1、Designation: G198 11 (Reapproved 2016)G198 17Standard Test Method forDetermining the Relative Corrosion Performance of DrivenFasteners in Contact with Treated Wood1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resista
3、nce of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth anddeformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparativetests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservativ
4、e-treated wood.1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the CyclicFog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretati
5、on of results.1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners,coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The v
6、alues in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regula
7、torylimitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organiza
8、tion Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareB117 Practice for Opera
9、ting Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross SectionB499 Test Method for Measurement of CoatingThicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic BasisMetalsB504 Test Method for Measuremen
10、t of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and SoftwoodsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Woo
11、d-Based MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersE376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing MethodsG1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test SpecimensG
12、60 Practice for Conducting Cyclic Humidity ExposuresG85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on Corrosion ofMetals in Construction Materials.Curr
13、ent edition approved July 15, 2016May 15, 2017. Published July 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asG198 11.G198 11 (2016). DOI:10.1520/G019811R16.DOI:10.1520/G019817.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactAST
14、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made
15、 to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Su
16、mmary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion2.2 American Wood Protection Association:3U1-09 Use Category System: Use Sp
17、ecification for Treated Wood3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology G193 contains other terms and definitions relating to corrosion and corrosion testing.Terminology D1165 contains other terms and definitions relating to wood and wood testing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
18、 bright, adjuncoated steel.3.2.2 fastener, nmetallic, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fastener.3.2.3 test sample, ncombination of fasteners installed into a treated wood specimen.3.2.4 wood specimen, nsection of wood into which fasteners are driven to form test sa
19、mples. Specimens may be treated fortesting of materials, coatings, or chemicals or may be untreated for use as controls.3.2.4.1 DiscussionWood cross-sectional dimensions are given in exact numbers for SI units and nominal numbers for inch-pound units.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method cov
20、ers the preparation, testing and evaluation of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth ordeformed shank driven fasteners installed in treated wood. Control specimens tested in the same conditions shall be hot-dipgalvanized fasteners that are coated as described in Specification A153/A153M
21、or bright fasteners with no coatings. The fastenersare installed in the treated wood specimen before testing so that the chemicals in the wood are in direct contact with the metal orcoating. Test samples are then tested in Steady State Moisture Tests or Cyclic Fog Tests. For each type of sample, sep
22、arate groupsof test samples shall be tested under either or both of the two test conditions. Procedures for conducting tests in two environmentalconditions, Steady State Moisture Tests and Cyclic Fog Tests, are described as well as position of the samples and measurementtechniques for determining th
23、e degree of corrosion. Guidance is given for methods of exposure and inspection of corroded fastenersin the two environmental conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, ornonmetallic-coated s
24、mooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given testenvironments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated,or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact wi
25、th different chemical wood treatments.5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in naturalenvironments.5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluationcr
26、iteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.6. Apparatus6.1 Steady State Moisture TestThe apparatus required for steady state moisture tests shall consist of a test chamber, provisionsfor heating the chamber, a humidifying tower, a supply of compressed air, sample supports, an
27、d necessary means of control.6.1.1 There are no size or construction requirements other than those needed to meet the requirements of the test method.6.1.2 A schematic diagram of a typical apparatus is shown in Practice G60, Figure 1.6.1.3 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a relative humid
28、ity of 95 % for 24 h a day for a period of at least 120 days.6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a constant temperature of 32 6 2C (90 6 3F).6.2 Cyclic Fog TestThe cyclic fog test shall consist of a fog chamber with a solution reservoir, a supply of suitably conditionedcompressed air,
29、one or more atomizing nozzles, specimen supports, provisions for heating the chamber and necessary means ofcontrolling fog spray and heating cycles and means of purging fog with fresh air prior to heat cycles for a period of at least 120days. The material of construction shall be such that it will n
30、ot affect the corrosiveness of the fog. Similar tests are described inPractice B117 and Practice G85 with the exception that these practices use salt solutions during the testing.6.2.1 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the sam
