mean time between failures (MTBF) in buried storm andwastewater lines can be directly affected by the defects duringmanufacturing, incorrect pipe storage, and improperinstallation, including improper compaction often resulting inthe deformation and physical damage in newly installed,
30、repaired and replaced pipelines. Laser profiling assessment isan effective quality control tool for identifying and quantifyingdeformation, physical damage, and other pipe anomalies afterinstallation, providing valuable means and methods for deter-mining the quality of workmanship and compliance wit
31、hproject specifications. Laser profiling capabilities include:3Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4Available from Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Food andDrug Administratio
32、n, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66-4621, Silver Spring,MD 20993, http:/www.fda.gov.FIG. 1 CCTVRotating Laser Profile Camera in PipeF3095 1424.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectionalarea and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for better pipe rehabilitationor replacement design;
33、 and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new constructionworkmanship verification.4.2 This standard practice provides minimum requirementson means and methods for laser profiling to meet the needs ofengineers, contractors, owners, regulatory agencies and financ-ing institutions.4.3 A laser prof
34、ile pre-acceptance and condition assessmentsurvey shall provide significant information in a clear andconcise manner, including but not limited to graphs and stillframe digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance,thereby providing objective data on the installed quality andpercentage ovalit
35、y, or degree of deformation, deflection ordeviation, that is often not possible from an inspection byeither a mandrel or only CCTV.4.4 This practice applies to gravity flow linesstormsewers, sanitary sewers, combined sewers, siphons, edgedrains, highway drains, and culverts, and to all other pipelin
36、es,ducts and conduits that are made accessible and meet therequirements of 1.3, regardless of shape, design configurationor material. The line shall be free of excess debris andobstructions with a maximum flow level or stagnant water,during laser profiling, not to exceed 10 % of nominal pipediameter
37、 or 6 in. (150 mm) in depth, whichever is the lesser.5. Accuracy and Precision5.1 The accuracy of a measurement system is the degree ofcloseness of measurements of a quantity to that quantitysactual (true) value. The laser light diode system, with theprofiling software, shall be tested and approved,
38、 by an inde-pendent testing agency, and shall include a “Certificate ofAccuracy” equal to or better than 0.5 % of the lower nominalcross sectional dimension. The precision of a measurementsystem, also called reproducibility or repeatability, is thedegree to which repeated measurements under unchange
39、dconditions show the same results. A measurement system canbe accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, orboth. For example, if the data collection method is affected bya systematic error, increasing the number of times the instru-ment is run through the pipe, increases precision
40、but does notimprove accuracy. The result would be consistent yet inaccu-rate results from the flawed method. Eliminating the systematicerror improves accuracy but does not change precision.5.2 The testing of the independent testing agency shall be toa traceable standard of the National Institute of
41、Standards andTechnology (NIST), or equivalent. A minimum of five mea-surements shall be taken and shall result in a standard deviationof 2 (94.7 %) for precision (repeatability) or better.5.3 The longitudinal position of the equipment is measuredby a device in contact with the connection cable, posi
42、tioningcable or rope. The longitudinal location shall be measured towithin an accuracy of 2 % of length between two consecutivejoints; in addition, a tolerance of 2 ft (0.6 m) for the insertionand exit distance between the CCTV and the laser projectionunit shall be allowed in the data and the report
43、s.6. Contract Responsibilities6.1 Apart from the provisions generally included in a testingand certification contract, the laser profiling survey contractshall define and assign responsibilities for the following items:6.2 Access to the survey site to be provided to the extentthat the contracting au
44、thority can provide such access.6.3 The utility owner shall ensure that all lines to be profiledare free of debris, obstructions, and cleaned within 24 h priorto the profiling inspection. Standing or flowing water or debrisshall not exceed 10 % of the nominal pipe diameter, or six (6)in. (150 mm) in
45、 depth, whichever is the lesser.7. Pipeline and Conduit Laser Profiling-Principle ofOperation7.1 Aprofiler shall project visible laser (light) while rotatingaround the internal pipe surface. A pipeline and conduitinspection CCTV analog or digital video camera system shallcontinuously capture the las
46、er image as the laser profile systemis moved through the line. The distance to capture a fullrotation shall be established jointly by the user and thecontractor, by both parties considering the objectives and thesize of the pipe or conduit, neither to exceed a longitudinaltravel speed of 30 ft/min n
47、or exceed the pitch of 4 in. for pipematerials other than those with a corrugated pipe wall. For thepipelines with a corrugated pipe wall, the pitch needed tocapture a 360 degree view shall not exceed the pipe wall pitch(crest to crest of the corrugated pipe wall) or 4 in. whichever issmaller. The h
48、eader of the printed and stored reports shallinclude the distance traveled to capture a 360 degree view ofthe pipeline.7.2 All CCTV video shall be recorded in a digital formatand resolution, assuring acceptable image resolution.7.3 By comparing the known calibrated measurements ofthe laser diodes, t
49、he profiling software shall be able todetermine the distance from the camera to the pipe wall.8. Equipment8.1 The laser profiling equipment, including laser diode(s)and CCTV inspection system, shall be configured and cali-brated by the laser profiling equipment manufacturer, as per thesame specifications of the equipment Certificate of Accuracy.8.2 Only calibration and laser distance software algorithms,as specified by the software manufacturer, shall be used as perthe same specifications of the equipment Certificate of Accu-racy.8.3 The profiling survey sof
