1、Designation: G 122 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONMany systems require a high degree of cleanliness. For example, gaseous and liquid oxygen systemsmust be clean, partic
3、ularly of hydrocarbons, to avoid the potential hazard of a reaction and subsequentfire or explosion. Typically, chlorinated solvents have been used to clean systems and equipment thatmust be free of hydrocarbons and other contaminants. Environmental concerns dictate that suitablereplacements are nee
4、ded. This test method presents a procedure that may be used to evaluate candidateaqueous or non aqueous cleaning agents.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating thecapability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contami-nation to the desired level.1.2 The test coupons pro
5、vide a relatively rough surface towhich contamination can easily adhere.1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent dependsupon the method by which it is used and the characteristics ofthe article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material.Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should in
6、clude testing ofactual products and production process.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
7、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1193 Specification for Reagent Wate
8、r2E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3F 331 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of HalogenatedSolvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Ro-tary Flash Evapor
9、ator)4G 94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service3G 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents32.2 ANSI Standard:D46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness,Lay)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cleaning effectiveness factor (CE
10、F), nthe fraction ofcontaminant removed from an initially contaminated testcoupon and determined by gravimetric techniques.3.1.2 residual contamination Rc, nthe absolute mass ofcontaminant remaining after the cleaning process and ex-pressed in milligrams per square centimetre of area or option-ally
11、as milligrams per square foot.3.1.3 surface roughness, RA, nthe arithmetic averagedeviation of the surface profile from the centerline, normallyreported in micrometres.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides quantitative results as to theability of a specific cleaning agent/process fo
12、r removingselected contaminants from standard coupons. The couponsused for testing are prepared in accordance with PracticeG 121. Cleaning is performed using a cleaning tank with orwithout ultrasonic agitation, elavated temperature or othercleaning enhancement features and depends on the manufac-tur
13、ers instructions. The effectiveness of the cleaning process is1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G4 onCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved O
14、ct. 10, 1996. Published December 1996. Originallypublished as G 122 93. Last previous edition G 122 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.5Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St.,
15、13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.represented as CEF, the cleaning effectiveness factor, that is thefraction of the contaminant removed as determined by gravi-metric techniques. A control c
16、oupon is used to account for anycorrosion or material removal effects due to the cleaningagent/process.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this test method is to define a procedurefor evaluating the capability of cleaning agents to cleanmetallic coupons. Based on the outcome of the testing, su
17、itablecleaning agents may be selected for cleaning in general and foroxygen service in particular.5.2 The cleaning parameters can be changed and the testmethod can be repeated. The usual cleaning parameters includecleaning agent concentration, temperature, and time; type andstrength of ultrasonic en
18、ergy or agitation, if used, and others.NOTE 1Usual cleaning parameters are based on the manufacturersrecommendations.6. Apparatus6.1 Materials:6.1.1 Test Coupon, prepared in accordance with PracticeG 121. The mass of the coupon is approximately 30 to 45 g butwill vary significantly for each selected
