1、Designation: F3095 17F3095 17aStandard Practice forLaser Technologies for Direct Measurement of CrossSectional Shape of Pipeline and Conduit by Rotating LaserDiodes and CCTV Camera System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3095; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the procedure for th
3、e post installation verification and acceptance of buried pipe deformation using avisible rotating laser light diode(s), a pipeline and conduit inspection analog or digital CCTV camera system and image processingsoftware. The combination CCTV pipe inspection system, with cable distance counter or on
4、board distance encoder, rotating laserlight diode(s) and ovality measurement software shall be used to perform a pipe measurement and ovality confirmation survey, ofnew or existing pipelines and conduits as directed by the responsible contracting authority. This standard practice providesminimum req
5、uirements on means and methods for laser profiling to meet the needs of engineers, contractors, owners, regulatoryagencies, and financing institutions.1.2 This practice applies to all types of material, all types of construction, or shape.1.3 This practice applies to gravity flow storm sewers, drain
6、s, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters from 6 to72 in. (150 to 1800 mm).1.4 The Laser Light Diode(s) shall be tested, labeled and certified to conform to US requirements for CDRH Class 2 or below(not considered to be hazardous) laser products or certified to conform to EU requirement
7、s for Class 2M or below laser productsas per IEC 60825-1, or both.1.5 The profiling process may require physical access to lines, entry manholes and operations along roadways that may includesafety hazards.1.6 This practice includes inspection requirements for determining pipeline and conduit ovalit
8、y only and does not include allthe required components of a complete inspection. The user of this practice should consider additional items outside this practicefor inspection such as joint gap measurement, soil/water infiltration, crack and hole measurement, surface damage evaluation,evaluation of
9、any pipeline repairs, and corrosion evaluation.1.7 This standard practice does not address limitations in accuracy due to improper lighting, dust, humidity, fog, moisture onpipe walls or horizontal/vertical offsets. Care should be taken to limit environmental factors in the pipeline that affect accu
10、racy ofthe inspection.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safe
11、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. There are no safety hazards specifically, howeve
12、r, associated with the use ofthe laser profiler specified (listed and labeled as specified in 1.3).1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International
13、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 onInspection and Ren
14、ewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved April 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2017. Published May 2017December 2017. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142017 asF3095-14.-17. DOI: 10.1520/F3095-17.10.1520/F3095-17A.This document is not an ASTM standard and i
15、s intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the
16、 current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1
17、 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impr
18、egnated TubeF2019 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Pulled in Place Installation of Glass ReinforcedPlastic (GRP) Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP)2.2 Other Documents:IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: Equipment Classification and Requirement
19、s, Jan 20113CDRH Regulations CFR 21, Section I, Subchapter J, Parts 1002 to 1040.1143. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 authority, nparty reasonable for the generation and verification of performance to job specification(s) and contractrequirements.3.1.2 barrel dis
20、tortion, ndistortion of an image produced by an optical system that causes straight lines at image margins tobulge outwards.3.1.3 CCTV, na closed circuit pipeline and conduit inspection television system including a camera, camera transporter,integrated lighting, central control system, video monito
21、r and recording device.3.1.4 laser, na solid state device that produces a monochromatic and coherent beam of visible light in an intense, narrowbeam.3.1.5 laser light diode, na mobile, certified “eye safe” laser light source and internal optics capable of projecting a narrowbeam of laser light onto
22、an internal pipe wall in pipes from 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm) in diameter regardless of material, design,or shape.3.1.6 laser profile, nthe spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation path.3.1.7 laser profiling survey, na survey composed of t
23、aking measurements of the cross sectional shape of the pipe at variousstations along its alignment, processing the data using an appropriate software and producing a condition assessment report usinglaser profiling technology.3.1.8 ovality, npercentage of shape deflection in circular and noncircular
24、 pipes as calculated per Practice F1216 or PracticeF2019 as defined in Annex A1.3.1.9 profiling software, nthe software that analyzes the collected data from a laser profiling effort into deformed crosssectional profiles along the pipe of conduit alignment.4. Significance and Use4.1 Laser profiling
25、assessment is a quality control tool for identifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage, and otherpipe anomalies after installation, providing means and methods for determining the quality of workmanship and compliance withproject specifications. Laser profiling capabilities include:4.1.1
26、Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectional area and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for pipe rehabilitation or replacement design; and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new construction workmanship verification.4.2 A laser profile pre-acceptance and condition assessment surv
27、ey provides significant information in a clear and concisemanner, including but not limited to graphs and still frame digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance, thereby providingobjective data on the installed quality and percentage ovality, or degree of deformation, deflection or deviati
