1、Designation: F3184 16Standard Specification forAdditive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603)with Powder Bed Fusion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing ofUNS S31603 components by means of laser and electron
3、beam-based full melt powder bed fusion processes. The com-ponents produced by these processes are used typically inapplications that require mechanical properties similar tomachined forgings and wrought products. Components manu-factured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, postproc
4、essed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge ma-chining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desiredsurface finish and critical dimensions.1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasersor producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS S31603components for defining the r
5、equirements and ensuring com-ponent properties.1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis forobtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptancerequirements established and revised by consensus of themembers of the committee.1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may
6、bemet by the addition to the purchase order of one or moresupplementary requirements, which may include, but are notlimited to, those listed in Supplementary RequirementsS1S16.1.5 The compositional requirements specified in this speci-fication do not meet the compositional requirements for surgi-cal
7、 implant grade UNS S31673.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Other units are included only for informationalpurposes.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
8、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276/A276M Specification
9、 for Stainless Steel Bars andShapesA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars andShapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure VesselsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Anal
10、ysis of Steel ProductsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, StainlessSteel, and Related Alloy CastingsB213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usingthe Hall Flowmeter FunnelB214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method
11、 for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityB769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysB855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of MetalPowders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall FlowmeterFunnelB964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Usin
12、gthe Carney FunnelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-rials at Room TemperatureE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic
13、 MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terials1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F42 on AdditiveManufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF42.05 on Mate
14、rials and Processes.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. DOI:10.1520/F318416.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
15、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-tallic Mater
16、ialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of MetallicMaterialsE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron AlloysE384 Test M
17、ethod for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-rialsE399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain FractureToughness KIcof Metallic MaterialsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and AlloysE466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled ConstantAmplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE606 Te
18、st Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue CrackGrowth RatesE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1086 Test Method forAnalysis of
19、Austenitic Stainless Steelby Spark Atomic Emission SpectrometryE1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE1450 Test Method for Tension Testing of Structural Alloysin Liquid HeliumE1479 Practice for Describing and Specifying Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission SpectrometersE1742 Practice for
20、Radiographic ExaminationE1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture ToughnessE2368 Practice for Strain Controlled ThermomechanicalFatigue TestingF2924 Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed FusionF2971 Practice for Reporting Data for Test Specimens P
21、re-pared by Additive ManufacturingF3049 Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Pow-ders Used for Additive Manufacturing ProcessesF3122 Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of MetalMaterials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:252900 Standard Terminology for Ad
22、ditive ManufacturingGeneral PrinciplesTerminology52915 Specification for Additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF) Version 1.152921 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingCoordinate Systems and Test Methodologies2.3 ASQ Standard:3ASQ C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Qual-ity Program2.4 IS
23、O Standards:4ISO 148-1 Metallic materialsCharpy pendulum impacttestPart 1: Test methodISO 1099 Metallic materialsFatigue testingAxial force-controlled methodISO 4545 Metallic materialsKnoop hardness testPart 2:Verification and calibration of testing machinesISO 6506-1 Metallic materialsBrinell hardn
24、ess testPart1: Test methodISO 6507-1 Metallic materialsVickers hardness testPart1: Test methodISO 6508 Metallic materialsRockwell hardness testPart1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)ISO 6892-1 Metallic materialsTensile testing at ambienttemperatureISO 6892-2 Metallic materialsTen
25、sile testingPart 2:Method of test at elevated temperatureISO 9001 Quality management systemRequirementsISO 9044 Industrial woven wire clothTechnical require-ments and testingISO 12108 Metallic materialsFatigue testingFatiguecrack growth methodISO 12111 Metallic materialsFatigue testingStrain-control
26、led thermomechanical fatigue testing methodISO 12135 Metallic materialsUnified method of test forthe determination of quasistatic fracture toughnessISO 12737 Metallic materialsDetermination of plane-strain fracture toughness (withdrawn)ISO 13485 Medical devicesQuality managementsystemsRequirements f
27、or regulatory purposesISO 19819 Metallic materialsTensile testing in liquidhelium2.5 SAE Standards:5AMS 2248 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Corrosion andHeat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Maraging and OtherHighly-Alloyed Steels, and Iron AlloysAMS 2759 Heat Treatment of Steel Parts General Require-m
