1、Designation: G115 10 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forMeasuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information to assist in the selectionof a method for measuring the frictional properties of materi-als. Requir
3、ements for minimum data and a format for present-ing these data are suggested. The use of the suggested reportingform will increase the long-term usefulness of the test resultswithin a given laboratory and will facilitate the exchange oftest results between laboratories. It is hoped that the use of
4、auniform reporting format will provide the basis for the prepa-ration of handbooks and computerized databases.1.2 This guide applies to most solid materials and to mostfriction measuring techniques and test equipment.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other unit
5、s of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applic
6、ability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by th
7、e World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C808 Guide for Reporting Friction and Wear Test Results ofManufactured Carbon and Graphite Bearing and SealMaterialsC1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient ofFriction of
8、Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by theHorizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn2014)3D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJa
9、mes MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Woodand Wood-Based Finish FlooringD2534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction forWax CoatingsD2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of theFalex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing MachineD3108/D3108M Test Method fo
10、r Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to Solid MaterialD3412/D3412M Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to YarnD3702 Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Fric-tion of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing ContactUsing a Thrust Washer Testing MachineD4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrat
11、e Surfaces forCoefficient of Friction TestingD4917 Test Method for Coefficient of Static and KineticFriction of Uncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use ofthe Horizontal Plane Method (Withdrawn 2010)3D4918 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction ofUncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use
12、of theInclined Plane Method (Withdrawn 2010)3D5183 Test Method for Determination of the Coefficient ofFriction of Lubricants Using the Four-Ball Wear TestMachineD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineE122 Practice
13、for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on PavedSurfaces Using the Mu-Meter1Thi
14、s guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear andErosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.50 on Friction.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1993. Last previous edition was approved in 2013 as G115 10 (2013). DOI:10.
15、1520/G0115-10R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historica
16、l standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision o
17、n Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface FrictionalProperties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester (Withdrawn2018)3E2100 Practi
18、ce for Calculating the International RunwayFriction IndexE2101 Test Method for Measuring the Frictional Propertiesof Winter Contaminated Pavement Surfaces Using anAveraging-Type Spot Measuring DecelerometerF609 Test Method for Using a Horizontal Pull Slipmeter(HPS)F695 Practice for Ranking of Test D
19、ata Obtained for Mea-surement of Slip Resistance of Footwear Sole, Heel, andRelated Materials (Withdrawn 2018)3F732 Test Method for Wear Testing of Polymeric MaterialsUsed in Total Joint ProsthesesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionG77 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials toSlidi
20、ng Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear TestG99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-DiskApparatusG133 Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-FlatSliding WearG137 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Mate-rials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configura-tionG143 Test Method for
21、Measurement of Web/Roller FrictionCharacteristicsG163 Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear andFriction Measurements (Withdrawn 2016)3G164 Test Method for Determination of Surface Lubricationon Flexible WebsG176 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics toSliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring W
