1、Designation: F3152 15F3152 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings onSubstrates Using Norman Tool “WA-1010 Wet AbraderDry orWet Abrasive Medium1”This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3152; the number immediately following the designation indicate
2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for s
3、ubjecting inks or coatings on membrane switches substrates to an abrasivemedium, with or without the application of chemicals, at a specified force.1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard, this test method is applicable for materials including, but not limitedto: printed or coa
4、ted polyester, polycarbonate, and silicone rubber. The samples can be either flat or contoured.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pr
5、actices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 final breakthrough, nthe number of cycles until complete removal of the first surface ink or coating being tested.2.1.2 membrane switch, na momentary switching device in which at least o
6、ne contact is on, or made of, a flexible substrate.2.1.3 wear limit, nin testing membrane switches, the number of cycles until an underlying layer of different color may be seenthrough the first layer (not applicable for transparent coatings).3. Significance and Use3.1 Membrane switch keys are subje
7、cted to repeated actuations, usually by a human finger. This can transfer body oil, handcreams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials are often subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, rubbing)during handling, end-use, shipment, or storage that may cause abrasion damage. The
8、 result may be a significant removal of thecoatings, text, or decorative inks.3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of materials. The main criterion is that the abrasion process produces visiblewear or breakthrough of the surface being tested.3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surfa
9、ce is dependent on numerous variables. This test method provides a way ofcomparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect of chemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do the resultsprovide a correlation value of the number of human finger touches before coating failure. It only pro
10、vides a means to compareresults of tests performed using the same equipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.3.4 The test method can be used for quality control purposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluate materialcombinations for a given application, or for the comparison of
11、materials with relatively similar properties and the effect ofchemicals on the abrasion resistance.4. Interferences4.1 Inconsistent wear can occur which will compromise the results. Caution is necessary to ensure the mounting method doesnot deflect the specimen, which may influence the wear characte
12、ristics.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed Electronics.Current edition approved July 1, 2015May 1, 2016. Published September 2015May 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edit
13、ion approved in 2015 asF3152-15. DOI: 10.1520/F3152-15.10.1520/F3152-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately dep
14、ict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
15、428-2959. United States14.2 Contoured surfaces can be tested but results may be more difficult to duplicate and some equipment is not designed to testnon-flat surfaces.4.3 Whenever possible, a smooth surface is preferred. Extra care should be taken when evaluating a non-uniform surface (thatis, roug
16、h surface), and for the user to recognize potential variations between specimens.5. Apparatus5.1 Machine capable of providing cyclic abrasion to a test specimen under controlled loading conditions.5.2 Suggested sources:5.2.1 Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010.Dry or until sought after visual change h
17、as beendetected. Wear limit is determined when an underlying layer of different color may be seen through the first layer (not applicablefor transparent coatings). In determining the extent of wear, periodically interrupt the instrument at intervals for examination ofthe test specimen. Final breakth
18、rough, not wear, on a first surface printed line constitutes a failure regardless of size.2 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Norman Tool Co., 15415 Old State Road, Evansville, IN 47725. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this inf
19、ormation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,21 which you may attend.F3152 1628.6.1 WarningWhen the test is stopped prior to achieving final end point, it is recommended the specimen not be moved.Doin
20、g so may present problems in aligning the wear path for additional testing.8.7 Periodically remove any loose abrading that remains on the test specimen, by light brushing or compressed air.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Model number and description of Abrasion Tester used,9.1.2
21、Abrasive material,9.1.3 Force applied to specimen,9.1.4 Number of cycles to wear limit (not applicable for transparent coatings),9.1.5 Number of cycles to final breakthrough,9.1.6 Temperature and humidity,9.1.7 Identity of specimen, describing the material or coating,9.1.8 Method of cleaning, if app
22、licable, and9.1.9 Visual evaluation of test specimen and include photos of target test area, if possible.possible, and9.1.10 Chemical (if testing wet).10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and bias have not been determined at this time, but will be developed by Subcommittee F01.18.11. Keywords11.1 ab
23、rasion; breakthrough; coatings; inks; Innowet Abrex; membrane switch; Norman Tool; RCA; TaberASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
24、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
25、awn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
26、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
27、or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clear
28、ance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ The Norman Tool “RCA” Abrader is covered by a patent. Interested parties are invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to thispatented item to theASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.F3152 163
