1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600320.2015 Above-Baseline Electrical Protection for Designated Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Facilities Against High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) As a leading technology and solutions development organization, the A
2、lliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industrys most pressing business priorities. ATIS nearly 200 member companies are currently working to address the All-IP transition, network functions virtualization, big data analyt
3、ics, cloud services, device solutions, emergency services, M2M, cyber security, network evolution, quality of service, billing support, operations, and much more. These priorities follow a fast-track development lifecycle from design and innovation through standards, specifications, requirements, bu
4、siness use cases, software toolkits, open source solutions, and interoperability testing. ATIS is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The organization is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a founding Partner of the
5、 oneM2M global initiative, a member of and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as well as a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more information, visit www.atis.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National
6、Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and ma
7、terially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely
8、 voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standa
9、rds and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should b
10、e addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm,
11、 revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer and NOTE Additional bonding conductor B1 is not required if the existing bond between t
12、he grounding electrode system (GES) and Reference Point 0, or Building Principal Ground (BPG) in ATIS-0600333, is less than 3 meters (10 feet). b) The main ac service equipment ground (bond B2 in Figure 6.2). This bond can be omitted if the ground bars for the cable entrance facility, the main ac se
13、rvice equipment, and the building grounding electrode are within 10 meters (32 feet) of each other. Direct bonds should also be placed between the ground bars of cable entrance facilities if there is more than one in a building. This measure shall not be in conflict with measures for insulating entr
14、ance cables as discussed in clause 8.2.3 of ATIS-0600313. 6.3.1.2 Bonds to Building Steel If the building has structural steel, direct bonds should be installed between the steel and: a) The main ac service equipment ground (bond B3 in Figure 6.2); and b) The ground bar for metallic members of outsi
15、de plant cables in each cable entrance facility (bond B3 in Figure 6.2). The building steel should be accessed at the closest practical point to these components. In new construction, the access to structural steel should be within 1 meter (3 feet) of the grounding bar in a cable entrance facility.
16、6.3.1.3 Bonds to an Exterior Ground Ring If the building has an exterior ground ring, direct bonds shall be installed at the closest practical point between the ground ring and: a) The main ac service equipment ground (bond B4 in Figure 6.2); and b) The ground bar for metallic members of outside cab
17、les in each cable entrance facility (bond B4 in Figure 6.2). ATIS-0600320.2015 6 6.3.2 Surge Protective Device (SPD) at AC Power Service Entrance A surge protective device (SPD) shall be placed between the phase and neutral/ground conductors at the main ac power service entrance. This protective mea
18、sure applies even when the serving ac power distribution line is not considered to be subject to overvoltage disturbances caused by lightning surges or power system transients (see ANSI/IEEE C62.41). 6.3.2.1 Surge Protective Device (SPD) To limit surge voltages that may enter the building on the ac
19、power service conductors, a surge protective device (SPD), which can withstand the standard waveshapes characteristic of premises wiring (see ANSI/IEEE C62.41) and shall be Listed to UL 1449. Application of the device, including the placement and method of installation, should provide for connecting
20、 leads from the power line conductors to the active elements of the device that are as short and straight as is practical, ideally less than 0.5 meters (1.6 feet) - see Annex A, reference 5. 6.3.3 Pair Protection Present understanding of HEMP induced voltages that appear at pair terminations at prot
21、ector frames indicates that baseline protection, if present, on pairs as described in ATIS-0600313 is adequate to protect equipment from HEMP induced surges. The voltages that develop due to the inductances associated with the paths to ground from the protectors are likely to be more significant tha
22、n the voltages that appear across the terminals of protectors. 6.3.4 Protection of Local Antenna Leads (Coaxial, Waveguide) A waveguide or outer conductor (shield) of a coaxial cable from a local antenna shall be grounded at the Point Of Entry (POE) to the exterior grounding electrode system. The PO
23、E should be located close to an existing exterior earth grounding conductor directly connected to the exterior grounding electrode system. This ground can also be accomplished by a connection to a nearby lightning protection system of a rooftop mounted tower, if the system conforms to 10.3.3 of ATIS
24、-0600313. If such grounding is not practical, connection should be made to a horizontal equalizer conductor (if present) of the CBN of the building. Where a lightning protection system is in place, common bonding to provide equalization shall meet the requirements of NFPA 780. If the antenna has a r
25、otator, leads to the rotator should be shielded and the shield grounded and routed in the same manner as the outer conductor of the antenna cable (see 6.3.5). 6.3.4.1 Antenna Cable Routing The antenna cable should be routed to the terminating equipment in accordance with the protection measures of 6
26、.3.5. 6.3.4.2 Antenna Shield Protection Device Location All antennas shall have antenna shield protection device located as close to the POE as practical. 6.3.5 Separation from Penetrators An unenclosed penetrator should be installed so that there is a separation of at least 3 meters (10 feet) from
27、bays containing equipment and racks carrying interbay leads. The 3-meter (10 feet) minimum separation should be maintained until there are at least two connections, spaced no less than 3 meters (10 feet) apart, from the unenclosed penetrator to the CBN of the facility. If only the termination of the
28、 penetrator is connected to the CBN, the 3-meter (10 feet) separation should be maintained over the entire length of the penetrator (see reference 5 of Annex A). ATIS-0600320.2015 7 6.3.5.1 Tip Cable Penetration The 3-meter (10 feet) separation of tip cables from interbay leads will generally not be
