1、Structural Welding CodeSteel Reinforcing BarsAWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018An American National StandardAWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteFebruary 27, 2018Structural Welding CodeSteel Reinforcing Bars8th EditionSupersedes AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011Prep
2、ared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the requirements for welding steel reinforcing bars in most reinforced concrete applications. It conta
3、ins a body of rules for the regulations of welding steel reinforcing bars and provides suitable acceptance criteria for such welds.AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018iiISBN Print: 978-0-87171-953-9ISBN PDF: 978-0-87171-957-7 2018 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaP
4、hotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal,
5、or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropri-ate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Inte
6、rnet: .AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance wit
7、h the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full l
8、egal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other
9、document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that
10、 brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the proc-ess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soun
11、dness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this
12、 standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaki
13、ng to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assume
14、d that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information
15、 on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade
16、name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this stand
17、ard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managin
18、g Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex D). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not cons
19、titute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addi-tion, oral opinions are
20、informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendation
21、s, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding and the author of the comments will be informed of
22、 the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Acti
23、vities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018ivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018vPersonnelAWS D1 Committee on Structural WeldingA. W. Sindel, Chair TRC SolutionsT. L. Niemann, Vi
24、ce Chair Minnesota Department of TransportationR. D. Medlock, 2nd Vice Chair High Steel Structures, IncorporatedJ. A. Molin, Secretary American Welding SocietyF. G. Armao The Lincoln Electric CompanyU. W. Aschemeier Subsea Global SolutionsE. L. Bickford IISIT. W. Burns Thom Burns Consulting, LLCH. H
25、. Campbell III Pazuzu EngineeringR. D. Campbell BechtelR. B. Corbit CB the 1992, 1998, 2005, and 2011 editions reflected these changes.The evolution of AWS D1.4/D1.4M, Structural Welding CodeSteel Reinforcing Bars, is shown below:AWS D12.1-61 Recommended Practices for Welding Reinforcing Steel, Meta
26、l Inserts and Connections in Reinforced Concrete Construction;AWS D12.1-75 Reinforcing Steel Welding Code;ANSI/AWS D1.4-79 Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel;ANSI/AWS D1.4-92 Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel;ANSI/AWS D1.4-98 Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel;AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2005
27、Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel;AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011 Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel; andAWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018 Structural Welding CodeSteel Reinforcing Bars.Changes in Code Requirements. Underlined text in the subclauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change f
28、rom the 2011 edition. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revision from the 2011 edition.AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018viiiSummary of ChangesClause/Table/ Figure/Annex ModificationClause 1 Restructured to identify new safety and health information; new materials added. GTAW is now permitted as a prequali
29、fied welding process.Clause 2 New clause that lists all normative references. This replaces subclause 1.9 from the 2011 edition.Clause 3 New clause that provides terms and definitions specific to this standard. It replaces subclause 1.5 from the 2011 edition.Clause 4 Previously Clause 2 in the 2011
30、edition. Base metal stresses and allowable stresses in welds were removed and replaced with new content on the design of welded joints. New Table 4.1 covers design strength and the allowable strength of welded joints.Clause 5 Previously Clause 3 in the 2011 edition. New content on lap joints: bar di
31、ameter range, effects of eccentricity, and lap joints in an anchorage. Figures 5.1 through 5.5 modified for clarification.Clause 6 Previously Clause 4 in the 2011 edition. New content on foreign materials and coatings, weld size. Figures 6.1 revised for clarity. Figure 6.2 extensively revised to inc
32、lude new schedules for weld profiles.Clause 7 Previously Clause 5 in the 2011 edition. New content on GTAW electrodes and filler metals. Tables 7.1 revised to include several A5 filler metal specifications, most notably AWS A5.36.Clause 8 Previously Clause 6 in the 2011 edition. Table 8.2 revised to
33、 include GTAW, bar diameter groups, and AWS A5.36. Figure 8.5 revised for clarity. Figure 8.8 is new.Clause 9 Previously Clause 7 in the 2011 edition. Radiographic methodology shall now conform to ASTM E94.Annex A Sample forms now include GTAW.Commentary Commentary is new for this edition. This is a
34、 practice used by other D1 codes and as such will now be included as part of this standard.Informative Annexes. These annexes are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code provisions by showing examples, providing information, or suggesting alternative good practices.Errata. It is the S
35、tructural Welding Committees Policy that all errata should be made available to users of this code. Therefore, any significant errata will be published in the Society News Section of the Welding Journal and posted on the AWS web site at: http:/www.aws.org/technical/d1/.Suggestions. Your comments for
36、 improving AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018, Structural Welding CodeSteel Reinforcing Bars are welcome. Submit comments to the Managing Director, Standards Development, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353; fax (305) 443-5951; e-mail infoaws.org; or via the AW
37、S web site .AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018ixTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiList o
39、f Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.4 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21.5 Steel Reinforcing Bar Base Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21.6 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64. Design of Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.1 Design Basis . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.2 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.3 Other Limit Stat
46、es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85. Structural Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、 .115.1 Transition in Bar Size Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.2 Joint Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . .115.3 Direct Butt Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.4 Indirect Butt Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.5 Lap Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.6 Lap Joints in an Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.7 Interconnection of Precast Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116. Workmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
