1、Standard Methodsfor Determinationof the DiffusibleHydrogen Contentof Martensitic,Bainitic, andFerritic Steel WeldMetal Producedby Arc WeldingANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126ANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)An American National StandardApproved by the
2、American National Standards InstituteNovember 12, 1992Standard Methods forDetermination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Contentof Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld MetalProduced by Arc WeldingSupersedes ANSI/AWS A4.3-86Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Meta
3、lUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractA standard 25 12 80 mm test specimen and method of preparation are set forth, along with two standard methods ofdiffusible hydrogen analysis, mercury displacement and gas chromatography. The met
4、hods are suitable for shieldedmetal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding using welding conditionsand electrodes given in several applicable American Welding Society filler metal specifications.Key WordsDiffusible hydrogen, gas chroma-tography, mercury
5、 displacement, arc welding, steel, shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, submerged arc weldingiiANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-401-9American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 1993 by American Welding Societ
6、yAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaReaffirmed: May 13, 1997 and October 13, 2006Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the p
7、rior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid
8、 to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the Ame
9、ricanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws
10、 and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and
11、regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS
12、 American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, i
13、t does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential or compe
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16、rmining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard a
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18、he power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in
19、writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,Miami, FL 33126. With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standardsmay be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinion
20、s of the particular individuals giving them.These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinionsor interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an officialinterpretation.Th
21、is standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metal. It must be reviewed everyfive years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, ordeletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this s
22、tandard are required and should be addressed toAWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metal andthe author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attendall meetings of the AWS A5
23、Committee on Filler Metal to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal ofan adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical ActivitiesCommittee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeun
24、e Road,Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)vANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)Personnel (Reaffirmation)AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsD. A. Fink, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. S. Lee, 1st Vice Chair CB&IH. D. Wehr, 2nd Vice Chair Arcos Indus
25、tries, LLCR. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society*R. L. Bateman Electromanufacturas, S. A.J. M. Blackburn Department of the NavyR. Brown RSB Alloy Applications, LLCJ. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers CompanyR. J. Christoffel Consultant D. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company*R. A. Daemen La Grande
26、TuiliereJ. J. DeLoach, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare CenterD. A. DelSignore ConsultantJ. DeVito ESAB Welding And Cutting ProductsH. W. Ebert Consultant D. M. Fedor The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler North AmericaS. E. Ferree ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsG. L. Franke Naval Sur
27、face Warfare CenterR. D. Fuchs Bohler Thyssen Welding USA, Incorporated C.E. Fuerstenau Lucas-Milhaupt, IncorporatedJ. A. Henning DeltakR. M. Henson J. W. Harris Company, Incorporated*J. P. Hunt Consultant*S. Imaoka Kobe Steel LimitedM. Q. Johnson Metallurgy Group S. D. Kiser Special MetalsP. J. Kon
28、kol Concurrent Technologies Corporation D. J. Kotecki The Lincoln Electric CompanyL. Kvidahl Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsA. S. Laurenson ConsultantW. A. Marttila DaimlerChrysler CorporationR. Menon Stoody CompanyM. T. Merlo Edison Welding Institute D. R. Miller ABS Americas Materials DepartmentB. M
29、osier Polymet CorporationC. L. Null ConsultantM. P. Parekh ConsultantR. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation *M. A. Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company S. D. Reynolds, Jr. ConsultantP. K. Salvesen Det Norske Veritas (DNV)K. Sampath ConsultantW. S. Severance ESAB Welding and Cutting Products*E. R.
