1、Designation: F3214 18Standard Practice forCharacterization of Fire Properties of Materials Specified forVehicles Associated with Amusement Rides and Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers material properties related toflammability, smoke pr
3、oducts and heat release rates for mate-rials specified for vehicles associated with amusement ridesand devices.1.2 This practice also defines specific requirements forstandardized test methods for determining material propertiesrelated to flammability, smoke production and heat releaserates for mate
4、rials specified for vehicles associated withamusement rides and devices.1.3 This practice defines acceptance criteria for the materialproperties of flammability, smoke production and heat releaserates for seating, upholstery and padding materials specified forvehicles on amusement rides and devices.
5、1.4 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),which provides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The appendix informa-tion
6、 shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.5 This practice shall not apply to:1.5.1 Materials specified for amusement rides or devices notassociated with the vehicle.1.5.2 Materials used for the construction of facilities.1.5.3 Fluids and lubricants.1.5.4 Mats used on water slides or o
7、ther aquatic devices.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory lim
8、itations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organizatio
9、n TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of MaterialsUsing a Ra
10、diant Heat Energy SourceE662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of SmokeGenerated by Solid MaterialsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterF2291 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and Devices2.2 DIN Standa
11、rd:3DIN 4102 Fire behavior of building materials and buildingcomponents2.3 EN Standards:4EN1021-1 Assessment of the Ignitability of Uphol-stered Furniture2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 56601 Fire tests Reaction to fire Part 1: Rate of heat release from building products (Cone calorimeter method)ISO 56602 Re
12、actiontofire tests Heat release, smoke pro-duction and mass loss rate, Part 2: Smoke produc-tion rate (dynamic measurement)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.10 on TestMethods.Current editi
13、on approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F3214-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.4Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.5Available from International Organiz
15、ation for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was devel
16、oped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.5 NFPA Standards:
17、6NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passen-ger Rail SystemsNFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and Classifica-tion System for Cigarette Ignition, Resistance of Com-ponents of Upholstered Furniture3. Terminology3.1 See 5.1 for definitions applicable to this standard.4. Significance and U
18、se4.1 This practice is intended for use whenever the charac-terization of fire properties for materials specified for vehiclesassociated with amusement rides and devices are to be deter-mined. The existence of this practice is not intended to implythat there is a requirement to perform specific test
19、ing onamusement rides or devices.4.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers,engineers, manufacturers, owners, and operators with criteriaand references for materials specified for vehicles associatedwith amusement rides and devices or a major modification ofan amusement ride or device.
20、5. Fire Properties of Materials5.1 When required by this practice, the following definitionsshall apply:5.1.1 vehicle, ndevice that directly carries or conveysperson(s).5.1.2 open vehicle, nvehicle which is open such thatsmoke and products of combustion will not collect inside thevehicle and riders
21、are directly exposed to the ambient environ-ment through which the ride vehicle passes.5.1.3 unrestrained vehicle, nvehicle with restraints con-forming to Class 1, 2 or 3 in accordance with Practice F2291,and designed in a way that allows riders to leave the vehicleand move away from the ride envelo
22、pe, allowing the riders toself-evacuate under emergency conditions where practicable.5.1.4 restrained vehicle, nvehicle with restraints conform-ing to Class 3, 4 or 5 in accordance with Practice F2291, anddesigned in a way that does not allow riders to leave the vehicleand move away from the ride en
23、velope, precluding the ridersfrom self-evacuation under emergency conditions, where prac-ticable.5.1.5 enclosed vehicle, nrestrained vehicle which is en-closed such that it may be possible for smoke or products ofcombustion to collect inside of the vehicle compartment andriders are considered restra
24、ined.5.2 Material Selection:5.2.1 Materials should be selected in the following order:5.2.1.1 Select Noncombustible MaterialsFor the purposesof this practice, non-combustible materials shall be defined asmaterials that pass Test Method E136.5.2.1.2 Fire Retardant MaterialsFor the purposes of thispra
25、ctice, fire retardant materials shall be defined as a materialso constructed or treated that it will delay ignition, inhibitflame spread or not support flame. The required level of fireretardancy and verification method shall be documented in theride analysis as specified in Practice F2291.5.2.1.3 M
