1、Designation: F3183 16Standard Practice forGuided Side Bend Evaluation of Polyethylene Pipe ButtFusion Joint1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, speci-men preparation and procedure for conducting a guided threepoint si
3、de bend evaluation of a transverse specimen cut from acoupon removed from a butt fusion joint in polyethylene pipehaving a wall thickness 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) and thicker. SeeFig. 1. This practice provides a means to assess ductility of abutt fusion joint by applying a lateral (side) bending strainacr
4、oss a specimen taken from the full butt fusion cross-section,from outside diameter to inside diameter.1.2 No test values are provided by this practice. The resultis a non-numerical report. Criteria for test result evaluation areprovided in standards or codes that specify the use of thispractice by c
5、omparison to benchmark laboratory results, or bycomparison to example results presented in Appendix X1 tothis practice.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformatio
6、n only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
7、imitations prior to use.NOTE 1Laboratory methods that are commonly used for testingpolyethylene butt fusion joints include Test Method D638 and TestMethod F2634.NOTE 2This practice has been developed for use on butt fusion jointsin polyethylene pipe with a wall thickness of 1.00 in. or greater. Thep
8、ractice may be used on butt fusion joints in polyethylene pipe withthinner wall thicknesses. However, the applicability of the practice shouldbe determined by the user of the practice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD1600 Terminology forA
9、bbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF2634 Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene(PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method3. Terminology3.1 Defini
10、tionsUnless otherwise specified, definitions andabbreviations are in accordance with Terminologies D1600 andF412.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bend angle, nThe included angle between the sur-faces of the side bend specimen on each side of the loadingnose that is formed by
11、the deflection of the side bend specimenwhen the loading nose extends the side bend test specimenthrough the test fixture rotatable supports.3.2.2 bend test coupon, nA transverse section of buttfused polyethylene pipe extending from the pipe outside wallto the pipe inside wall and having approximate
12、ly equal lengthsof pipe on each side of a centrally located butt fusion joint. Theside bend test specimen is produced from the bend test coupon.See Fig. 1.3.2.3 combined fusion bead zone, nA transverse through-wall section of the side bend specimen that is bounded byimaginary planes that extend acro
13、ss the pipe wall from theinner and outer fusion bead surfaces of Pipe A and Pipe Bfusion beads. See Fig. 2. Butt fusion joints typically producebeads that extend (roll) over the pipe ends both inside andoutside of the joint.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
14、Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/F3183162For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
15、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.4 ductility, nThe ability of a material to deformplastically before fracturing
16、.3.2.5 loading nose, nA bar located equidistant betweenand opposite to rotatable supports and having a cylindricalforward surface. The loading nose is extended at a uniform rateof displacement in between the rotatable supports to bend theside bend test specimen. See Fig. 3.3.2.6 R/t, nA dimensionles
17、s number representing the ratioof the loading nose radius, R, in inches (or mm) to themeasured thickness, t, in inches (or mm) of the side bend testspecimen.3.2.7 rotatable supports, nTwo cylindrical bars spacedequidistant from and parallel to the loading nose that turnfreely on their central longit
18、udinal axis and support the sidebend test specimen.3.2.8 side bend test specimen, nAtransverse section of thewall of butt fusion joined pipe that is machined (planed) froma bend test coupon.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice provides a means to assess the relativeductility of sections of polyet
19、hylene butt fusion joints frompipe having a wall thickness of about 1 in. (25.4 mm) or greaterusing a three point bend testing procedure. This practiceapplies a bending strain to the transverse side of a through-wallside bend test specimen prepared from a bend test coupontaken from a butt fusion joi