30、Stevens Stevens Welding Consulting*AdvisorviANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)*AdvisorM. J. Sullivan NASSCONational Steel and Shipbuilding*E. S. Surian National University of Lomas de ZamoraR. Sutherlin ATI Wah ChangR. A. Swain Euroweld, LimitedR. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and CompanyK. P. Thornberry Care M
31、edical, IncorporatedL. T. Vernam AlcoTec Wire CorporationF. J. Winsor ConsultantAWS A5W Subcommittee on Moisture and HydrogenD. M. Fedor, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. M. Blackburn, Vice Chair Department of the NavyR. Gupta, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Co
32、mpanyG. L. Franke Naval Surface Warfare CenterJ. Keegan ITW Hobart BrothersJ. S. Lee CB&I*M. P. Parekh ConsultantM. S. Sierdzinski ESAB Welding and Cutting Products*K. Smith ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsM. A. Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company*R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and CompanyAWS A5
33、Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials (Continued)viiANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)Personnel (Original)AWS Committee on Filler MetalD. J. Kotecki, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyR. A. LaFave, 1st Vice Chair Elliott CompanyJ. P. Hunt, 2nd Vice Chair Inco Alloys InternationalH. F. Reid, Secretar
34、y American Welding SocietyB. Anderson AlcotecR. S. Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation*R. L. Bateman Electromanufacturas, S. A.J. Caprarola, Jr. Alloy Rods Corporation*L. J. Christensen ConsultantR. J. Christoffel ConsultantD. J. Crement Precision ComponentsD. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Com
35、panyR. A. Daemen Hobart Brothers CompanyD. A. DelSignore Westinghouse Electric CompanyH. W. Ebert Exxon Research and EngineeringS. E Ferree Alloy Rods CorporationD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyG. Hallstrom, Jr. USNRC-RII*R. L. Harris R. L. Harris AssociatesR. W. Heid Newport News Shipbuildin
36、gD. C. Helton ConsultantW. S. Howes National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationR. W. Jud Chrysler CorporationR. B. Kadiyala Techalloy Maryland, IncorporatedG. A. Kurisky Maryland Specialty WireN. E. Larson Union Carbide, Industrial Gas DivisionA. S. Laurenson ConsultantG. H. MacShane MAC Associate
37、s*L. M. Malik Arctec Canada LimitedM. T. Merlo Stoody CompanyS. J. Merrick Teledyne McKay*G. E. Metzger ConsultantJ. W. Mortimer ConsultantC. L. Null Department of the Navy*Y. Ogata Kobe Steel LimitedJ. Payne Schneider Services InternationalR. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy CorporationE. W. Pickering Cons
38、ultantM. A. Quintana Electric Boat Division General Dynamics Corporation*S. D. Reynolds, Jr. Westinghouse Electric PGBUL. F. Roberts Canadian Welding BureauD. Rozet ConsultantP. K. Salvesen American Bureau of Shipping*H. S. Sayre ConsultantO. W. Seth Chicago Bridge and Iron Company*W. A. Shopp SAEvi
39、iiANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)*Advisor*DeceasedM. S. Sierdzinski Alloy Rods Corporation*R. W. Straiton Bechtel Group, IncorporatedR. D. Sutton L-Tec Welding and Cutting SystemsR. A. Swain Welders SupplyJ. W. Tackett Haynes International, IncorporatedR. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company*R. Timerman
40、 Conarco, S. A.R. T. Webster Teledyne Wah Chang*A. E. Wiehe Consultant*W. A. Wiehe Arcos AlloysW. L. Wilcox Consultant*F. J. Winsor ConsultantK. G. Wold ConsultantT. J. Wonder VSE CorporationAWS Task Group to Revise the WeldMetal Diffusible Hydrogen StandardD. A. Fink, Chair The Lincoln Electric Com
41、panyJ. Blackburn DTNSRDC, U.S. NavyD. T. Wallace Newport News ShipbuildingD. J. Kotecki The Lincoln Electric CompanyE. W. Pickering ConsultantM. A. Quintana Electric Boat Division General Dynamics CorporationAWS Committee on Filler Metal (Continued)ixANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006)ForewordThis foreword is
42、not part of ANSI/AWS A4.3-93 (R2006), Standard Methods for Determinationof the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld MetalProduced by Arc Welding, but is included for informational purposes only.This document (A4.3-93) refers to an IIW draft standard for measu
43、rement of diffusible hydrogen in several places,including the foreword and the appendix. This referenced IIW draft became the basis for ISO 3690:2000.A number of test methods for determining weld metal diffusible hydrogen have been used over the years. Inparticular, media for collecting hydrogen hav
44、e included glycerin, paraffin, and mercury, with glycerin being by far themost popular in the United States. A previous AWS A5 Task Group, chaired by R. A. LaFave, investigated thecollection of hydrogen over glycerin in 19821983. That Task Group concluded that, whereas collection of hydrogenover gly
45、cerin is simple and inexpensive, the results suffer from severe variability. This is due in part to the solubility ofwater, atmospheric gases, and hydrogen in glycerin.Collection of hydrogen over glycerin, when using very low hydrogen weld metals, has also been shown to give nullreadings, while coll
46、ection over mercury using the method of ISO 3690 was giving readings greater than zero. Themethod of ISO 3690 is only suitable for coated electrodes. Recognizing this, the International Institute of Welding (IIW)has been developing a draft standard with a larger specimen size suitable for other weld
47、ing processes but still usingcollection of hydrogen over mercury as the reference method. This draft has also introduced analysis by gaschromatography as giving results equal to those of collection over mercury.The AWS A5 Task Group, in 1983 and 1984, chaired by D. J. Kotecki, considered adopting th
48、e method of the IIWdraft standard. However, after round robin testing employing the IIW specimen size and other sizes, the Task Grouprejected the IIW specimen size for two reasons. First, the small size required reorientation of the test specimendepending upon welding heat input. Second, the small s
49、ize resulted in hydrogen volumes almost too small to measurewhen very low hydrogen weld metals were tested. As a result, the Task Group selected a specimen size appropriate togenerating a significant volume of hydrogen gas for measurement and not requiring specimen reorientation for weldingheat input within the realm of electrode classifications envisioned for use with this standard.This is the first revision of this specification as shown below:ANSI/AWS A4.3-86, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic,and Ferritic Steel Weld M
