1、Designation: F3137 15Standard Specification forHeadgear Used in Womens Lacrosse (excludingGoalkeepers)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines performance requirements forheadgear to be used by field players participating in the sportof womens
3、 lacrosse. The technical requirements in this speci-fication do not address the administrative requirements oflacrosse governing bodies, so it should not be assumed that anyheadgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for usein sanctioned lacrosse events.1.2 The purpose of this specific
4、ation is to provide reliableand repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protectiveheadgear for womens adult and youth lacrosse training andplay. When designated optional equipment by lacrosse govern-ing bodies, it is important that it not increase the risk of injuryto players who choose not to
5、 wear it. Impacts from stick, ball,other player, ground, or other objects may be decreased inseverity by use of this headgear. However, the relationshipbetween impact and injury is not fully understood.1.3 No headgear can provide protection against all impacts,foreseeable or not. This specification
6、does not address thepotential for injury from any type of impact.1.4 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446 and SpecificationF3077, except where noted in this specification. If there is aconflict between this standard and Test Methods F1446 a
7、ndSpecification F3077, this standard shall control.1.5 Partial compliance with this standard is prohibited.1.6 The values stated in SI (International System of Units)units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only. Metric units of measure-ment in thi
8、s specification are in accordance with the Interna-tional System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement asgiven in this specification is followed by an equivalent value inother units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement.A given equivalent value may be approximate.1.7 This standa
9、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
10、M Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgearF2220 Specification for HeadformsF3077 Specification for Eye Protectors for Womens La-crosse2.2 Other Standards:ND001 NOCSAE Standard Test Method and EquipmentUsed in E
11、valuating the Performance Characteristics ofProtective Headgear/EquipmentND021 NOCSAE Standard Projectile Impact TestingMethod and Equipment Used in Evaluating the Perfor-mance Characteristics of Protective Headgear, Faceguardsor ProjectilesND049 NOCSAE Standard Performance Specification ForNewly Ma
12、nufactured Lacrosse Balls3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, see Test Methods F1446.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 helmet position index (HPI), na manufacturer ofheadgear may specify the HPI to be used to achieve areasonable fit
13、during testing. If no HPI is specified, the fittinginstructions shall be used to obtain a reasonable fit. If thespecified HPI does not provide a reasonable fit as determinedby the technician, or the fit with the specified HPI or fittinginstructions is likely to yield erroneous test results, the tech
14、ni-cian shall fit the headgear to the best of their ability on the mostappropriate headform.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current
15、edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. DOI: 10.1520/F3137-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
16、ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Womens Lacrosse is a distinctive sport with inherentrisks. Participation in the sport implies acceptance of risk ofinjury. This specification was
17、developed to address forces ofsome of the incidental stick and ball to headgear impacts tonon-goaltending field players that may occur while engaging inWomens Lacrosse. Although headgear satisfying this specifi-cation may provide limited protection against some impacts,catastrophic/life threatening
18、impacts are not addressed by thisspecification. In addition, the cumulative effect of multiplesub-concussive impacts is not addressed here.NOTE 1Protection provided by headgear satisfying this specificationis not equivalent to the protection provided by “helmets” used in manyother sports activities.