29、 practical or cost-effective to implement. The 3-meter (10 feet) specification is not intended to apply to tip cables. The connection of the shield of an outside plant cable to shields of tip cables in the cable entrance facility can be considered equivalent to a second connection to the CBN, provid
30、ed that the tip cables are widely separated when routed to the distribution frames. When the tip cables are not widely separated, the division of the penetration current between the tip cables may not be as effective in reducing the coupling to interbay leads. 6.3.5.2 Application The minimum 3-meter
31、 (10 feet) separation should be applied to new sites and to the extent practical in existing sites when new cables, equipment, and interbay leads are installed. Examples of penetrators for which the 3-meter (10 feet) minimum separation is usually applied are: Unshielded local telephone lines; Coaxia
32、l cable leads connecting to local antennas; Outside plant cable that is routed close to critical interbay equipment leads before being bonded to the CBN; and Fiber optic cables when the metallic components of the cable are continuous and are bonded to the CBN only at the points of entry and the term
33、ination points. Fiber optic cables containing only dielectric components are not subject to the 3-meter (10 feet) separation. 6.4 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Tests 6.4.1 ESD Protection ESD tests should be performed on equipment assemblies intended for use in telephone central offices and similar-t
34、ype environments. The tests should conform to ATIS-0600308, with the following modifications: a) Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures of IEC 61000-4-2; b) The contact discharge test method described in IEC 61000-4-2 should be used, if applicable; c) The voltages associated with
35、 the severity levels of 5 and 6 of ATIS-0600308 should be redefined to be the values that are specified for corresponding severity levels for contact discharges in IEC 61000-4-2, Table 1.a - i.e., Level 2 4KV, Level 3 6KV, and Level 4 8KV. ATIS-0600320.2015 8 Figure 6.1 Pathways for HEMP Effects on
36、ICT Facility ATIS-0600320.2015 9 Figure 6.2 Bond Referenced in Clause 6.3.1 ATIS-0600320.2015 10 Figure 6.3 Grounding System General (from ATIS-0600313.2013) ATIS-0600320.2015 11 7 Annex A: Bibliography (informative) 1 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) final report. Developed by the EMP Task Force of the
37、National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC), July 1985.92 NCS-TIB 91-12, Basic protection against high-altitude electromagnetic pulse for telecommunications central offices and similar-type facilities. Technical Report, November 1991.43 Bodson, D. EMP, lightning, and power transi
38、ents: Their threat and relevance to EMP protection standards for telecommunication facilities. August 1978, National Communications System Technical Information Bulletin 78-1. Building Structural Materials and Methods for HEMP Protected Central Offices and Similar-Type Facilities.44 Report of the Co
39、mmission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, Volume 1: Executive Report 2008.105 IEEE Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms (Online dictionary of electrical and electronics terms).49Available from Office of the Manager, National Communication
40、s System (NCS), 701 South Court House, Arlington, VA 22204-2198. 10Available at: . ATIS-0600320.2015 12 Annex B: Building Structural Materials & Methods for HEMP-Protected Central Offices & Similar-Type Facilities (informative) B.1 General This informative annex gives examples, in order of preferenc
41、e, for providing interconnected metallic materials in the construction of buildings for central offices and similar-type facilities, including Electronic Equipment Enclosures (EEEs). This is in support of the sub clause on construction of facilities (6.2.2). These methods and materials provide shiel
42、ding protection against the effects of direct incident electromagnetic fields of a HEMP event in those locations where it is practical and cost-effective. B.2 Examples B.2.1 Poured Concrete with Steel Reinforcement The preferred choice for new building design is poured concrete with steel reinforcem
43、ent. Buildings of this type that have large windows or exterior glass walls should have critical equipment and interbay leads installed at least 3 meters (10 feet) from these glass surfaces. Reinforced concrete EEEs, either above or below ground, that are precast in two sections should have provisio
44、ns for bonding together the metallic reinforcements in the two sections upon assembly. The bonding interval along their junction should not exceed 1 meter (3 feet). A small prefabricated building having metallic exterior surfaces that are electrically continuous and bonded to each other and connecte
45、d to the CBN of the building also provides shielding. B.2.2 Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete Panel Construction Precast steel reinforced concrete panel construction can provide substantial shielding, although generally not to the same extent as poured reinforced concrete. To realize the maximum shi
46、elding, columns, floor beams, and roof trusses of the building should be constructed with metallic components (such as steel pipe or steel reinforcement bars). These components should be bonded at their lowest level to the exterior bar. Reinforcement in the concrete panels should be bonded at all fo
47、ur sides (at least two connections per side, evenly spaced) to metallic components in adjacent building structures. At the lowest level, the reinforcement in panels and columns should be connected to the exterior ground ring (if present). B.2.3 Others Negligible magnetic shielding is afforded by bui
48、ldings constructed mainly with wood, concrete block, brick, or other masonry material. ATIS-0600320.2015 13 Annex C: Additional Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Protection Guidelines (informative) Additional information and recommendations for protecting critical equipment, facilities, and communications
49、/data centers against electromagnetic pulse events can be found in the Department of Homeland Security document Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Protection Guidelines for Equipment, Facilities and Data Centers. This document defines four EMP Protection Levels, as outlined in Figure C.1 below. The guidelines therein were initially developed for use by the Federal Executive Branch Continuity Communications Managers Group (CCMG). Figure C.1 Four EMP Protection Levels for Equipment, Facilities, and Data Center11 11EMP Protection levels are also d
