1、Designation: G 11 04Standard Test Method forEffects of Outdoor Weathering on Pipeline Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 11; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to define conditions for theexposure of coated pipe to weather.1.2 This test method specifies qualificatio
3、ns for the samples,procedure to be followed in exposure to weather, and proce-dure for evaluating effects of exposure including visual exami-nation and other tests.1.3 The values stated in SI units to three significant deci-mals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are
4、for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
5、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2G8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of PipelineCoatingsG10 Test Method for Specific Bendability of PipelineCoatingsG12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of FilmThickness of Pipeline Coatings on SteelG14 Test Method for Impact Resistance o
6、f Pipeline Coat-ings (Falling Weight Test)G62 Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coat-ingsG70 Test Method for Ring Bendability of Pipeline Coat-ings (Squeeze Test)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The effects of outdoor weathering on pipeline coatingsafter 6, 12, and 24 months exposure are de
7、termined visuallyand by electrical means by comparing exposed samples ofcoated pipe with unexposed samples of coated pipe before andafter impact and bending tests. At the beginning of the test thestarting samples are qualified by a cathodic disbonding test.4. Significance and Use4.1 Since coated pip
8、e may be stored outdoors for longperiods before burial, weathering tests of the type described inthis test method are needed to evaluate the stability of thesecoatings stored outdoors. The results obtained should betreated only as indicating the general effect of weathering.Exposure conditions vary
9、greatly from year to year, from onepart of a year to another, and from locality to locality. Theresults of short-term exposure tests in the north are moremeaningful if exposure is started in the summer followed by awinter season. In southern areas where climatic conditions aremore uniform throughout
10、 the year, the time of year whenshort-term exposure is started is less critical. In all localities,the longer the exposure period, the more reliable are the resultsobtained.5. Location of Test Sites5.1 Weathering racks shall be located in cleared areasrepresentative of local outdoor weather conditio
11、ns.6. Apparatus6.1 RacksThe horizontal racks shall be any suitable pipestorage racks of sufficient height to prevent any undesirableeffects of vegetation growth during the period of exposure.Racks may be constructed from a variety of materials, but pipespecimens must rest on a nonconductive surface.
12、 An exampleof a suitable rack is illustrated in Fig. 1.7. Sampling7.1 Each starting sample shall consist of coated 26.7-mm(34-in. nominal) diameter steel pipe from a production lothaving a minimum length of 4.4 m (14.4 ft). The sample shall1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe
13、e D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as G
14、 11 88 (1996)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
15、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be from a lot produced under conditions capable of beingduplicated on a production scale.NOTE 1Pipe having a nominal diameter of 33.4-mm (1-in. nominal)can be used and is the largest diameter that can be evaluated in accordancewit
16、h Test Method G10. Larger diameter pipes can be evaluated inaccordance with Test Method G70.7.2 Each starting sample shall have a piece 600 mm (24 in.)long cut from one end by sawing for use in qualification testing(Section 8) and designated the “qualification sample.” Theremainder of each starting
17、sample shall be designated the“sample.”7.3 The total number of samples for each coating in testshall be four, divided as follows:7.3.1 One to be removed after 6-months exposure,7.3.2 One to be removed after 12-months exposure,7.3.3 One to be removed after 24-months exposure, and7.3.4 One to be used
18、for determining original control values,which should be obtained as soon as possible on receipt of thepipe.8. Procedure for Qualification Testing8.1 Test each qualification sample in accordance with TestMethods G8, Test Method B.8.2 Begin qualification testing at the same approximate timeas sample t
19、esting.8.3 If the results of the qualification testing are within theprecision limits given in Test Methods G8, consider thesamples to be reasonably equivalent and proceed with sampletesting.8.4 If the results of the qualification testing are not withinthe precision limits given in Test Methods G8,
20、consider thesamples to be unequivalent and discontinue exposure testing.9. Procedure for Sample Testing9.1 Identify the test samples with a letter, number, orsymbol for ready identification after exposure. The markingshall not interfere with either the exposure or the testing.9.2 Note and record the
21、 appearance of the sample.9.3 Measure and record the coating thickness in accordancewith Test Method G12.9.4 Check coating for holidays with the appropriate detec-tor, as described in Test Methods G62.9.5 Make two 80-mm (3-in.) long scribes through thecoating to bare metal. Begin one scribe at a poi
22、nt approxi-mately 230-mm (9-in.) from one end of the pipe and continueit for 80 mm along the length of the pipe; begin the other scribeat a point approximately 230 mm from the opposite end of thepipe and continue it for 80 mm along the length of the pipe.Make sure that one scribe is on the top of th
23、e pipe, the other onthe bottom.9.6 Mount the samples on the rack as shown in Fig. 1 withone scribe facing skyward and one facing toward the ground.Group the three samples together so that like samples are lyingalongside one another.9.7 After exposure, again note and record the appearance ofthe sampl
24、e and check for holidays in the manner followed priorto exposure. Next examine the sample visually for cracking,checking, blistering, corrosion, undercutting from the inten-tional scribe, and any other form of impairment of the coating.9.8 Finally, cut a 300-mm (12-in.) specimen from one endof the s
25、ample, where the scribe is facing downward, andsubject to an impact test in accordance with Test Method G14.In the impact test, position the specimen so that the scribe facesdownward.NOTE 1All lumber is to be pretreated and painted.FIG. 1 Construction Details of Outdoor Weathering RackG110429.9 Subj
26、ect the remaining 2.5 m (8.2 ft) to a bend test inaccordance with Test Method G10. In the bend test, positionthe skyward face of the sample as the outside of the bend.9.10 Follow the procedure in 9.7, 9.8, and 9.9 on samplesremoved after each of the three exposure periods and compareresults with tho
27、se obtained on the control sample in 7.3.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Results of qualification tests,10.1.2 Sample number and description of coating systemincluding: surface preparation, method of application, andcoating thickness,10.1.3 Appearance of sample and presence or
28、 absence ofholidays prior to exposure,10.1.4 Appearance of sample, presence, or absence ofholidays after exposure, and duration of exposure,10.1.5 Visual evidence of coating failure as noted by 9.7,10.1.6 Results of impact and bend tests after exposure ascompared with those for the control sample, a
29、nd10.1.7 Type of environment and exposure.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision requirements for qualification testing in8.3 of this test method and the precision requirements given inTest Method G12 shall apply. Variations in samples andqualification samples shall be within respective precision
30、limitsfor this test method to be valid. Bias cannot be determinedsince no generally accepted standards are available. The resultsobtained should be treated only as indicating the general effectof the weather directly effecting the test samples during the testperiod at the chosen test site. Exposure
31、conditions vary greatlyfrom year to year, from one part of the year to another, andfrom locality to locality.12. Keywords12.1 coated pipe storage; outdoor weathering; pipeline coat-ings; weather resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in c
32、onnection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the resp
33、onsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefu
34、l consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,
35、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).G11043