22、ear TestCumulative Wear MethodG181 Test Method for Conducting Friction Tests of PistonRing and Cylinder Liner Materials Under LubricatedConditionsG182 Test Method for Determination of the BreakawayFriction Characteristics of Rolling Element BearingsG194 Test Method for Measuring Rolling Friction Cha
23、rac-teristics of a Spherical Shape on a Flat Horizontal Plane3. Terminology3.1 For definitions relating to frictional properties ofmaterials, refer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 stick-slip, nrelaxation oscillation usually associatedwith a decrease in the coefficient of friction as the rel
24、ativevelocity increases.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe usual manifestation is a cyclingdecrease and subsequent increase in the friction force as slidingproceeds (Fig. 1).4. Summary of Guide4.1 Current ASTM International friction test standards aretabulated in this guide so that users can review available tes
25、tmethods and determine which method may be most applicablefor a particular application. Any of the listed tests or otheraccepted test may be used. General friction testing precautionsare cited and a prescribed method of recording friction data isrecommended. This guide is intended to promote the use
26、 of thisstandard reporting system and standard friction test methods.4.2 The use of one of the test methods (Table 1) cited in thisguide will give assurance of a testing procedure that has beenagreed-to for a particular application. In addition, it is impor-tant to keep in mind that friction is a sy
27、stem property. Thecoefficient of friction of polystyrene on mild steel measured ona sled test (Test Method D1894) will probably be different thanthe coefficient of the same couple measured on a block-on-ringtester (Test Method G176) since the coeffcient of friction is asystem effect.4.3 Data develop
28、ed by others can be useful if sufficientinformation is presented to characterize the tribosystem used intesting. Conformance with this guide in testing and reportingshould produce data that can be reviewed for applicability to aparticular tribosystem.5. Significance and Use5.1 In this guide, factors
29、 that shall be considered in con-ducting a valid test for the determination of the coefficient offriction of a tribosystem are covered, and the use of a standardreporting format for friction data is encouraged.5.2 The factors that are important for a valid test may not beobvious to non-tribologists,
30、 and the friction tests referencedwill assist in selecting the apparatus and test technique that ismost appropriate to simulate a tribosystem of interest.5.3 The tribology literature is replete with friction data thatcannot readily be used by others because specifics are notpresented on the tribosys
31、tem that was used to develop the data.The overall goal of this guide is to provide a reporting formatthat will enable computer databases to be readily established.These databases can be searched for material couples andtribosystems of interest. Their use will significantly reduce theneed for each la
32、boratory to do its own testing. Sufficientinformation on test conditions will be available to determineapplicability of the friction data to the engineers specificneeds.6. Apparatus6.1 Any of the devices shown schematically in Table 1 canbe used to measure the friction forces in a sliding system. We
33、artest machines are often equipped with sensors to measureFIG. 1 Typical Force versus Distance Behavior for a System thatExhibits Stick-Slip BehaviorG115 10 (2018)2TABLE1ASTMFrictionTestsandApplicableMaterialsStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationC808/D02.F0onManufacturedCarbonan
34、dGraphiteProductsGuideforReportingFrictionandWearTestResultsofManufacturedCarbonandGraphiteBearingandSealMateri-alsCarbonversusothermate-rials (sandk)anyC1028/C21onCeramicWhitewaresandRe-latedProductsTestMethodforDeterminingtheStaticCoefficientofFrictionofCeramicTileandOtherLikeSurfacesbytheHori-zon
35、talDynamometerPull-MeterMethodStaticCOFwetanddryD1894/D20onPlasticsTestMethodforStaticandKineticCo-efficientsofFrictionofPlasticFilmandSheetingPlasticfilmversusstifforothersolids(sandk)D2047/D21onPolishesTestMethodforStaticCoefficientofFrictionofPolish-CoatedFlooringSur-facesasMeasuredbytheJamesMa-c
