1、Designation: F3228 17Standard Specification forFlight Data and Voice Recording in Small Aircraft1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3228; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers international standards for theflight recording aspects of airworthiness and design for “small”aircraft.1.2
3、 The applicant for a design approval must seek theindividual guidance of their respective CAA body concerningthe use of this specification as part of a certification plan. Forinformation on which CAA regulatory bodies have acceptedthis specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compli-ance to
4、 their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (herein-after referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage(www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includesCAA website links.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
5、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Following is a list of external standards referencedthroughout this specification; the earliest revision ac
6、ceptablefor use is indicated. In all cases later document revisions areacceptable if shown to be equivalent to the listed revision, or ifotherwise formally accepted by the governing civil aviationauthority; earlier revisions are not acceptable.2.2 ASTM Standards:2F3060 Terminology for AircraftF3061/
7、F3061M Specification for Systems and Equipment inSmall AircraftF3120/F3120M Specification for Ice Protection for GeneralAviation AircraftF3233/F3233M Specification for Instrumentation in SmallAircraft3. Terminology3.1 Terminology specific to this specification is providedbelow. For general terminolo
8、gy, refer to Terminology F3060.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aircraft type code, nan Aircraft Type Code (ATC) isdefined by considering both the technical considerations re-garding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness levelestablished based upon risk-based crite
9、ria; the method ofdefining an ATC applicable to this specification is defined inSpecification F3061/F3061M.4. Flight Data and Voice RecordingNOTE 1Table 1 provides correlation between various Aircraft TypeCodes and the individual requirements contained within this section; referto 3.2.1. For each su
10、bsection, an indicator can be found under each ATCcharacter field; three indicators are used:An empty cell ( ) in all applicable ATC character field columnsindicates that an aircraft must meet the requirements of that subsection.A white circle () in multiple columns indicates that the requirementsof
11、 that subsection are not applicable to an aircraft only if all such ATCcharacter fields are applicable.A mark-out () in any of the applicable ATC character field columnsindicates that the requirements of that subsection are not applicable to anaircraft if that ATC character field is applicable.Examp
12、leAn aircraft with anATC of 1SRLLDLN is being considered.Since all applicable columns are empty for 4.1.1, that subsection isapplicable to the aircraft.4.1 Cockpit Voice Recorders:4.1.1 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the operatingrules of the governing civil aviation authority must be ap-pr
13、oved and must be installed so that the requirements of 4.1.1.1 4.1.1.6 are met.4.1.1.1 The device must record voice communicationstransmitted from or received in the aircraft by radio.4.1.1.2 The device must record ambient voice communica-tions of flight crew members on the flight deck.4.1.1.3 The d
14、evice must record voice communications offlight crew members on the flight deck, using the aircraftsinterphone system.4.1.1.4 The device must record voice or audio signalsidentifying navigation or approach aids introduced into aheadset or speaker.4.1.1.5 The device must record voice communications o
15、fflight crew members using the passenger loudspeaker system,if there is such a system and if the fourth channel is availablein accordance with the requirements of 4.1.3.5.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F44 on GeneralAviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility o
16、f Subcommittee F44.50 onSystems and Equipment.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/F3228-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
17、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
18、established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.1.6 If Controller-Pilot-Data-Link-Communications (CP-DLC) equipment is installed, the device mus
19、t record allCPDLC communications, using an approved data message set.CPDLC messages must be recorded as the output signal fromthe communications unit that translates the signal into usabledata.4.1.2 If required by the provisions of 4.1.1, the recordingrequirements for ambient voice communications on
20、 the flightdeck must be met by installing a cockpit-mounted areamicrophone, located in the best position for recording voicecommunications originating at the first and second pilotstations and voice communications of other crew members onthe flight deck when directed to those stations.4.1.2.1 The mi
21、crophone must be so located and, ifnecessary, the preamplifiers and filters of the recorder must beso adjusted or supplemented, so that the intelligibility of therecorded communications is as high as practicable whenrecorded under flight cockpit noise conditions and played back.Repeated aural or vis
22、ual playback of the record may be used inevaluating intelligibility.4.1.3 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so that the part of the communicationor audio signals specified in 4.1.1 obtained from each of thesources is recorded on a separate channel as sp
23、ecified in 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.7.TABLE 1 ATC Compliance Matrix, Section 4SectionAirworthiness LevelNumber ofEnginesType ofEngine(s)Stall SpeedCruiseSpeedMeteorologicalConditionsAltitude Maneuvers1234SMRTLMHLHDNILHNA44.14.1.14.1.1.14.1.1.24.1.1.34.1.1.44.1.1.54.1.1.64.1.24.1.2.14.1.34.1.3.14.1.3.24.1.3.34.
