1、Designation: F3315 18Standard Guide forTraining of Abandoned or Inactive Mine Search and RescueTeam Member1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3315; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requiredfor personnel who take part in search and rescue (SAR)operations in aba
3、ndoned or inactive mines.1.2 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue teammember will be able to perform all general land search andrescue functions.1.3 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue teammember is not trained for SAR operations in surface mines,tunnels, or caves.1.4 This gui
4、de applies to underground mines only. It doesnot apply to surface mines, tunnels, or caves.1.5 This guide does not apply to search and rescue opera-tions on, or in, bodies of water within abandoned or inactivemines.1.6 In accordance with Classification F1993, an abandonedor inactive mine search and
5、rescue team member shall beclassified as part of any of the following resources:1.6.1 CategoryLand search.1.6.1.1 KindNon-wilderness;1.6.1.2 KindWilderness;1.6.1.3 Duration12 h.1.6.2 CategoryLand rescue and land search and rescue.1.6.2.1 KindNon-wilderness;1.6.2.2 KindWilderness;1.6.2.3 Duration12 h
6、.1.6.3 CategoryRope rescue crew (or team).1.6.3.1 KindNon-wilderness;1.6.3.2 KindWilderness;1.6.3.3 Duration12 h.1.7 Other training may be required before an endorsedabandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team membercan fully participate as part of a particular category and kind ofteam or crew
7、, based on specific local needs, regulations, orpolicies.1.8 This guide has references specific to use in the UnitedStates of America, but it may be adapted for use in othercountries.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is there
8、sponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard
9、-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountainee
10、ring,Search and Rescue Equipment and PracticesF1993 Classification System of Human Land Search andRescue ResourcesF2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team MemberF2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and RescueTeam MemberF2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1)Rescuer Endorsement
11、F2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and RescuePersonnelF3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book(PTB)F3222 Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Res-cue Standards and Guides2.2 Other Documents:NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Testing for WildlandFirefighters2Title 30 of the Co
12、de of Federal Regulations (30 CFR)3Chap-ter I, Subchapter H, Part 49, Mine Rescue Teams1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Searchand Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,Training and Education.Current edition approved April 1, 2
13、018. Published May 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F331518.2An electronic copy of the publication is available at: https:/www.nwcg.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pms307.pdf3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/w
14、ww.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDe
15、velopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations (42 CFR)3Chap-ter I, Subchapter G, Part 84, Subpart H, Self-ContainedBreathing ApparatusTitle 42 of the Cod
16、e of Federal Regulations (42 CFR)3Chap-ter I, Subchapter G, Part 84, Subpart O, Closed-CircuitEscape Respirators3. Terminology3.1 Acronyms:3.1.1 AHJAuthority Having Jurisdiction.3.1.2 CCERClosed-Circuit Escape Respirator.3.1.3 CFRCode of Federal Regulations.3.1.4 IDLHImmediately Dangerous to Life or
17、 Health.3.1.5 MSHAMine Safety and Health Administration.3.1.6 NPSNational Park Service.3.1.7 NWCGNational Wildfire Coordinating Group.3.1.8 OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administra-tion.3.1.9 PPEPersonal Protective Equipment.3.1.10 PTBPosition Task Book3.1.11 SAR(1) Search and Rescue; (2) Suppl
18、ied Air Res-pirator.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 abandoned mine, na mine is considered abandonedif there is no identifiable owner or operator for the facility, orif the facility has reverted to federal ownership.43.2.2 closed circuit breathing apparatus, nsystem forprovid
19、ing breathable air in which the exhalation is rebreathedby the wearer after the carbon dioxide has been effectivelyremoved and a suitable oxygen concentration restored from asource of compressed, chemical, or liquid oxygen .Also knownas a rebreather. 42 CFR 84.703.2.3 closed-circuit escape respirato
