1、Designation: G86 98a (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to MechanicalImpact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and Pressurized Liquidand Gaseous Oxygen Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G86; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2describe
3、s test equipment and tech-niques to determine the impact sensitivity of materials inoxygen under two different conditions: (1) in ambient pressureliquid oxygen (LOX) or (2) under pressure-controlled condi-tions in LOX or gaseous oxygen (GOX). It is applicable tomaterials for use in LOX or GOX system
4、s at pressures fromambient to 68.9 MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The test methoddescribed herein addresses testing with pure oxygen environ-ments; however, other oxygen-enriched fluids may be substi-tuted throughout this document.1.2 This test method provides a means for ranking nonme-tallic materials as
5、defined in Guide G63 for use in liquid andgaseous oxygen systems and may not be directly applicable tothe determination of the sensitivity of the materials in anend-use configuration. This test method may be used to providebatch-to batch acceptance data. This test method may providea means for evalu
6、ating metallic materials in oxygen-enrichedatmospheres also; however, Guide G94 should be consulted forpreferred testing methods.1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all
7、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1
8、193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4080 Specification for Trichloroethylene, Technical andVapor-Degreasing GradeG63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-gen ServiceG88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen ServiceG93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levelsfor Material an
9、d Equipment Used in Oxygen-EnrichedEnvironmentsG94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service2.2 Military Document:4MIL-D-16791 Detergent, General Purpose (Liquid, Non-ionic), Type One2.3 American Chemical Society:5Trichloroethylene, Reagent Grade2.4 Compressed Gas Association:6G-4 OxygenG-4.1 C
10、leaning Equipment for Oxygen ServiceG-4.3 Oxygen, Gaseous, Type I BG-4.3 Oxygen, Liquid, Type II BG-10.1 Nitrogen, Gaseous, Type I BG-10.1 Nitrogen, Liquid, Type II B2.5 NASA Standard:7NSS 1740.15 Safety Standard for Oxygen and OxygenSystems1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
11、ee G04 onCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and isthe direct responsibility of G04.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G86 - 98a(2005). DOI:10.152
12、0/G0086-98AR11.2NASA Handbook 8060.1B, Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Mechani-cal Impact Test, Sept. 1981, pp. 4-72.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
13、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5Available from American Chemical Society (ACS), 1155 Sixteenth Street, NWWashington
14、, DC 20036, http:/www.acs.org.6Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5thFloor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.7Available from NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdminstration (NASA), NASAHeadquarters, Suite 1M32, Washington, DC 20546.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
15、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.6 ASTM Adjuncts:ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil83. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 GOX, ngaseous oxygen.3.1.2 LOX, nliquid oxygen.3.1.3 mechanical impact, na blow delivered by a plum-met
16、that has been dropped from a preestablished height onto astriker pin in contact with a sample.3.1.4 reaction, na chemical change or transformation inthe sample initiated by a mechanical impact.3.1.4.1 DiscussionA reaction from ambient pressure,LOX mechanical impact may be determined by an audiblerep
17、ort, an electronically or visually detected flash, obviouscharring of the sample, cup, or striker pin.3.1.4.2 DiscussionReactions in pressurized LOX or GOXare typically indicated by an abrupt increase in test sampletemperature, chamber pressure, and light levels and may besupplemented by obvious cha
18、nges in odor, color, or materialappearance as a result of thermal decompositions observedduring examination after the test.3.1.5 pressure threshold, nthe highest pressure at a givenimpact energy level for which the passing criteria have beenmet.3.1.6 energy threshold, nthe highest impact energy leve
19、lat a given pressure for which the passing criteria have beenmet.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mechanical impact test system is designed toexpose material samples to mechanical impact in the presenceof liquid or gaseous oxygen at pressures from ambient to 68.9MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The basic dro
