1、Designation: G66 99 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forVisual Assessment of Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility of5XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (ASSET Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G66; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originalad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for continuousimmersion exfoliatio
3、n corrosion testing of 5XXX seriesaluminum-magnesium alloys containing 2.0 % or more mag-nesium.1.2 This test method applies only to wrought products.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does no
4、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
5、s:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterG15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-ing (Withdrawn 2010)32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASSET Tested Specimens (Glossy Prints)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 exfoliationcorrosion that proceeds laterally from thesites of initiation along planes par
6、allel to the surface, generallyat grain boundaries, forming corrosion products that forcemetal away from the body of the material, giving rise to alayered appearance (see Terminology G15).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Specimens are immersed for 24 h at 65 6 1C (150 62F) in a solution containing ammon
7、ium chloride, ammoniumnitrate, ammonium tartrate, and hydrogen peroxide. The sus-ceptibility to exfoliation is determined by visual examinationusing performance ratings established by reference to standardphotographs.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a reliable prediction of theex
8、foliation corrosion behavior of Al-Mg alloys in marineenvironments.5,6,7The test is useful for alloy developmentstudies and quality control of mill products such as sheet andplate.6. Apparatus6.1 Any suitable glass or plastic container can be used tocontain the solution and specimens during the test
9、 period.Depending upon the shape and size of the specimens, rods orracks of glass, plastic, or other inert substance shall be used tosupport the specimens above the bottom of the container. Thecontainer should be fitted with a removable cover to reduceevaporation.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsRea
10、gent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.7.2 Purity of WaterDistilled or deionized water conform-ing to Specification D1193. Type IV shall be used to preparethe test solution except chloride ion sodium limits can bedisregarded.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 o
11、nCorrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 onLaboratory Corrosion Tests. This method was developed by a joint task group withThe Aluminum Assoc., Inc.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1980. Last previous edition approve
12、d in 2005 as G66 99 (2005). DOI:10.1520/G0066-99R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last
13、 approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJG0066. Original adjunct produced in 1987.5Aluminum Association Technical Report T1,“ Exfoliation Corrosion Testing ofAluminum Alloys 5086 and 5456”.6Sprowls
14、, D. O., Walsh, J. D. and Shumaker, M. B., “Simplified ExfoliationTesting ofAluminumAlloys”, Localized CorrosionCause of Metal Failure, ASTMSTP 516, ASTM, 1972, pp 3865.7Summerson T. J., Interim Report, Aluminum Association Task Group onExfoliation and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys fo
15、r Boat Stock;Proceedings Tri-Service Corrosion Military Equipment Conference, October 2931,1974; Technical Report AFML-TR-75-42, Vol. II, p. 193221, February 1, 1975.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18. Test Solution8.1
16、Preparation of Test Solution:8.1.1 The test solution shall have the following composi-tion:NH4Cl (1.0 M)NH4NO3(0.25 M)(NH4)2C4H4O6(0.01 M)H2O2(0.09 M)8.1.2 Dissolve 53.5 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), 20.0 gammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), 1.8 g ammonium tartrate(NH4)2C4H4O6), and 10 mL of 30 % stock soluti
17、on hydrogenperoxide (H2O2) in a small amount of water. After dissolving,mix the components together thoroughly and adjust the finaldilution to 1 L.NOTE 1If a stock solution of the above chemicals is to be stored, thehydrogen peroxide should not be added until the solution is heated for thetest.8.2 T
18、he solution will have a typical pH of 5.2 to 5.4.8.3 The solution shall be used in sufficient quantity toprovide a volume-to-exposed specimen surface area ratio of atleast 100 L/m2(65 mL/in.2).8.4 The temperature of the solution shall be maintained at65 6 1C (150 6 2F).9. Sampling9.1 The procedure f
19、or sampling mill products is covered inproduct specifications, or otherwise, and is considered outsidethe scope of this standard.10. Test Specimen10.1 While this test method can be used with any form ofspecimen or part that can be immersed in the test solution, it ispreferred that specimens be at le
20、ast 40 by 100 mm (1.5 by 4.0in.) with the metal working direction in the 40-mm (1.5-in.)dimension.10.2 The specimens should be sawed or machined to mini-mize introducing residual stresses in edges during preparationof the specimens (sheared edges are allowed only if the edgesare sufficiently dressed
21、 or filed down a distance equal to thethickness of the specimen in order to remove metal deformedby shearing).11. Standardization11.1 To provide an indication when some inadvertent de-viation from the correct test conditions occurs, it is necessaryto expose to the test at regular intervals a control
22、 specimen ofa material of known susceptibility. This control should exhibitthe same degree of exfoliation each time it is included in thetest.11.2 The control may be any material of the Al-Mg seriesthat has a well-documented susceptibility to exfoliationcorrosion, preferably one with an intermediate