24、1.3.44.1.3.54.1.3.64.1.3.74.1.44.1.54.1.64.1.74.1.84.1.94.1.104.1.114.1.124.1.134.1.144.1.154.1.164.1.174.1.184.1.194.24.2.14.2.1.14.2.1.24.2.1.34.2.1.44.2.1.54.2.1.64.2.1.74.2.1.84.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.54.2.64.2.74.2.8F3228 1724.1.3.1 For the first channel, record signals from each boom,mask, or handhe
25、ld microphone, headset, or speaker used at thefirst pilot station.4.1.3.2 For the second channel, record signals from eachboom, mask, or handheld microphone, headset, or speaker usedat the second pilot station.4.1.3.3 For the third channel, record signals from thecockpit-mounted area microphone.4.1.
26、3.4 For the fourth channel, unless utilized in accordancewith 4.1.3.5, record signals from each boom, mask, or hand-held microphone, headset, or speaker used at the station for thethird and fourth crew members.4.1.3.5 If the stations specified in 4.1.3.4 are not required orif the signal at such a st
27、ation is picked up by another channel,then, for the fourth channel, record signals from each micro-phone on the flight deck that is used with the passengerloudspeaker system, if its signals are not picked up by anotherchannel.4.1.3.6 As far as is practicable, all sounds received by themicrophone(s)
28、listed in 4.1.3.1, 4.1.3.2, 4.1.3.4, and 4.1.3.5must be recorded without interruption irrespective of theposition of the interphone-transmitter key switch.4.1.3.7 The design of the microphone(s) listed in 4.1.3.1,4.1.3.2, 4.1.3.4, and 4.1.3.5 shall ensure that side tone for theflight crew is produce
29、d only when the interphone, publicaddress system, or radio transmitters are in use.4.1.4 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so it receives its electrical powerfrom the bus that provides the maximum reliability for opera-tion of the cockpit voice recorder
30、 without jeopardizing serviceto essential or emergency loads.4.1.5 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so that it remains powered for as longas possible without jeopardizing emergency operation of theaircraft.4.1.6 Each cockpit voice recorder required by
31、the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so there is an automatic means tosimultaneously stop the recorder and prevent each erasurefeature from functioning, within 10 min after crash impact.4.1.7 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so there is a means of
32、ensuring properoperation during preflight checking.4.1.8 If separate or individual cockpit voice recorder andflight data recorder units are required by the provisions of 4.1.1or 4.2.1, or both, each cockpit voice recorder so required mustbe installed so any single electrical failure external to ther
33、ecorder does not disable both the cockpit voice recorder(s) andthe flight data recorder(s).4.1.9 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provisionsof 4.1.1 must be installed so it has an independent powersource that provides 10 6 1 min of electrical power to operateboth the cockpit voice recorde
34、r and cockpit-mounted areamicrophone.4.1.10 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provi-sions of 4.1.1 must be installed so it has an independent powersource that is located as close as practicable to the cockpitvoice recorder.4.1.11 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provi-sions of 4
35、.1.1 must be installed so it has an independent powersource to which the cockpit voice recorder and cockpit-mounted area microphone are switched automatically in theevent that all other power to the cockpit voice recorder isinterrupted either by normal shutdown or by any other loss ofpower to the el
36、ectrical power bus.4.1.12 Each cockpit voice recorder required by the provi-sions of 4.1.1 must be installed so it is in a separate containerfrom the flight data recorder when both are required. If used tocomply with only the cockpit voice recorder requirements, acombination unit may be installed.4.