20、r (CCER), nself-contained closed circuit breathing apparatus, worn by the user,which provides breathable air to the user, allowing the user toescape from a location with an IDLH atmosphere. Alsoreferred to as self-rescue unit, self-contained self-rescuer(SCSR), emergency escape breathing device (EEB
21、D), emer-gency escape breathing apparatus (EEBA), escape cylinder, orescape bottle.3.2.4 inactive mine, na mine is considered to be inactive ifthere is an identifiable owner or operator of the facility but thefacility is not currently operating and there are no approvedauthorizations or permits to o
22、perate.43.2.5 IDLH, nImmediately Dangerous to Life or Health;an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, wouldcause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair anindividuals ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. 29CFR 1910.134 (b)3.2.6 open circuit breathing apparatus, na
23、 breathingapparatus, worn by the user, which provides breathable airfrom a compressed air supply, exhausting exhaled air outsidethe system.3.2.7 supplied air respirator, na partial or full face maskthat provides breathable air to the user via a hose from anexternal source.3.3 Refer to Guides F1993,
24、F2209, F2751, F2752 andTerminologies F1773 and F3222 for definitions of search andrescue terms used in this guide.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for trainingof abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members as it relatesto their general, field, and abandoned or ina
25、ctive mine searchand rescue specific knowledge. No other advanced skills areincluded or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as an abandoned orinactive mine SAR team member shall have met the require-ments of this guide.4.3 Certain specialized environments may require othercapabilities or endo
26、rsements or further training depending onthe regulations and policies of the AHJ.4.4 Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members trainedas defined in this guide shall not be assumed to possessadequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-criticaldecisions.Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team mem
27、bers arequalified to perform SAR operations in abandoned or inactivemines under qualified supervision designated by the incidentcommander in accordance with AHJ policies.4.5 This guide is an outline of the topics required fortraining or evaluating abandoned or inactive mine SAR TeamMembers. It may,
28、however, be used to assist in the develop-ment of, or to complement, a complete training document orprogram.4.6 This guide can be used to evaluate a training documentor program to determine if its content includes the topicsnecessary for training an abandoned or inactive mine SARteam member.4.7 This
29、 guide does not stand alone and must be used withthe referenced documents to identify the knowledge, skills, andabilities required of an abandoned or inactive mine SAR teammember.4.8 Because SAR operations in and around abandoned orinactive underground mines are inherently hazardous, regionaland nat
30、ional safety standards shall be included in the policiesand procedures of the AHJ.4.9 Practitioners shall complete all activities based on asound analysis of risk versus benefit, and shall follow allfederal, tribal, state, provincial, local, regional, and other safetystandards which apply to SAR ope
31、rations in abandoned orinactive mines.4.10 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is anoutline of the topics required for training or evaluating anabandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.4Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Environmental Assessment, http:/www.mbmg.mtech.edu/env/env-
32、abdmines.asp#minesF3315 1824.11 The training requirements defined in this guide are notpresented in any particular order and do not represent a trainingsequence.4.12 Except where a physical skill must be shown, the AHJshall determine the best way to evaluate a persons knowledge.This may be by writte
33、n exam, oral exam, demonstration, orother means specified by the AHJ.4.12.1 Position task books (PTB), or equivalent documen-tation that validates and verifies the completion of all requiredareas of training, may be used to meet this requirement.4.12.2 If position task books are used they shall comp
34、lywith the provisions of Guide F3068.4.13 Certification or qualification renewal periods shall bedetermined by the AHJ.4.14 Where uncommon hazards are known to exist inabandoned or inactive mines in the normal area of operations,the AHJ shall consider requiring further training to meet thesetechnica
35、l challenges.4.15 Use of this guide is based on the expectation that theAHJ provides, maintains, and inspects PPE for mine search andrescue in accordance with the provisions of 30 CFR, Chapter I,Subchapter H, Part 49, Subparts A and B.5. General Search and Rescue Knowledge, Skills, andAbilities5.1 A