19、 material. Typicalmaterials used in oxygen systems are described in Guide G 94.6.1.2 Control CouponThis is uncontaminated and is sub-jected to the identical cleaning procedure as the contaminatedcoupons and serves to evaluate corrosion, erosion of the testcoupons.6.1.3 Cleaning Agent, prepared accor
20、ding to the manufac-turers instructions. Specification D 1193 Type II water shall beused for preparing aqueous solutions.6.2 Equipment:6.2.1 Cleaning Tank, A vessel of sufficient size to conduct anumber of evaluations simultaneously. Testing is enhanced byhaving automatic temperature and time contro
21、ls. A cleaningtank with ultrasonics may be used.6.2.2 Balance, accuracy to 0.1 mg. However, 0.01 mgaccuracy is desirable to detect contamination levels of 10mg/m2(1 mg/ft2) or less.6.2.3 Beaker HolderA device to support beakers in theultrasonic cleaner tank such that the beakers do not contact thebo
22、ttom and sides of the tank.7. Test Procedure7.1 Prepare a minimum of six test coupons by PracticeG 121.7.2 Indicate the masses of coupons in grams as MXy whereX is the coupon designation (number, letter, or name) and y =1indicates a clean coupon, y = 2 indicates a contaminatedcoupon and y = 3 indica
23、tes a coupon after cleaning.7.3 Designate one coupon as the control coupon to undergocleaning without contamination.7.4 Measure the mass of the control and test coupons(recording them as MX1 as previously defined).7.5 Contaminate five test coupons in accordance with Prac-tice G 121.7.6 Measure the m
24、ass of all contaminated test coupons(recording them as MX2 as previously defined).7.7 Process the control coupon in the test cleaning solutionseparately from the contaminated test coupons.7.8 The contaminated test coupons can be processed inindependent beakers held in the cleaning tank or as a batch
25、 ina single beaker.7.9 Clean the test and control coupons in the candidatecleaning agent by the manufacturers procedure or selectedprocedure.7.9.1 Prepare the cleaning agent in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations.7.9.2 Select beakers of suitable size to accommodate the testcoupons and f
26、it the beaker holder.7.9.3 Wash the beakers thoroughly with a solution of liquid,surface-active cleaning agent in hot water and rinse with typeII water.7.9.4 Fill the beakers with the cleaning agent solution to alevel that will ensure the test coupons are submerged.7.9.5 Fill the cleaning tank to it
27、s operating level with thetransfer fluid and preheat to desired test temperature.7.9.6 Place the beakers in the beaker holder in the tank sothat the liquid levels in the tank and beakers are approximatelyequal.7.9.7 Allow the temperatures of the tank fluid and cleaningagent in the beakers to equilib
28、rate at the desired temperature.7.9.8 Suspend the test coupons and control coupon in thecleaning agent, using a wire hook of the same material as thecoupon or a compatible material. Position the coupons suchthat they do not touch the beaker or one another.7.9.9 Begin agitation or sonication in the c
29、leaning processand start the timer.7.9.10 Upon completing the required cleaning time, discon-tinue the agitation or sonication, and remove the coupons fromthe cleaning agent.7.9.11 Rinse the test coupon in accordance with the manu-facturers recommendations.7.9.12 Allow the suspended coupons to dry o
30、vernight or ina forced convection oven for one hour.NOTE 2Warning: Do not place test coupons directly in the oven afterapplication of the solution containing the contaminant. A fire may result ifthe solvent is flammable or rapid evaporation of the solvent may causespattering of the contaminant there
31、by reducing the amount of contaminanton the test coupon. It is recommended that the test coupons be air drieduntil no traces of a liquid phase are visible.7.9.13 Determine the final mass of each test coupon (record-ing them as MX3 as previously defined), including the controlcoupon.8. Calculation8.1
32、 Validation of ProcedureExamine the control couponsto determine whether they lost mass (such as might occur ifthere was corrosion occurring, if the coupons were dissolving,or if the standard cleaning procedure used prior to contamina-tion had left residue on the coupons); gained mass (such asmight o
33、ccur if the solution was plating a material on theirsurfaces, or was depositing contaminant rather than removingit) or exhibited the same mass. The simplest valid testprocedure is one in which there is no change in the control-coupons mass to within the measurement error of the balance.G 122 96 (200