37、1.13 For each cockpit voice recorder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, the recorder container must be located andmounted to minimize the probability of rupture of the containeras a result of crash impact and consequent heat damage to therecorder from fire.4.1.14 Except as provided in 4.1.15, for e
38、ach cockpit voicerecorder required by the provisions of 4.1.1, the recordercontainer must be located as far aft as practicable, but need notbe outside of the pressurized compartment, and may not belocated where aft-mounted engines may crush the containerduring impact.4.1.15 For each cockpit voice re
39、corder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, if two separate combination digital flightdata recorder and cockpit voice recorder units are installedinstead of one cockpit voice recorder and one digital flight datarecorder, the combination unit that is installed to comply withthe cockpit voice recorder
40、requirements may be located nearthe cockpit.4.1.16 For each cockpit voice recorder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, if the cockpit voice recorder has a bulkerasure device, the installation must be designed to minimizethe probability of inadvertent operation and actuation of thedevice during crash
41、 impact.4.1.17 For each cockpit voice recorder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, each recorder container must be eitherbright orange or bright yellow.4.1.18 For each cockpit voice recorder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, each recorder container must have reflec-tive tape affixed to its externa
42、l surface to facilitate its locationunder water.4.1.19 For each cockpit voice recorder required by theprovisions of 4.1.1, each recorder container must have anunderwater locating device, when required by the operatingrules of the governing civil aviation authority, on or adjacent tothe container whi
43、ch is secured in such manner that they are notlikely to be separated during crash impact.4.2 Flight Data Recorders:4.2.1 Each flight recorder required by the operating rules ofthe governing civil aviation authority must be installed so tomeet the requirements of 4.2.1.1 4.2.1.8.4.2.1.1 Each flight r
44、ecorder must be supplied with airspeed,altitude, and directional data obtained from sources that meetthe accuracy requirements of Specifications F3120/F3120Mand F3233/F3233M as appropriate.4.2.1.2 Each flight recorder must be installed so that thevertical acceleration sensor is rigidly attached, and
45、 locatedF3228 173longitudinally either within the approved center of gravitylimits of the aircraft, or at a distance forward or aft of theselimits that does not exceed 25 % of the aircrafts meanaerodynamic chord.4.2.1.3 Each flight recorder must receive its electrical powerfrom the bus that provides
46、 the maximum reliability for opera-tion of the flight data recorder without jeopardizing service toessential or emergency loads.4.2.1.4 Each flight recorder must remain powered for aslong as possible without jeopardizing emergency operation ofthe aircraft.4.2.1.5 There must be an aural or visual mea
47、ns for preflightchecking of the recorder for proper recording of data in thestorage medium.4.2.1.6 Except for recorders powered solely by the engine-driven electrical generator system, there must be an automaticmeans to simultaneously stop a recorder that has a data erasurefeature and prevent each e
48、rasure feature from functioning,within 10 min after crash impact.4.2.1.7 Each flight recorder must be installed so that it is ina separate container from the cockpit voice recorder whenindividual units are required. If used to comply with only theflight data recorder requirements, a combination unit
49、 may beinstalled.4.2.1.8 If a combination unit is installed as a cockpit voicerecorder to comply with 4.1.15, a combination unit must beused to comply with this flight data recorder requirement.4.2.2 If separate or individual cockpit voice recorder andflight data recorder units are required by the provisions of 4.1.1or 4.2.1, or both, each flight data recorder so required must beinstalled so that any single electrical failure external to therecorder does not disable both the cockpit voice recorder(s) andthe flight data recorder(s).4.2.3 For each flight data recorder requi