20、p tower configurationconsists of: an electromagnet, a plummet, plummet guidetracks, plummet hold/release mechanism, base plate, anvilplate, a specimen cup holder, sample cup, and striker pin (seeFig. 1). For tests conducted under pressure-controlled condi-tions, the anvil plate and specimen cup hold
21、er are replaced witha test chamber equipped with a striker pin or striker pincounterloader (see Fig. 2), test chamber purge, pressurizationand vent systems (see Fig. 3), and a plummet catcher (see Fig.4). The general procedure is to prepare the test sample andrecord significant pretest data.4.2 Ambi
22、ent LOX Impact TestThe test conditions (pres-sure and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the testfacility and the boiling point of LOX at that pressure. Eachsample is placed into a specimen cup (see Fig. 5), precooled ina sample freezing box (Fig. 6), covered with LOX, and placedin the cup hol
23、der seater in the anvil assembly of the impacttester. The plummet is dropped from a selected height onto thestriker pin, which transmits the energy to the test sample.Observation for any reaction is made and noted. Drop tests arecontinued using a fresh sample, sample cup, and striker pin foreach dro
24、p until the threshold level is determined or the testseries is completed.4.3 For materials tested in pressurized LOX or GOX, eachsample is placed in the test chamber. The test chamber is filledwith liquid or gaseous oxygen, pressurized to the required testpressure, and the striker pin or striker pin
25、 counterloader ispressed down against the top of the test sample. The plummetis dropped from a selected height onto the striker pin or strikerpin counterloader. Instrumentation devices that monitor the testchamber interior for pressure, temperature, and light emissionprovide evidence of test sample
26、reaction. The sample isremoved from the chamber, and the sample is inspected forother evidence of reaction such as odor or charring. Drop testsare continued using a fresh sample, sample holder, and strikerpin or striker pin counterloader for each drop, until thethreshold level is determined or the t
27、est series is completed.Additional modifications to the above procedure are requiredwhen testing is performed at temperatures above ambient.4.4 This test method may be used to determine the impactsensitivity of a material, batch-to-batch acceptance, or tosatisfy other prescribed pass-fail criteria.8
28、Detailed drawings from the ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil RegionAssembly are available at a nominal fee from ASTM International, 100 Barr HarborDr., Philadelphia, PA 19428. Request Adjunct ADJD2512.FIG. 1 Oxygen Impact Test FrameG86 98a (2011)25. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates
29、 the relative sensitivity ofmaterials to mechanical impact in ambient pressure liquidoxygen, pressurized liquid oxygen, and pressurized gaseousoxygen.5.2 Any change or variation in test sample configuration,thickness, preparation, or cleanliness may cause a significantchange in impact sensitivity/re
30、action threshold.5.3 Suggested criteria for discontinuing the tests are: (1)occurrence of two reactions in a maximum of 60 samples orless tested at the maximum energy level of 98 J (72 ftlbf) orone reaction in a maximum of 20 samples tested at any otherenergy level for a material that fails; (2) no
31、reactions for 20samples tested at the 98-J (72-ftlbf) energy level; or (3) amaximum of one reaction in 60 samples tested at the maximumenergy level.1 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber 9 High-Pressure Chamber2 Equalizer Pin Anvil 10 Sample Cup3 Equalizer Pin 11 Anvil Nut4 Pneumatic Amplifier Diaphragm 12 H
32、igh-Pressure Seal5 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber GN213 Pressurization PortCavity 14 Vent Port6 and 8 Striker Pin 15 Sightglass for Photocell7 High-Pressure SealFIG. 2 Two Types of High-Pressure Test ChambersG86 98a (2011)36. Criteria for Acceptance for Ambient LOX andPressurized LOX and GOX Mechanical
33、 Impact Test6.1 To meet the requirements for acceptability, the materialshall show no reaction when being subjected to 20 successiveimpact tests tested at 98 J (72 ftlbf) using the equipmentdescribed in Section 10.6.2 The test may be discontinued and the materials consid-ered to have failed if there
34、 is one reaction in 20 drops at anyenergy level less than 98 J (72 ftlbf).6.3 A material is acceptable after 60 successive impact testswith not more than one reaction at 98 J (72 ftlbf). The test maybe terminated and the material considered to have failed ifthere are two reactions in 60 tests or les