31、plesbeing exposed and shall not be returned to the reservoir for respraying.3 Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.G198 1726.2.2 Drops of solution which fall from the samples shall not be returned to the solution reservoir for
32、 respraying.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Water used for this test method shall conform to Type IV water as described in Specification D1193 and shall be referredto as purified water.8. Air Supply8.1 The compressed air supply shall be free of water, grease, oil and dirt.NOTE 1The air supply may be fr
33、eed from oil and dust by passing it through a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) to stopany oil from emerging. Many oil/water extractors have an expiration indicator; proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into account.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Te
34、st Units9.1 Fastener Specimens:9.1.1 A minimum of 65 fasteners shall be used for complete evaluation per this test method using both test conditions on anytype of sample fastener; metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated. Multiple fastener types may be tested in the same cycle oftesting with one s
35、et of control fasteners. Different fastener lengths may require different wood sizes to accommodate the lengthof the fasteners.9.1.2 Initial Cleaning of Metal, Metal-Coated, or Nonmetallic-Coated Smooth or Deformed Shank Driven FastenersInitialcleaning of fastener shall be done by rinsing with purif
36、ied water and drying with forced hot air, air temperature shall be between40 to 60C (104 to 140F).9.1.3 Coating MassFive randomly selected fasteners shall be taken from the cleaned group of fasteners and shall be strippedof coating and weighed to determine the average coating mass. Stripping and wei
37、ghing of zinc and zinc-alloy products shall bein accordance Test Method A90/A90M. The mass for an individual fastener shall be determined to the nearest 0.001 g (0.000032oz). Coatings other than zinc shall be stripped using an appropriate method to measure coating mass of the corrosion-resistantlaye
38、r(s). Coatings other than zinc and zinc-alloys shall have their mass or coating thickness determined by one of the followingmethods; Test Method B487, Test Method B499, Test Method B504, or Practice E376.9.1.4 Fastener DiameterThe sample group of five random fasteners from 9.1.3 shall be used to mea
39、sure the core diameter ofthe fastener. The diameter shall be measured at mid-length, 610 mm (60.4 in.), on the shank of each fastener and is the minimumdiameter measurement at the selected cross section. For deformed shank fasteners the measurement shall be made at a portion ofthe shank that has not
40、 been deformed, if such a surface is available. Portions of nail shanks with gripper marks shall also beavoided, if possible. The diameter shall be measured to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) The five sample diameter measurementsshall be averaged to obtain the group fastener diameter.9.1.5 Control
41、Fastener GroupThere shall be a group of hot-dip galvanized fasteners that are galvanized to SpecificationA153/A153M. When testing some coated fasteners, the more appropriate control fastener group will be bright fasteners rather thangalvanized fasteners. Fasteners in the control samples shall be of
42、the same nominal diameter and length as the fasteners that arebeing tested and shall have similar geometry to the fasteners that are being tested.9.2 Treated Wood Specimens:9.2.1 Each treated wood specimen used in this procedure shall be weighed using a balance or scale to the nearest 0.5 g (0.001lb
43、). Wood for this test method shall be Southern Pine sapwood. The sapwood of other wood species may be added to the testingprogram and details of the additional wood species shall be provided in the final test report.9.2.2 The treated wood specimens used in this procedure require a conditioning perio
44、d prior to installation or contact with thefasteners to be evaluated.9.2.2.1 The conditioning of the treated wood specimens shall be accomplished in an environmental chamber at a relativehumidity of 95 % with a tolerance for the controller measurement device of 63 % and a temperature of 32C (90F) wi
45、th atolerance on the temperature controller measurement of 62C (3F). The treated wood specimens shall be held in the chamber inthese conditions until the treated wood specimens reach equilibrium. Equilibrium is defined as no more than a 60.2 % change ina 24-h period of the average mass of ten random
46、ly selected treated wood specimens. These measurements shall be conducted every24 h, and mass shall be recorded and the change calculated until such equilibrium is achieved. Conditions for treated woodspecimen conditioning shall be the same as the Steady State Moisture Test conditions.9.2.2.2 Moistu
47、re content of the treated wood specimen shall be determined on one of the treated wood specimens. Thebeginning and final moisture content of the treated wood specimen shall be determined using calibrated meters in accordance withTest Method D4444 for samples with a known moisture adjustment for the
48、preservative or by oven drying methods in accordancewith Test Method D4442 for any sample.9.3 Test Samples:9.3.1 When preparation of the fastener specimens and the treated wood specimens are complete, the fastener specimens shallbe installed in contact with the treated wood specimens.9.3.2 The evalu
49、ation of the fasteners shall be conducted by installing them into the treated wood specimen as done inapplication, that is, by hand driving or power driving with no pre-drilled pilot holes. When the test objective is the comparisonG198 173of wood treatments, the use of pilot holes is permitted to reduce variables associated with fastener installation. Fastener heads shallbe installed such that the bottom of the fastener head is in contact with the surface of the treated wood specimen and shall not beinstalled so deep that the top of the fa