23、 susceptibility.12. Procedure12.1 Degrease the specimens with a suitable solvent. Afterdegreasing, prepare specimens as follows: Etch 1 min in 5 %by weight sodium hydroxide solution at 80C (176F), rinse inwater, desmut 30 s in concentrated nitric acid at roomtemperature, rinse with distilled or deio
24、nized water, air dry.NOTE 2If specimens are not to be immersed in the test solutionimmediately, they should be stored in a desiccator maintained at less than1 % relative humidity (use fresh desiccant such as activated alumina oranhydrous calcium sulfate).812.2 Use fresh solution at the start of each
25、 test.12.3 Immerse the specimens vertically with the top edge ofthe specimens at least 25 mm (1 in.) below the surface of thesolution and the bottom edge at least 25 mm above the bottomof the container.12.4 Immerse the specimens in the test solution continu-ously for 24 h.12.5 Rinse the specimens ge
26、ntly in running tap waterimmediately after removal from the solution, then soak inconcentrated nitric acid at room temperature until they appearclean, again rinse in water, and air dry.12.5.1 Air-blast drying is to be avoided in order to preventmechanical removal of exfoliated metal.13. Rating of Sp
27、ecimens13.1 The following codes and classifications shall be usedfor reporting the visual appearance of corroded specimens.Code ClassificationN No appreciable attackP PittingE Exfoliation13.2 Descriptions of the various classifications, which areillustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,4are as follows:13.2.1 N
28、(no appreciable attack)Surface may be etched ordiscolored.13.2.2 P (Pitting)Includes discrete pitting or pit-blistering. In the latter case, attack results in a slight undercut-ting of the surface. Pitting or pit-blistering is to be expectedand may occur in varying degrees of severity, as shown in F
29、ig.1; it should not be construed as exfoliation.13.2.3 E (Exfoliation)Visible lifting of the surface. Arange of exfoliation can occur in varying degrees of severity, asshown in Fig. 2.13.3 Ratings of different levels of pitting or exfoliation maybe indicated PA, PB, PC or EA, EB, EC, ED as shown in
30、Figs.1 and 2.14. Report14.1 Report the following information:14.1.1 Alloy and temper,14.1.2 Product of material tested, including reference toapplicable product specification,14.1.3 Sampling procedure if other than that specified inreferenced product specification,8Drierite, (a special form of anhyd
31、rous calcium sulfate), available from W. A.Hammond Drierite Co., 120 DaytonAve., Xenia, OH 45385, or an equivalent dryingagent may be used. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at
32、 a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.G66 99 (2013)214.1.4 Arating of the test specimens using the code given inSection 13,14.1.5 Notation of any deviation in test procedure from thatset forth in preceding paragraphs,14.1.6 Size, type, and number of replicate specim
33、ens;method of edge preparation, and14.1.7 Solution volume to specimen surface area ratio.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Precision:15.1.1 The precision of the data from this test method wasevaluated by way of an interlaboratory test program using onecommercial and one non-commercial tempers of Alloy 5086
34、with different levels of exfoliation corrosion susceptibility. Sixlaboratories, including experienced and inexperienced users,participated in the round-robin. The laboratories receivedduplicate rough cut panels of each material which theyprepared, exposed, and rated visually according to this testme
35、thod.15.1.2 Raw data from the laboratories are listed in Table 1and plotted as a histogram in Fig. 3. All six laboratories easilydifferentiated between the two materials finding one resistantand one susceptible to exfoliation corrosion.15.1.2.1 The data in Table 1 show the ratings were repeat-able w
36、ithin laboratories. In each case the same rating wasobtained for both panels tested by the individual laboratory.15.1.2.2 The reproducibility of ratings among differentlaboratories was consistent for the resistant material with alllaboratories obtaining pitting ratings. In the case of theFIG. 1 ASSE
37、T Tested Exfoliation Resistant Specimens (NNo appreciable attack; A, B, CThree Degrees of Pittingand Pit-Blistering)FIG. 2 ASSET Tested Exfoliation Susceptible Specimens (A, B, C, DFour Degrees of Exfoliation)G66 99 (2013)3exfoliation susceptible material the ratings between laborato-ries were withi
38、n one rating category.15.2 Bias:15.2.1 The procedure in Test Method G66 has no biasbecause the exfoliation rating is defined only in terms of thistest method.16. Keywords16.1 aluminum alloys; 5XXX aluminum alloys; exfoliationcorrosion; pitting corrosion; visual inspectionTABLE 1 ASSET (Test Method G
39、66) Round Robin ResultsLaboratoryNo.MaterialExfoliationTypeVolume/Area(L/m2)MachinedSpecimens/ContainerVisualRatings1 Resistant 100 Yes 2 PA1 Resistant 100 Yes 2 PA1 Susceptible 100 Yes 2 EC1 Susceptible 100 Yes 2 EC2 Resistant 83 No 1 PA2 Resistant 83 No 1 PA2 Susceptible 83 No 1 EC2 Susceptible 83
40、 No 1 EC3 Resistant 118 Yes 2 PA3 Resistant 118 Yes 2 PA3 Susceptible 118 Yes 2 EC3 Susceptible 118 Yes 2 EC4 Resistant 159 No 1 PA4 Resistant 159 No 1 PA4 Susceptible 159 No 1 ED4 Susceptible 159 No 1 ED5 Resistant 115 No 1 PA5 Resistant 115 No 1 PA5 Susceptible 115 No 1 EC5 Susceptible 115 No 1 EC
41、6 Resistant 211 No 4 PB6 Resistant 211 No 4 PB6 Susceptible 211 No 4 ED6 Susceptible 211 No 4 EDG66 99 (2013)4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
42、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either rea
43、pproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If yo
44、u feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
45、 reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 3 Histogram of Visual Exfoliation Ratings by Six Laboratories for Two Tempers of 5086 Plate Tested by ASSET (Data in Table 1)G66 99 (2013)5