35、s at 98 J (72 ftlbf).6.4 The material shall show none of the following reactionsduring any of the tests.6.4.1 Audible explosion.FIG. 3 Typical Pressurization Piping system for a LOX/GOX Pressurized Test SystemFIG. 4 Typical Plummet Rebound Limiter AssemblyNOTE 1Break sharp edges 0.4 mm.NOTE 2The cup
36、 is formed by deep drawing.NOTE 3The thickness and parallelness of the cup bottom shall becontrolled to 2.0 mm by coining.NOTE 4Material: any 3000 or 5000 series aluminum alloy.FIG. 5 LOX Impact Tester One-Piece Sample CupG86 98a (2011)46.4.2 Flash (electronically or visually detected).6.4.3 Evidenc
37、e of burning (obvious charring, see Note 1).6.4.4 Major discoloration (as a result of ignition only ratherthan other phenomena).6.4.5 A temperature or pressure spike in elevated tempera-ture tests.NOTE 1A burnt odor alone is not considered sufficient proof that areaction has occurred. If a reaction
38、occurs (including those during bounceof plummet), it shall be reported as evidence of sensitivity. Inclusion ofbounce reactions applies to ambient LOX mechanical impact tests only.6.5 All materials that fail 6.1 criteria and remain candidatesfor use must be subjected to LOX or GOX mechanical impacte
39、nergy threshold determinations in the thickness of use.6.6 The material to be tested must be traceable back to theoriginal manufacturer and to a specific batch or lot numbers, orboth.6.7 The thickness of the sample shall be the worst-casethickness. While the worst-case thickness has been found tovar
40、y from material to material, the general trend has been thatthinner samples of materials are generally more reactive.6.8 For the ambient LOX impact test, test conditions (pres-sure and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the testfacility and the boiling point of LOX at that pressure. For thepre
41、ssurized test, test conditions (pressure and temperature)shall be determined for each test according to the requirementsspecified by the requester.6.9 Preparation of the samples for testing involve thefollowing tasks.6.9.1 Receiving the visually inspecting the material.6.9.2 Preparing the sample to
42、the specified dimensions.6.9.3 Cleaning the samples.6.9.4 Inspecting the samples.7. Sample Preparation7.1 The material to be tested must be traceable back to theoriginal manufacturer and to specific batch or lot numbers, orto both. When received, the test material must be accompaniedby proper identi
43、fication, for example, product data sheets,batch or lot numbers identifying the sample, material manu-facturer, and appropriate material safety data sheets. Thematerial must be inspected to ensure that it is at the worst-caseuse thickness and any flaws shall be noted. Preparation ofsamples for testi
44、ng involve the following tasks: (1) receivingand visually inspecting the material, (2) preparing samples tothe proper dimensions, (3) cleaning the samples, and (4)inspecting the samples.7.1.1 Sufficient material shall be available to permit prepa-ration and testing of 140 separate 17.5-mm (1116-in.)
45、 diameterdisk samples. Sheet materials up to 6.3-mm (14-in.) in thick-ness shall be tested as 17.5 mm (1116-in.) diameter disks in thethickness intended for use (see Table 1).7.1.2 Materials normally used in thicknesses greater than6.35 mm (14 in.) shall be sized and tested as 17.5-mm diameterdisks
46、of 6.35- 6 0.13-mm (0.250- 6 0.006-in.) thickness.Failure of samples to meet the requirements of this test methodshall be cause for the rejection of the material. Greases, fluids,and other materials, whose thicknesses are directed by condi-tions of use, shall be tested as 1.27- 6 0.13-mm (0.050- 60.
47、005-in.) layers in special test cups. Materials not readilyavailable in sheet form shall be tested in the available configu-ration. Specimens shall be free of ragged edges, fins, or otherirregularities.7.2 Liquid SamplesPrepare a homogeneous sample. Amicroburette may be used to transfer the sample i
48、nto specialsample cups 1.27 6 0.13 mm (0.050 6 0.005 in.) deep (seeFig. 7). For highly viscous materials, a microsyringe may beused. Determine the volume of the sample required to obtain asample thickness of 1.27 6 0.13 mm (0.050 6 0.005 in.) in thesample cup. This determination is required due to v
49、ariations insuch physical properties as density, surface tension, andvolatility from liquid to liquid. A micrometre depth gauge withleveling blocks is suggested for measurement. The work tablemust be level. Test material should be loaded into the samplecup just before loading the cup into the test chamber (orfreezing box, if testing in liquid oxygen).7.3 Leak Check Compounds, Dye, Dye Penetrant, andEmulsifier, Method 1Clean, unsealed, sulfuric acid-anodized6061-T6 aluminum alloy disks (or any other substrate specifiedby the manufacturer o