20、nt.NOTE 3When applied to the testing of welds in metals, this type ofthree-point bending is commonly called side bend.4.2 Typically, bend test coupon pairs are cut from a positionaround the pipe and the position directly opposite on the otherFIG. 1 Guided Side Bend Conceptual SchematicFIG. 2 Combine
21、d Fusion Bead ZoneF3183 162half of the butt fusion joined pipe sample. Optionally, segment-ing larger diameter butt fusion joined pipes into four or moreequal sections (quadrants, sixths, eighths, etc.) provides addi-tional bend test coupon pairs.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard practice is
22、a procedure to evaluate theductility of side bend test specimens that are a transversesection of the pipe wall and butt fusion. Side bend testspecimens are prepared from bend test coupons from samplepolyethylene pipe butt fusion joints that are made usingpolyethylene pipe having a wall thickness of
23、about 1 inch (25.4mm) and greater. A three-point bend is applied to the side bendtest specimen by pressing the side bend test specimen into agap between two rotatable supports with a loading nose. Thebending load is applied such that the bending strain istransverse to the plane of the fusion joint.5
24、.2 Equipment for cutting bend test coupons, preparing sidebend test specimens and conducting this practice is availablefor laboratory and for field use.5.3 Benchmark criteria for evaluating field testing resultsare developed by testing a statistically valid number of samplebutt fusions in a controll
25、ed environment, preferably usingequipment for field use. Guided side bend test results from fieldtests are then evaluated by comparison to benchmark testresults from the controlled environment.6. Apparatus6.1 The Side Bend FixtureAn apparatus to securely holdall of the essential parts and the side b
26、end test specimen in astable configuration while the practice is conducted. Thetesting fixture shall provide for accurate visual alignment of theside bend test specimen relative to the centerline of the loadingnose, and shall provide visual determination of side bend testspecimen bend angle. The tes
27、ting fixture shall be constructedsuch that full and continuous contact of the side bend testspecimen with the loading nose is maintained as the test isperformed. The essential parts are as follows:6.1.1 Rotatable supportsTwo cylindrical bars each havinga diameter of 0.75 6 0.01 in. (17.6 6 0.3 mm) t
28、hat aremounted in the testing fixture such that they can rotate freelyalong their longitudinal axis. The length of each rotatablesupport shall assure that the test specimen does not contact thesides of the testing fixture when installed in the fixture orduring the procedure. The separation distance
29、between thefacing edges of the rotatable supports shall be 2.31 6 0.01 in.(58.7 6 0.2 mm). The longitudinal centerlines of the rotatablesupports shall be horizontally and vertically parallel to eachother. The minimum rotatable support length shall be at leastthe width of the test specimen plus the f
30、usion beads that extendbeyond the width of the test specimen plus 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.6.1.2 Movable memberA component to which the loadingnose is attached and that extends and retracts the loading nosethrough the space between the rotatable supports at a uniformand steady rate of
31、 travel. The movable member shall providestraight-line travel at a right angle to the centerline of therotatable supports and at a right angle to a plane across thecenterlines of the rotatable supports. The moveable membershall have sufficient strength so that deflection from straightline travel dur
32、ing operation is minimized to the extent practi-cal. The rate of travel in extension shall be 3.0 6 1.0 in./min(76.2 6 25.4 mm/min)6.1.3 Loading noseThe loading nose applies force acrossthe full width of the side bend test specimen (plus the fusionbeads) and bends the specimen between the two rotata
33、blesupports. The loading nose is a cylindrical bar having a radiusof 0.50 6 0.02 in. (12.7 6 0.2 mm) for its full length where itFIG. 3 Schematic of Guided Side Bend ApparatusF3183 163contacts the test specimen. The loading nose shall containpermanent centerline indicators on both ends to facilitate
34、 visualalignment of the center of the loading nose to the center of thecombined fusion bead zone in the side bend test specimen. Theminimum length of the loading nose shall be at least the widthof the test specimen plus the fusion beads that extend beyondboth sides of the width of the test specimen
35、plus 0.25 in (6.4mm). The centerline of the loading nose cylindrical radius shallbe aligned vertically and horizontally parallel to the centerlinesof the rotatable supports.6.1.4 ActuatorA mechanism that powers the movablemember to which the loading nose is attached.6.1.5 Timing DeviceThe apparatus