36、hineWalkingmaterialsversusshoeheelsandsoles(sandk)D2394/D07onWoodTestMethodsforSimulatedServiceTestingofWoodandWood-BaseFin-ishFlooringWoodandwoodbaseflooringversussoleleather(sandk)D2534/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforCoefficientofKineticFrictionforWaxCoatingsKineticcoefficientoff
37、ric-tionG115 10 (2018)3TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationD2714/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforCalibrationandOpera-tionoftheFalexBlock-on-RingFrictionandWearTestingMachineSteelringversussteelblock(lubricatedwithstan-dardoil)(k)D3108/D3108M/D13o
38、nTextilesTestMethodforCoefficientofFriction,YarntoSolidMaterialTextileyarnversussolids(k)D3412/D3412M/D13onTextilesTestMethodforCoefficientofFriction,YarntoYarnContinuousfilamentandspunyarnsself-mated(sandk)D3702/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforWearRateandCoeffi-cientofFrictionofMat
39、erialsinSelf-LubricatedRubbingContactUsingaThrustWasherTestingMachineKineticCOFD4103/D21onPolishesPracticeforPreparationofSubstrateSurfacesforCoefficientofFrictionTest-ingVinylandwoodtiles(preparation)anyG115 10 (2018)4TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationD4917/D0
40、6onPaperandPaperProductsTestMethodforCoefficientofStaticandKineticFrictionofUncoatedWrit-ingandPrintingPaperbyUseoftheHorizontalPlaneMethodsandkD4918/D06onPaperandPaperProductsTestMethodforCoefficientofStaticFrictionofUncoatedWritingandPrint-ingPaperbyUseoftheInclinedPlaneMethodStaticCOFD5183/D02onP
41、etroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforDeterminationoftheCoefficientofFrictionofLubricantsUs-ingtheFour-BallWearTestMachineCoefficientofforceforeachincrementof10kgfD6425/D02onPetroleumProductsandLu-bricantsTestMethodforMeasuringFrictionandWearPropertiesofExtremePressure(EP)LubricatingOilsUsingSR
42、VTestMachineCoefficientoffrictionfortest(min,max,andatin-crementsthroughoutthetest)E303/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringSurfaceFrictionalPropertiesUsingtheBritishPendulumTesterRubberversuspavement(BPNBritishPendulumNumber)G115 10 (2018)5TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasure
43、dParametersTestConfigurationE670/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforTestingSideForceFrictiononPavedSurfacesUsingtheMu-MeterTiresversuspavementMuNumber(FdryFwet)E1911/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringPavedSur-faceFrictionalPropertiesUsingtheDynamicFrictionTesterDynamicfrictionn
44、umbers(DNF)at12,24,36,and48mphE2100/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsPracticeforCalculatingtheInterna-tionalRunwayFrictionIndexFrictionindexforsnowonarunwayE2101/E17onVehicle-PavementSystemsTestMethodforMeasuringtheFrictionPropertiesofWinterContaminatedPavementSurfacesUsinganAveraging-TypeSpotMeasuringDe
45、cel-erometerFrictionindexforpave-mentF609/F13onPedestrian/WalkwaySafetyandFootwearTestMethodforUsingaHorizontalPullSlipmeter(HPS)Footwearmaterialsversuswalkingsurfaces(s)SameasD2047F695/F13onPedestrian/WalkwaySafetyandFootwearPracticeforRankingofTestDataOb-tainedforMeasurementofSlipResis-tanceofFoot
46、wearSole,Heel,andRe-latedMaterialsFootwearmaterialsversuswalkingsurfaces(reliablerankingoffootwearforslipresistance) (k)SameasD2047G115 10 (2018)6TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationF732/F04onMedicalandSurgicalMaterialsandDevicesTestMethodforWearTestingofPoly-mer
47、icMaterialsUsedinTotalJointProsthesesMaterialsforhumanjoints(k)G77/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofMaterialstoSlidingWearUsingBlock-on-RingWearTestsinitialkfinalkfinalG99/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforWearTestingwithaPin-on-DiskApparatusCOFG133/G02WearandErosionTestMethodforLine
48、arlyReciprocatingBall-on-FlatSlidingWearkSameasF732G137/G02WearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofPlasticMaterialstoSlidingWearUsingaBlock-On-RingConfigurationkG115 10 (2018)7TABLE1ContinuedStandard/CommitteeTitleMeasuredParametersTestConfigurationG143/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforMeasurem
49、entofWeb/RollerFrictionCharacteristicsskG163/G02onWearandErosionGuideforDigitalDataAcquisitioninWearandFrictionMeasurementsGuidelinesondataacqui-sitionAnyrigG164/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforDeterminationofSur-faceLubricationonFlexibleWebssG176/G02onWearandErosionTestMethodforRankingResistanceofPlasticstoSlidingWearusingBlock-on-RingWearTestCumulativeWearMethodskinitialkfinalG181/G02onWearandErosionPracticeforConductingFrictionTestsofPistonRingandCylinderLinerMa-terialsUnderLubricatedConditionsAveragecoefficientoffric-tionG115 10 (2
