1、 AWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 14, 2011Specification forTorch Soldering1st EditionPrepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities Committ
2、eeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification describes relevant equipment, fabrication procedures, and quality (inspection) requirements for thetorch soldering of materials. This document includes criteria for classifying torch-soldered joints based on loading andthe consequence
3、s of failure and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptability in each class.iiAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-793-1American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2011 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the
4、United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items f
5、or internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel:
6、(978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been develop
7、ed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provision
8、s carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the co
9、ntract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards developmen
10、t process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any informa
11、tion or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or r
12、elianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AW
13、S undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It
14、isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringem
15、ent of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police,
16、 or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements o
17、f this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex B).With regard
18、to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular indiv
19、iduals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject t
20、o revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are req
21、uired and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazingand Soldering and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guestsare invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C3 Commit
22、tee on Brazing and Soldering to express their commentsverbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules ofOperation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJe
23、une Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011vAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011PersonnelAWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingR. W. Smith, Chair S-Bond TechnologiesG. L. Alexy, 1st Vice-Chair The Prince therefore, it is important to the joining community that appropriate
24、specifications bedeveloped and approved which address the technologies associated with structural soldering. This document is the first in a future series of AWS specifications that addresses materials and process for solderingtechnology.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard
25、are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWSC3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011ixAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Figur
26、es.x1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope.11.2 Units of Measurement.11.3 Safety 12. Normative References .23. Terms and Definitions .34. Classification of Soldered Joints 44.1 Method of Classification44.2 Classes of Soldered Joints.45. Process Requirements .45.1 Process Description .45.2 Equipment.45.3
27、 Materials .55.4 Procedure Requirements .55.5 Qualification .75.6 Safety and Health76. Quality Assurance Provisions.76.1 Responsibility for Inspection 76.2 Requirements for Compliance 76.3 Sequence of Inspection and Manufacturing Operations .76.4 Required Inspection of Soldered Joints 76.5 Acceptanc
28、e Criteria.96.6 Process Completion 11Annex A (Informative)Informative References13Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries .15List of AWS Documents on Brazing and Soldering.17xAWS C3.11M/C3.11:2011List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Dimensions of Internal Discontinuitie
29、s as they pertain to Radiographic and Ultrasonic InspectionSpecifications of a Butt Joint Configuration102 Dimensions of Internal Discontinuities as they pertain to Radiographic and Ultrasonic InspectionSpecifications of a Single Lap Joint Configuration .11AWS C3.11M/C3.11:201111. General Requiremen
30、ts1.1 Scope. This specification presents the minimum process and quality requirements for the torch soldering of ceramics,precious metals, and refractory metals, as well as the alloys of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), magne-sium (Mg), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).The purpo
31、se of this specification is to standardize torch soldering process requirements that will ensure that solderedjoints attain the quality level designated by the application. This document establishes the minimum requirements forprocesses using a minimum amount of explanatory information so as to limi
32、t any ambiguity. This document assignsresponsibility for soldered joint quality to the Organization Having Quality Responsibility and permits that organizationto modify requirements as necessary. However, this specification requires that proper documentation be developed andarchived by that organiza
33、tion, which explains the basis and specific details of any such modifications.1.2 Units of Measurement. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. CustomaryUnits. The latter are shown in brackets ( ) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measuremen
34、ts may notbe exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health informationis provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.Safety and Health information is ava
35、ilable from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by th
36、e materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. Thi
37、s standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety pr
38、ogram.Specification for Torch SolderingAWS C3.11M/C3.11:201122. Normative ReferencesThe standards listed below contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of thisAWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall app
39、ly. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.American Welding Society (AWS) standards:1AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination;AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms
40、 for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Sol-dering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying;AWS B2.3/B2.3M, Soldering Procedure and Performance Qualification;AWS C3.3, Recommended Practices for the Design, Manufacture, and Examination of Critical Brazed Components; andAWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ult
41、rasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints.American Society for Quality (ASQ) standard:2ASQ Z1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes.SAE International/Aerospace Materials Division standards:3SAE AMS 2403, Plating, General Purpose;SAE AMS 2424, Plating, Nickel, Low Stres
42、sed Deposit; andSAE AMS 2451/1, Plating, Brush, Nickel General Purpose.ASTM International standards:4ASTM B 32, Standard Specification for Solder Metal;ASTM B 284, Standard Specification for Rosin Flux Core Solder;ASTM B 486, Standard Specification for Paste Solder;ASTM B 813, Standard Specification
43、 for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube;ASTM E 1417, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing; andASTM E 1742, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination.Association Connecting Electronics Industries (IPC) Standards:5IPC/EIA J-STD-004, Requirements for So
44、ldering Fluxes; andIPC/EIA J-STD-006, Requirements for Electronic Grade Solder Alloys and Fluxed and Non-Fluxed Solid Solders forElectronic Solder Applications.American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard:6ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes1AWS standards are publis
45、hed by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.2ASQ standards are published by the American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203-3005.3SAE International standards are published by SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendal
46、e, PA 15096-0001.4ASTM International standards are published by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.5IPC standards are published by Association Connecting Electronic Industries, 3000 Lakeside Drive, 309 S, Bannockburn, IL 60015.6This ANSI standard is published
47、 by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS C3.11M/C3.11:20113NCSL International standard:7NCSL Z540-1, General Requirements for Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and Test Equipment3. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, I
48、ncluding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, provides the basis for terminology used herein. However, the following termsand definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document. Selected terms and/or definitionsfrom AWS A3.0
49、M/ A3.0 are included herein in italics.base material. The material being welded, brazed, soldered, or cut.de-wetting. A condition of the soldered joint in which the molten solder initially wets, but then retracts from the basematerial surface, which is only marginally wettable. The dynamics of a thick molten solder coating allow it to wet thebase material surface. However, upon thinning out due to capillary flow or spreading, the solder film becomes unstableand retracts upon itself, leaving mounds of solder an