34、2)28.1.1 If the control coupon is designated MC, and, if |MC3MC1 | balance error, then the experiment is valid.Proceed to calculate a cleaning effectiveness factor.8.1.2 If | MC3MC1 | is greater than the balance error, thetest may be considered to be suspect and the reason for themass change should
35、be investigated.8.2 Cleaning Effectiveness Factor (CEF):8.2.1 The cleaning effectiveness factor indicates the frac-tional contaminant that was removed during cleaning (forexample, CEF = 0.9 indicates that 90 % of the contaminantwas removed). CEF 5MX2 2 MX3MX2 2 MX1(1)where:MX2 MX3 = the mass of cont
36、aminant removed, andMX2 MX1 = the mass of contaminant applied.8.2.2 Calculate the CEF for each test coupon.8.2.3 Calculate the average CEF by arithmetic mean.8.3 Residual Contamination (RC):8.3.1 A cleaning agent does not necessarily remove a fixedfraction of the contamination on a given surface. In
37、 some cases,it cleans a surface to a constant residual cleanliness level. Forexample, sometimes the cleaned surface will exhibit a layer oforganic material that has remained after a fluid vehicle hasdried, and a constant RC for varying initial contaminationlevels suggests this may be happening.8.3.2
38、 Calculate the contaminated area (S) of each coupon insquare centimeters.8.3.3 Calculate the residual contamination that is(MX3MX1) in grams.8.3.4 Using the equation RC =(MX3MX1)/S, calculatethe value of RC for each coupon (milligrams/centimetre2).8.3.5 Determine an average RC in mg/cm2.8.3.6 As an
39、option, RC can be calculated in mg/ft2.9. Report9.1 Because of the many variables involved in conducting acleaning test program, it is necessary that all data be carefullydocumented.9.2 Report the following information, as applicable:9.2.1 Date of test,9.2.2 Technician,9.2.3 Contaminant identificati
40、on, and9.2.4 Coupon Data Refer to Practice G 121:9.2.4.1 Identification number of each coupon,9.2.4.2 Material,9.2.4.3 Surface roughness, (RA) micrometres, and9.2.4.4 Coupon Contaminated surface areas.9.2.5 Cleaning Data:9.2.5.1 Cleaning agent identification,9.2.5.2 Concentration of cleaning agent,9
41、.2.5.3 pH of diluted cleaning agent,9.2.5.4 Ultrasonic, soak, or agitation,9.2.5.5 Time,9.2.5.6 Temperature,9.2.5.7 Level of ultrasonic frequency (kHz), and9.2.5.8 Power density in watts per litre.9.2.6 Rinsing Data:9.2.6.1 Agent,9.2.6.2 Time,9.2.6.3 Temperature,9.2.6.4 Number of rinses, and9.2.6.5
42、Agitation method (if any).9.2.7 Drying Data:9.2.7.1 Method,9.2.7.2 Time, and9.2.7.3 Temperature.9.2.8 Test Data:9.2.8.1 Initial mass of each coupon, including control cou-pon, MX1 and MC1,9.2.8.2 Mass of each coupon with contaminant, MX2,9.2.8.3 Mass of each cleaned coupon after cleaning, MX3,and9.2
43、.8.4 Mass of control coupon after cleaning, MC3.9.2.8.5 Report | MC3MC1 | and give comparison tobalance error.9.2.8.6 Report (MX2MX3) and (MX2MX1) and CEFfor each test coupon.9.2.8.7 Report average CEF.9.2.8.8 Report area of contamination in square centimetres.9.2.8.9 Report (MX3MX1) and RC in milli
44、grams/squarecentimetre.9.2.8.10 Report average RC (mg/cm2).9.2.8.11 Report average RC in milligrams/foot2(optional).10. Precision and Bias10.1 An interlaboratory study of the cleaning effectivenessfactor (CEF) was conducted using the general test protocol ofPractice E 691 in six participating labora
45、tories with threematerials. However, not every laboratory evaluated everymaterial.610.1.1 The terms repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit in Table 1 are used as specified in Practice E 177.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedur
46、e for measur-ing the CEF in this test method, bias has not been determined.11. Keywords11.1 cleaning agents; cleaning evaluation; cleaning process;contaminant; oxygen; oxygen systems; reagent; solvent6A Research Report is available from ASTM Headquarters Request RR:G04-1001.TABLE 1 CEFPrecisionAMate
47、rialCEFAverageRepeat-abilityStandardDeviationRepro-ducibilityStandardDeviationRepeat-abilityLimitRepro-ducibilityLimitA 0.9866 0.0154 0.0197 0.0432 0.0552B 0.9531 0.0404 0.0507 0.1131 0.1420C 0.4074 0.1008 0.1146 0.2821 0.3208AThe table was calculated using the relationship: Limit = 2.8 3 standardde
48、viation.G 122 96 (2002)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
49、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