36、shall be equipped witha timing device accurate to 6 1 s per 60 s period.6.1.6 The maximum sample butt fused pipe wall thicknessshall be clearly marked on the apparatus.6.2 Additional equipment:6.2.1 Sawing or cutting equipment is required to cut thesample butt fusion into segments, and to cut the be
37、nd testcoupons from the sample butt fusion segments.6.2.2 Machining equipment such a feed-through type elec-tric planer is required to prepare the side bend test specimensfrom bend test coupons.Ahand-held planer should not be used.7. Side Bend Test Specimens7.1 Side bend test specimens are prepared
38、from bend testcoupon pairs that are cut from a sample butt fusion. The samplebutt fusion is two approximately equal lengths of polyethylenepipe that are joined in the middle by a butt fusion. The two pipelengths shall be at least 6.0 in (152.4 mm) so that the overalllength of the sample butt fusion
39、equals or exceeds the 12.0 in.(305 mm) minimum overall length of the bend test coupon.Measure and record the wall thickness of Pipe A and Pipe Bfrom each side of the sample butt fusion in accordance withTest Method D2122. The sample butt fusion shall be condi-tioned at 65 to 75 F (18 to 24 C) in air
40、 for not less than fourhours, or in water for not less than one hour before cutting thetest coupons. See Fig. 5.7.2 Bend Test Coupons:FIG. 4 Three Dimensional Schematic of Side Bend ApparatusFIG. 5 Side Bend Coupon from PipeF3183 1647.2.1 Cut pairs of bend test coupons from the sample buttfusion, on
41、e from one half of the sample butt fusion, and theother from a position directly opposite on the other half of thesample butt fusion. The cut width of the bend test coupon shallbe approximately 0.75 in. (17.6 mm). The cut length of thebend test coupon shall include 6.00 to 8.50 in. (152.4 to 216mm)
42、of pipe on either side of the fusion joint for an overalllength of 12 to 17 in. (305 to 432 mm). The bend test couponshall include the full pipe wall thickness and the internal andexternal fusion beads. The inside and outside surfaces from thesample butt fusion shall be unaltered. Care shall be take
43、n toretain the inside and outside fusion beads. If fusion beads areremoved, the bend test coupon shall not be used.NOTE 4Optionally segmenting larger diameter sample butt fusionsinto four or more equal segments (quadrants, sixths, eighths, etc.) providesadditional bend test coupon pairs.7.2.2 Each b
44、end test coupon shall be marked, labeled,tagged or otherwise identified so that information relating tothe sample butt fusion joint such as date, time, operator,location relative to its position within the fusion machine,joining procedure, pipe material, pipe size, etc., are cross-referenced and doc
45、umented. For purposes of this practice,location relative to position within the fusion machine shallmean that the upper most point in the butt fusion joint whilestill in the butt fusion machine shall be considered 12:00oclock. The lowest point in the butt fusion joint while still inthe butt fusion m
46、achine shall be designated 6:00 oclock. Thepoint closest to the fusion machine operator on the horizontalacross the butt fusion face and perpendicular to the axis of thepipe being joined shall be designated 3:00 oclock. The pointfurthest from the fusion machine operator on the horizontalacross the b
47、utt fusion joint and perpendicular to the axis of thepipe being joined shall be designated 9:00 oclock.7.3 Side Bend Test Specimens:7.3.1 A single side bend specimen shall be machined fromeach side bend coupon. See Fig. 6.7.3.2 Each side bend test specimen is machined from thebend test coupon by rem
48、oving equal amounts from the 0.75 in(19 mm) width of the bend test coupon to achieve a uniformthickness of 0.25 +/- 0.02 in. (6.4 +/- 0.5 mm) as shown inFigures Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8.NOTE 5A commercial electrically-powered planer is useful for testspecimen machining. Alternate the side bend cou
49、pon surface that is incontact with the planer blade with each pass through the planer. Careshould be taken to initially remove material in reasonably small incre-ments (0.10 in. or 2.54 mm), and to reduce the amount of materialremoved with each pass to 0.010 in. or 0.254 mm as the thickness of thecoupon approaches the required thickness. Planer blades should be clean,sharp, and free of nicks and gouges that may produce an irregular surface.Care should also be taken to insure that the planer blade is parallel to thefeed roller of the planer.7.3.3 The m