36、bandoned or inactive mine SAR team members shallsuccessfully complete the training and meet all requirements inthe following:5.1.1 Guide F2209, with the exception of the navigationtraining listed in Section 8;5.1.1.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the type andamount of navigation training re
37、quired for an abandoned orinactive mine SAR team member.5.1.2 Guide F2751;5.1.3 Guide F2752;5.1.4 Guide F2890.5.2 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shallmeet minimum physical fitness, physical capacity, and medicalfitness requirements determined by the AHJ.5.2.1 The minimum recommended p
38、hysical fitness require-ment is the “moderate” work capacity defined in NWCG PMS307.5.2.2 The minimum recommended physical capacity re-quirements are defined in 30 CFR 49.7 or 49.17.5.2.3 The minimum recommended medical fitness require-ments are defined in 30 CFR 49.7 and 49.17.6. Personal Equipment
39、6.1 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shallpossess and carry sufficient personal protective equipment(PPE) and gear to function safely and effectively in theworking environment. This PPE and gear shall include, at aminimum, the following:6.1.1 Head protection (helmet);6.1.2 Head lamp;6.1
40、.3 Hand protection (gloves);6.1.4 Eye protection (glasses/goggles/shield);6.1.5 Sufficient clothing appropriate to the environment andterrain;6.1.6 Seat harness;6.1.7 Connectors/carabiners;6.1.8 Slings/lanyards (for personal use);6.1.9 Ascending equipment;6.1.10 Descending equipment;6.1.11 Closed-ci
41、rcuit escape respirator (CCER) capable ofproviding breathing air for a minimum of 30 min.6.1.12 Self-contained breathing apparatus with a minimumof 4 h capacity, approved by MSHAand NIOSH under 42 CFRPart 84, Subpart H.6.1.13 Gas detector(s), appropriate for each type of gas thatmay be encountered i
42、n the abandoned or inactive mines in thenormal area of operations, which meet the provisions of 30CFR 49.6(a)(6) or 49.16(a)(6).6.2 All PPE shall be approved for use in mines withpotentially hazardous and/or explosive atmospheres.6.3 All breathing apparatus and gas detectors shall bemaintained by th
43、e AHJ in accordance with the provisions of 30CFR, Chapter I, Subchapter H, Part 49.7. Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Specific to SAROperations in Abandoned or Inactive Mines7.1 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shallpossess both attitude and aptitude for working underground,and must ha
44、ve the ability to move safely and effectivelyanywhere in the working environment.7.2 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shalldemonstrate the ability to travel safely, as an individual and asa member of a team, in an abandoned and/or inactive mine.7.3 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team
45、 member shalldemonstrate the ability to perform tasks in an undergroundmine under the following conditions:7.3.1 While wearing personal protective equipment (PPE),including emergency breathing apparatus;7.3.2 In physically restricted spaces;7.3.3 In low light or dark conditions;7.3.4 In extreme heat
46、 and cold conditions.7.4 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shalldemonstrate the ability to do the following in a safe manner inan underground mine:7.4.1 Work in positions out of normal body alignment,including twisting and turning;7.4.2 Lift, push, and pull equipment, including loadedpat
47、ient transport devices;7.4.3 Work around still and moving water in which toxicchemicals may be present;7.4.4 Carry heavy loads of at least 50 lb on loose anduneven ground with unstable footing and unprotected edges.7.5 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shallunderstand the need for, and d
48、emonstrate the proper use of,equipment for SAR operations in abandoned or inactive mines,including:7.5.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE);7.5.2 Personal rescue equipment;F3315 1837.5.3 Equipment for monitoring the abandoned or inactivemine environment, including;7.5.3.1 Atmospheric gas monitor;7.
49、5.3.2 Vane anemometer;7.5.3.3 Barometer;7.5.4 Hardwire communications equipment;7.5.5 Mine ventilation equipment;7.5.6 Any other equipment required by the AHJ for SARoperations in an abandoned or inactive mine.7.6 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shallunderstand the need for, and demonstrate, the followingpractices or procedures:7.6.1 Lockout/tagout;7.6.2 Simple decontamination.7.7 An abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shalldemonstrate knowledge of underground mine characteristicsand hazards, including:7.7.1 Terminology;7.7.2 Ty