19、 Headgear that meets these standard specificationsmay not provide significant protection in some head impact situations.5. Classification5.1 Womens lacrosse headgear (adult and youth) shall beclassified into the following types:5.2 Type IA headgear without protective eyewear, in thecondition offered
20、 for sale, that allows for the proper use ofprotective eyewear meeting Specification F3077.5.3 Type IIA headgear designed to be worn with specificprotective eyewear meeting Specification F3077 integrated intothe headgear, in the condition as offered for sale.6. General Construction6.1 Materials of C
21、onstruction:6.1.1 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceor skin shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.6.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceor skin, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo signifi-cant loss of strength or flexibility, or other ph
22、ysical change asa result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skinand hair.6.1.3 Any material used in the construction of headgearshall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soap andwater, mild household detergent, or cleaners recommended bythe manufacturer.6.1.4 For Type II He
23、adgear, any components relating to thespecific protective eyewear used to pass Specification F3077can be omitted from 6.1 (Materials of Construction) and 6.2(Construction).6.1.5 Exterior surfaces of the headgear portion must be of aflexible composition and this is to be confirmed by using thedeforma
24、tion test as described in 14.4 (Deformation Test).6.2 Construction:6.2.1 Any optional devices, excepting eye protection, forthe headgear shall be designed so that they are unlikely tocause any injury to the wearer or other participants duringcontact.6.2.2 All edges shall be smooth and rounded and th
25、ere shallbe no rigid projections on the inside of the headgear that couldcome in contact with the wearers head.6.2.3 All external projections shall be smooth to othersurfaces.FIG. 1 Headform Test LineF3137 1526.3 Protected AreaThe area above the test line (see Fig. 1)shall be considered the protecte
26、d area. All parts of the wearershead covered by the area of the headgear shall be protected atleast to the minimum performance requirements of 7.2 (ShockAbsorption Test), 7.3 (Ball Impact Absorption Test) and 7.4(Deformation Test). Within the Deformation Test, the portionswhich relate to the specifi
27、c protective eyewear can be omitted,see 6.1.4.7. Performance Requirements7.1 GeneralHeadgear shall be capable of meeting therequirements in this performance specification throughout theirfull range of adjustment.7.2 Shock Absorption TestWhen tested in accordance withSection 14 (Mechanical Tests), th
28、e peak acceleration of anyimpact shall not exceed 80 g.7.3 Ball Impact Absorption TestWhen tested in accor-dance with Section 14 (Mechanical Tests), the peak accelera-tion of any impact shall not exceed 80 g.7.4 Deformation TestWhen tested in accordance withSection 14 (Mechanical Tests), the headgea
29、r must make contactwith the MEP pad on both sides of the half-rod anvil asindicated by contact paste.7.5 The headgear shall remain intact with no visible cracksthrough the thickness of the outer covering.8. Apparatus8.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordancewith Test Methods F1446 ex
30、cept as noted herein.8.2 Shock Absorption TestThe apparatus for the shockabsorption test shall consist of the following:8.2.1 Test HeadformsTest headforms that correspond tothe physical dimensions defined in Specification F2220 as sizesA, E, and J. The weight of the drop assembly, including theheadf
31、orm, shall be in accordance with 8.2.3. The test head-forms shall include surface markings corresponding to thebasic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes.8.2.2 Guide AssemblyThe headform shall be attached tothe free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustable mountingthat will allow impacts
32、to be delivered to any prescribed pointon the headgear. For more information see Test MethodsF1446.8.2.3 Headform and Carriage AssemblyThe test head-forms shall be made of K1A magnesium material. The head-form and carriage assembly shall have a mass of:Jheadform and carriage assembly = 4.7 0.14 kgEh
33、eadform and carriage assembly = 4.1 0.12 kgAheadform and carriage assembly = 3.1 0.10 kg8.2.3.1 The carriage assembly (excludes ball arm andclamp) shall contribute to no more than 50 % of the total mass.8.2.4 Impact SurfaceThe impact surface shall be a flatmodular elastomer programmer (MEP) 152.4 mm
34、 (6 in.) indiameter and 25.4 mm (1 in.) in thickness which is firmly fixedto the top surface of a flat anvil. The MEP required is a 60 65 Durometer Shore A Hardness impact surface. The base shallconsist of a rigid slab weighing at least 136.1 kg (300 lb). Thetop surface of this base may be used as t