28、on, that is often notpossible from an inspection by either a mandrel or only CCTV.5. Contract Responsibilities5.1 Apart from the provisions generally included in a testing and certification contract, the laser profiling survey contract shalldefine and assign responsibilities for the following items:
29、5.2 Access to the survey site to be provided to the extent that the contracting authority can provide such access.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
30、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varemb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4 Available from Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Food and Drug Adminis
31、tration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66-4621, Silver Spring, MD20993, http:/www.fda.gov.F3095 17a25.3 The utility owner shall ensure that all lines to be profiled are free of debris, obstructions, and cleaned within 24 h prior tothe profiling inspection. Standing or flowing water or debris shall n
32、ot exceed 10 % of the nominal pipe diameter, or six (6) in. (150mm) in depth, whichever is the lesser.6. Equipment6.1 The laser profiling equipment, including laser diode(s) and CCTV inspection system (Fig. 1) shall be configured andcalibrated by the laser profiling equipment manufacturer, as per th
33、e same specifications of the equipment “Certificate ofAccuracy”in accordance with Section 9.6.2 Only calibration and laser distance software algorithms, as specified by the software manufacturer, shall be used as per thesame specifications of the equipment “Certificate of Accuracy.”6.3 The profiling
34、 survey software shall be a version that meets or exceeds the contents of this practice.6.4 The processing computer shall be equal to or exceed those specified by the software manufacturer.7. Software7.1 The recorded pipeline and conduit survey video shall be loaded into a computer with CCTV pipelin
35、e and conduit inspectionand profiling processing software, meeting the technical requirements as stated herein installed.7.2 The profile software shall analyze the laser image of each recorded video frame. By using a combination of camera headposition, laser position, and known calibration values th
36、e software will calculate the measurement data.7.3 The ovality shall be calculated per Practice F1216 as given in Annex A1. If the shape of the original pipe deviatessignificantly (more than 10 % from the nominal diameter) from that of an equivalent circle when the flow area is matched, changesin cu
37、rvature shall be considered as a better measure of the degree of pipe deformation.8. Procedure8.1 The pipe shall be pre-cleaned and free of debris that would prevent the CCTV camera and laser diode assembly, shown inFig. 1, from moving through the pipe, or adversely affect the accuracy of the survey
38、. Flow or debris, within the line, shall be lessthan 10 % of the nominal pipe diameter of 6 in. (150 mm) in depth whichever is the lesser.8.2 A CCTV pipeline and conduit inspection system shall be placed into the pipeline and conduit to be surveyed. A recordedinspection header shall contain complete
39、 pipe data including location, pipe type, pipe size, and date of inspection. The CCTVdistance counter shall be set to zero and displayed in the video without overlapping or distorting the video image. The TV onlyline inspection shall be recorded on a digital storage device in a digital video format
40、as agreed among the contractor and the client.8.3 The laser profile consists of two types of scans: point and line measurement.8.4 The point measurement is taken while the camera is stationary at single point. The camera will rotate 360 degrees to capturemeasurement data.8.5 Aline measurement is cap
41、tured by rotating the camera head 360 degrees continuously while the system traverses the lengthof a pipe.8.6 Aprofiler shall project visible laser (light) while rotating around the internal pipe surface.Apipeline and conduit inspectionCCTV analog or digital video camera system shall continuously ca
42、pture the laser image as the laser profile system is movedthrough the line. The distance to capture a full rotation shall be established jointly by the user and the contractor, by both partiesFIG. 1 CCTVRotating Laser Profile Camera in PipeF3095 17a3considering the objectives and the size of the pip
43、e or conduit, neither to exceed a line at a longitudinal travel speed of 30 ft/minnor exceed the pitch of 4 in. for pipe materials other than those with a corrugated pipe wall. For the (9.1 m/min). For pipelineswith an interior corrugated pipe wall, the pitch needed to capture a 360 degree view shal
44、l not exceed the pipe wall pitch (crest tocrest of the corrugated pipe wall) or 4 in. whichever is smaller. wall). The header of the printed and stored reports shall includethe distance traveled to capture a 360 degree view of the pipeline. As a minimum, five full laser ring (complete rotations) ima
45、gesshall be taken every inch or two full laser ring (complete rotations) images per centimeter along the longitudinal distance of thepipeline. Any filtering or averaging of readings and data points shall be reported and approved by the engineer. In areas where thepipe exceeds performance limits, a f
46、ull ring (stationary scan) shall be shown when it exceeds allowable deflection limits.8.7 All CCTV video shall be recorded in a digital format and resolution, assuring acceptable image resolution.8.8 By comparing the known calibrated measurements of the laser diodes, the profiling software shall be
47、able to determine thedistance from the camera to the pipe wall.8.9 Upon completion of the point or line scan the processing software will calculate the pipe size at each measured position.9. Accuracy and Precision9.1 The accuracy of a measurement system is the degree of closeness of measurements of
48、a quantity to that quantitys actual(true) value. The laser light diode system, with the profiling software, shall be tested and approved, by an independent testingagency, and shall include a “Certificate ofAccuracy” equal to or better than 0.5 % of the lower nominal cross sectional dimension.NOTE 1T
49、he precision of a measurement system, also called reproducibility or repeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurements underunchanged conditions show the same results. A measurement system can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, or both. Forexample, if the data collection method is affected by a systematic error, increasing the number of times the instrument is run through the pipe increasesprecision but does not improve accuracy. The result would be consistent yet inaccurate results from the flawed method. Eliminating the syst