28、entsAS 9100 Quality SystemsAerospaceModel for QualityAssurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-tion and Servicing2.6 ASME Standard:6ASME B46.1 Surface Texture2.7 NIST Standard:7IR 7847 CODEN:NTNOEF3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing inTermi
29、nology ISO/ASTM 52900 shall apply.3Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,Milwaukee, WI 53203, http:/www.asq.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from SAE Inter
30、national (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIS
31、T), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.F3184 1623.1.2 Terminology relating to coordinate systems in Termi-nology ISO/ASTM 52921 shall apply.3.1.3 Terminology relating to powder bed fusion in Speci-fication F2924 shall apply.3.1.4 Terminology relating to powder
32、metallurgy in Termi-nology B243 shall apply.4. Condition4.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, all Conditions shallmeet the requirements in each section of this standard. Condi-tions are not listed sequentially.4.1.1 Condition A components shall be stress relieved orsolution annealed in accordance w
33、ith Section 12.4.1.2 Condition B components shall be solution annealed inaccordance with Section 12.NOTE 1Stress relieving in 4.1.1 refers to the thermal post-processingof dimensional stabilization to remove or reduce internal/residual stresses,and solution annealing in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 refers to the
34、 thermal post-processing of heating the component to the minimum annealingtemperature, holding for a sufficient time to permit grain boundarycarbides to enter into solution, and cooling rapidly enough to preventunacceptable grain boundary carbide precipitation.4.1.3 Condition C components shall be h
35、ot isostaticallypressed in accordance with Section 13.4.1.4 Condition DNot Used.4.1.5 For Condition E components, all thermal post-processing shall be optional.NOTE 2Prototype parts may be classified as Condition E.4.1.6 Condition FNot Used.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for components compliant
36、with this specificationshall include the following to describe the requirements ad-equately:5.1.1 This specification designation,5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,5.1.3 Quantity of product desired,5.1.4 Condition,5.1.5 SI or SAE units,5.1.5.1 DiscussionThe STL file format used by m
37、anypowder bed fusion machines does not contain units of mea-surement as metadata. When only STLfiles are provided by thepurchaser, ordering information should specify the units of thecomponent along with the electronic data file. More informa-tion about data files can be found in ISO/ASTM 52915.5.1.
38、6 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 14),5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),5.1.8 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 9),5.1.9 Sampling plans as agreed upon by the componentsupplier and purchaser, including any supplementary require-ments (see 1.4),5.1.10 Post-processing sequence of operati
39、ons,5.1.11 Thermal post-processing,5.1.12 Component marking such as labeling the serial or lotnumber in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or producttagging,5.1.13 Packaging and shipping requirements,5.1.14 Certification,5.1.15 Disposition of rejected material (Section 15), and5.1.16 Other suppl
40、ementary requirements as agreed upon bythe component supplier and purchaser such as allowableporosity (see 1.4).6. Manufacturing Plan6.1 Condition A, B, C, and E components manufactured tothis specification shall have a manufacturing plan that includes,but is not limited to, the following:6.1.1 A ma
41、chine, manufacturing control system, and quali-fication procedure as agreed upon by the component supplierand purchaser;NOTE 3Qualification procedures typically require qualification buildcycles in which mechanical property test specimens are prepared andmeasured in accordance with Section 11 or oth
42、er applicable standards.Location, orientation on the build platform, number of test specimens foreach machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-men test results and component quality shall be agreed upon by thecomponent supplier and purchaser.6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the re
43、quirements of Section 7;6.1.3 The machine identification, including machine soft-ware version, manufacturing control system version (ifautomated), build chamber environment, machineconditioning, and calibration information of the qualifiedmachine;6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the q
44、uali-fication procedure;6.1.5 Safeguards to ensure traceability of the digital files,including design history of the components;6.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,including build platform selection, machine cleaning, andpowder handling;6.1.7 The requirements for approving/quali
45、fying machineoperators;6.1.8 Logging of machine build data files, upper and lowerlimits of the parameters affecting component quality and otherprocess validation controls;6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, theirorientation and location on the build platform, and supportstructures, if re
46、quired;6.1.10 Process steps including, but not limited to, Section 8;6.1.11 Post-processing procedure, including sequence of thepost-processing steps and the specifications for each step;6.1.12 Thermal post-processing including stress relieve,furnace anneal, hot isostatic pressing, and heat treat; a
47、nd6.1.13 Inspection requirements as agreed upon by the com-ponent supplier and purchaser, including any supplementaryrequirements.7. Feedstock7.1 The feedstock for this specification shall be metalpowder, as defined in Terminology B243, that has the powdertype, size distribution, shape, density, and
48、 flow rate acceptablefor the process as determined by the component supplier.7.2 The metal powder shall be free from detrimentalamounts of inclusions and impurities, and its chemical com-position shall be adequate to yield, after processing, the finalchemical composition listed in Table 1.F3184 1637
49、.3 Powder blends are allowed unless otherwise specifiedbetween the component supplier and purchaser, as long as allpowder used to create the powder blend meets the requirementsin Table 1 and lot numbers are documented and maintained.7.4 Used powder is allowed unless otherwise specifiedbetween the component supplier and purchaser. The proportionof virgin powder to used powder shall be recorded and reportedfor each production run. The maximum number of times usedpowder can be used as well as the number of times any portionof a powder lot can