35、he flat metal anvil ifit is faced with a steel plate with minimum thickness of 25.4mm (1 in.) and minimum top surface area of 0.09 m2(1 ft2). Ifa detachable flat metal anvil is used it must have a top surfacearea of at least 290.3 cm2(45 in.2). The MEP is mounted on analuminum plate with a minimum t
36、hickness of 5.6 mm (0.220in.) after grinding.8.3 Ball Impact Absorption Test:8.3.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordancewith NOCSAE ND001 and NOCSAE ND021 except as notedherein.8.3.2 The propelling device shall be capable of hurling thetest projectiles horizontally at the speed desc
37、ribed in 14.3.2.8.3.3 Projectiles (balls) shall be intended for use in the gameof womens lacrosse and shall meet the requirements ofNOCSAE ND049.8.3.4 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testball within 1.0 m of impact shall be accurate to within 6 1.0m/s muzzle velocity. Each impact velo
38、city shall be measuredand if not within the tolerance, that impact is not valid.8.3.5 Test HeadformsHeadforms to be used shall be NOC-SAE small headforms and meet the headform specificationsoutlined in NOCSAE ND001.8.4 Deformation Test:8.4.1 Test HeadformsTest headforms that correspond tothe physica
39、l dimensions defined in Specification F2220 as sizesA, E, and J. The weight of the drop assembly, including theheadform, shall be in accordance with 8.4.3. The test head-forms shall include surface markings corresponding to thebasic, coronal, midsagittal, and reference planes.8.4.2 Guide AssemblyThe
40、 headform shall be attached tothe free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustable mountingthat will allow impacts to be delivered to any prescribed pointon the headgear. For more information, see Test MethodsF1446.8.4.3 Headform and Carriage AssemblyThe test head-forms shall be made of K1A magnesi
41、um material. The head-form and carriage assembly shall have a mass of:Jheadform and carriage assembly = 4.7 0.14 kgEheadform and carriage assembly = 4.1 0.12 kgAheadform and carriage assembly = 3.1 0.10 kg8.4.3.1 The carriage assembly (excludes ball arm andclamp) shall contribute to no more than 50
42、% of the total mass.8.4.4 Impact SurfaceThe impact surface shall be a flatmodular elastomer programmer (MEP) described in 8.2.3 withthe addition of the Rod Anvil described in 8.4.5. The rod anvilshall be affixed on top of the MEP surface and be centrallylocated so as to always divide the MEP surface
43、 in equal halves.Impact surface is to be covered with a layer of contact paste.Layer of paste should be no thicker than 1.5 mm (0.0625 in).8.4.5 Rod AnvilThe rod anvil shall be one half of acylinder with a diameter of 12.7 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.5 mm and aminimum length of 152.4 mm (6 in.) (see Fig. 2). Th
44、e rod anvilshall be of steel construction and rigidly attached to the MEPsurface, so as to not move during the Deformation Test.F3137 1539. Equipment Calibration and System Checks9.1 Instrumentation used in testing shall be calibrated ac-cording to the requirements of Test Methods F1446, as notedher
45、ein.9.2 Shock Absorption Test Instrument System CheckThesystem instrumentation shall be checked before and after eachseries of tests by dropping the spherical impactor onto the MEPpad at an impact velocity of 2.6 6 0.1 m/s (8.53 6 0.3 ft/s).Impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40 mm(1.5
46、75 in.) of free fall for each test. The weight of the dropassembly (which is the combined weight of the instrumentedspherical impactor and supporting assembly) for the shockabsorption test shall be 5 6 0.1 kg (11.00 6 0.2 lb). Three suchimpacts, at intervals of 75 + 15 s, shall be performed before a
47、ndafter each series of tests. The peak acceleration obtained duringimpact shall be 148 6 8 g. If the average peak accelerationobtained in the post test impacts differs by more than 5 % fromthe average peak acceleration obtained in the pretest impacts,the following checks shall be made. Checks of the
48、 mechanicalcondition of the drop system and checks of the calibration ofthe instruments and transducers are required and all dataobtained during that series of headgear tests should be dis-carded.9.3 Ball Impact Absorption Test Instrument System CheckThe system instrumentation shall be checked befor
49、e and aftereach series of tests by referencing the calibration methodsoutlined in NOCSAE ND001 (Headform Calibration 16.2.2 A warning stating to the user that “no headgear canprotect against all foreseeable impacts and that for maximumprotection”, the headgear must be fitted and attached properlyto the wearers head in accordance with the manufacturersfitting instructions; and16.2.3 Cleaning, fitting, and inspection information to berecommended by the manufacturer.16.2.4 With Type I Headgear, a statement of use and fitinstructi