26、aterials that meet the specific pass/fail criteria asdefined in Table 1.5.2.2 When material selection does not follow the processoutlined in 5.2.1, or if the criteria in 5.2.1.2 or 5.2.1.3 are notmet, materials shall be selected based upon a fire hazardanalysis of the material to demonstrate an acce
27、ptable level ofsafety which is supported by the ride analysis.5.3 Materials specified for vehicles associated with amuse-ment rides and devices shall conform to the specific fire tests inTable 1. If specific criteria for a material specified for a vehicleassociated with an amusement ride or device i
28、s not included inTable 1, refer to 5.2.5.4 When a fire hazard analysis is required, test specimen(s)shall be tested in accordance with Test Method E1354 orISO-5660. Specimens shall be tested with a retainer frame. Testspecimens shall be fabricated in the sample size required (100by 100 mm). Specimen
29、s shall be configured to substantiallyreflect the end-use configuration. The testing shall provide thefollowing data:5.4.1 Time to Ignition, Tig (seconds)If Time to Ignition isgreater than or equal to the unsupervised ride cycle time, thenthe material is acceptable and need not meet the other criter
30、iain 5.3. The unsupervised ride cycle time is the time whichpatrons are out of the direct line of sight of an operator duringone ride cycle.5.4.2 Maximum 30 s (sliding) average Heat Release Rate,HRR30 maximum (kW).5.4.3 Average Smoke Production Rate, SPRave (m2/kg).5.4.4 Time to Peak Heat Release Ra
31、te, Tp(seconds).5.4.5 Peak Heat Release Rate, PHRR (kW/m2).5.4.6 Total Heat Released, THR (MJ/m2).5.4.7 Average Heat Release Rate 180 s, HRR180s (kW/m2).5.4.8 Specific Smoke Extinction Area, SEA (m2/kg).6. Keywords6.1 amusement ride; device; fire properties6Available from National Fire Protection As
32、sociation (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.TABLE 1 Specific Pass/Fail Criteria for MaterialsComponent orMaterialOpen VehicleUnrestrainedOpen VehicleRestrainedEnclosed VehicleSeating,Upholstery, andPaddingNFPA 260 Class I (ignition resistance), EN-1021 Part 1 oreq
33、uivalent standardF3214 182APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. FIRE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALSX1.1 Subsection 5.2.1.1When a product consisting ofnoncombustible materials also contains adhesives, binders, orresins, the product should not be considered inherently non-combustible (for example, composite
34、materials or insulationproducts with plastic or paper facings). In these cases, thematerial should be further evaluated to determine if it isnoncombustible, fire retardant, or in some other category, asappropriate.X1.2 Subsection 5.2.1.2A coating or treatment that ren-ders a material resistant to fi
35、re. The measure of this depends onthe type of material (that is, fabric, plastic, or wood), the testmethod, or manufacturers requirements, or a combinationthereof. In order to render combustible materials as “fireretardant” or “flame retardant,” they will typically be treatedwith a fire retardant ad
36、ditive during manufacture or molding (inthe case of plastics, for example). The ultimate fire propertiesof treated materials depend on many factors, including theamount of fire retardant added, the properties of the basematerial, the shape, size, surface area, thickness, and volume ofcombustible mat
37、erials.X1.3 Table 1There are many existing standards that maybe applicable to characterize fire properties of materials speci-fied for vehicles associated with amusement rides and devices.When the user desires to use an equivalent standard to thatlisted in Table 1, diligence must be applied to revie
38、w themethod to ensure the appropriate material characteristics areassessed. Standards associated with transit systems (forexample, NFPA 130) or other ASTM standards (for example,Test Method E162, Test Method E662) may be appropriatealternatives to those listed. Existing building standards (forexampl
39、e, Test Method E84, TB-116, DIN 4102, etc.) and testmethods are typically focused on building components (forexample, wall linings, building materials, etc.). These methodsmay be applicable but can be onerous when applied due to therequirement for large sample sizes.X1.4 Subsection 5.4:X1.4.1 The te
40、st methods referenced in this section should beused to evaluate materials that are not explicitly listed in thestandard. The application of these test methods to products thathave a proven service history can provide guidance to establishappropriate thresholds when adding new materials to thisstanda
41、rd.X1.4.2 Specimens configured to substantially reflect theend-use configuration means that the samples should be testedin approximately the same spatial orientation (for example,horizontal, vertical), and composition (for example, all com-ponents used including core or paint, or both). The specimen
42、smay need to account for alterations or repairs made to thevehicle over its service life to reflect an “as installed” condi-tion.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
43、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
44、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which yo
45、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
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