1、Specificationfor Welding ofPresses and PressComponentsAWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteApril 16, 2009Specification for Welding ofPresses and Pr
2、ess Components3rd EditionSupersedes ANSI/AWS D14.5-97Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractRequirements are presented for the design and fabricatio
3、n of cyclically loaded press weldments, which includes the weldrepair of new and existing components. Filler metals and weld procedure specifications are recommended for the appli-cable base metals that are limited to those consisting of carbon and low-alloy steels. Allowable unit stresses are provi
4、dedfor weld metal and base metal for various cyclically loaded joint designs. This specification does not address the fabricationor weld repair of pressure containing components such as hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders, or die cushions.iiAWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009International Standard Book Number: 978
5、-0-87171-752-8American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2009 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including m
6、echanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the Am
7、erican Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended
8、 practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade p
9、art of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory
10、jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS stand
11、ard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establis
12、hes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any n
13、ature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making
14、this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgmen
15、t or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded b
16、y the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liabi
17、lity for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting er
18、rata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the Americ
19、an Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex H).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to us
20、ers of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations
21、ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffi
22、rmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D14 Committee onMachinery and Equipment and
23、the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments areprovide
24、d in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009vAWS D14.5/D14.5M:2009PersonnelAWS D14 Committee on Machinery and
25、EquipmentJ. L. Warren, Chair CNH America LLCL. L. Schweinegruber, Vice Chair Robinson Fans, IncorporatedM. Rubin, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. B. Ashley Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance CompanyB. K. Banzhaf CNH America LLCM. D. Bell Preventive MetallurgyT. J. Bruno Link-Belt Co
26、nstruction EquipmentD. J. Landon Vermeer Manufacturing CompanyT. J. Landon Chicago Bridge (2) Adequate initial and sustained performance ofequipment;(3) Personnel and equipment safety;(4) Clear, concise fabrication practices that will bereadily understood by the manufacturer, fabricator,buyer, and u
27、ser;(5) The Manufacturer, Fabricator, and Repair Organi-zation shall have and maintain a welding quality programthat will establish that all requirements of this specifica-tion will be met. A recommended welding quality pro-gram is outlined in Annex D.This specification establishes the minimum accep
28、tablepractice at the time of its publication. It is not intended torestrict new developments or in any way to inhibitadvances in the art of welding.This specification makes use of both U.S. CustomaryUnits and the International System of Units (SI). Themeasurements may not be exact equivalents; there
29、foreeach system shall be used independently of the otherwithout combining in any way. The specification withthe designation D14.5 uses U.S. Customary Units. Thespecification D14.5M uses SI Units. The latter are shownin appropriate columns in tables and figures or withinbrackets . Detailed dimensions
30、 on figures are in inches.A separate tabular form that relates the U.S. CustomaryUnits with SI Units may be used in tables and figures.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond thescope of this standard, and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Safety and health information is avail-able
31、from other sources, including, but not limited to,ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Pro-cesses, and applicable federal and state regulations.1.2 Normative References. The following standardscontain provisions which, through reference in this text,constitute mandatory provisions of t
32、his AWS standard.For undated references, the latest edition of the refer-enced standard shall apply. For dated references, subse-quent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply.Informative references (found in nonmandatory languageor elements) are shown in Annex G.AWS Sta
33、ndards1ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and AlliedProcesses;AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing,and Nondestructive Examination;AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions;AWS A5.1/A5.1M, Specification for Carbon SteelElectrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;AWS A5.5/A5.5M, S
34、pecification for Low-Alloy SteelElectrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;AWS A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines;AWS A5.17/A5.17M, Specification for Carbon SteelElectrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;AWS A5.18/A5.18M, Specification for Carbon SteelFiller Metals for Gas Shielded Arc
35、Welding;1AWS standards are published by the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.Specification for Welding ofPresses and Press ComponentsAWS D14.5/D14.5M:20092AWS A5.20/A5.20M, Specification for Carbon SteelElectrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;AWS A5.23/A5.23M, Specificat
36、ion for Low AlloySteel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;AWS A5.28/A5.28M, Specification for Low AlloySteel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Metal Arc Welding;AWS A5.29/A5.29M, Specification for Low AlloySteel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;AWS A5.32/A5.32M, Specification for Welding
37、Shielding Gases;AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure andPerformance Qualification;AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testingof Welds; andAWS B4.0M, Standard Methods for Mechanical Test-ing of Welds.ASTM Standards2ASTM A 370, Test Methods and Definitions forMechanical Testing of Steel
38、Products;ASTM A 435, Specification for Straight-Beam Ultra-sonic Examination of Steel Plates;ASTM E 94, Standard Guide for RadiographicTesting;ASTM E 709, Standard Guide for Magnetic ParticleExamination;ASTM E 747, Standard Practice for Design, Manu-facture, and Material Grouping Classification of W
39、ireImage Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology;ASTM E 1025, Standard Practice for Design, Manu-facture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology;andASTM E 1032, Standard Test Method for Radio-graphic Examination of Weldments.ASNT Speci
40、fications3SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice, Supplement A,Radiography;2ASTM standards are published by the American Society forTesting and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-hocken, PA 19428-2959.3ASNT standards are published by the American Society forNondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
41、 Lane, P.O. Box 28518,Columbus, OH 43228-0518.SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice, Supplement B,Magnetic Particle;SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice, Supplement C,Ultrasonic Testing Method; andSNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice, Supplement D,Liquid Penetrant.1.3 Definitions. The welding terms used in this cod
42、eshall be interpreted in conformance with the definitionsgiven in the latest edition of AWS A3.0, Standard Weld-ing Terms and Definitions, supplemented by the follow-ing definitions:Engineer. The responsible technical authority.Fabricator. The person, shop, or agency performing theactual welding. Th
43、e person may be employed by theManufacturers company or the Fabricator may be anindependent shop doing work on a subcontract basis.Inspector. The person designated by the manufacturer,owner, or repair service who shall ascertain that allfabrication by welding is performed in conformanceto the requir
44、ements of this SpecificationManufacturer. The person, company, or agency respon-sible for the design and performance of a press orpress component.piping porosity. Elongated porosity whose major dimen-sion lies in a direction approximately normal to theweld surface. Frequently it is referred to as “p
45、in holes”when the porosity extends to the surface.press. A machine comprised of mechanical or hydraulicdevices for applying forces that are contained withinthe frame of the machine.Purchaser or Owner. The person, company, or agencythat purchases the press.Repair Service. The organization that provid
46、es repair ormodification to a press or press component for thepress user.User. The person, company, or agency that utilizes thepress.1.4 Manufacturers Responsibility. The Manufacturersresponsibility with respect to this specification shallinclude the following:(1) Ensuring that all aspects of design
47、 and weldingare in conformance to this specification.(2) Ensuring that welding and nondestructive exami-nation symbols are in conformance with the latest editionof AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing,and Nondestructive Examination.AWS D14.5/D14.5M:20093(3) Detailing joint preparation and
48、 ensuring jointcompatibility with applied processes and materialsemployed.(4) Selecting processes for all welds.(5) Establishing written welding procedure specifica-tions (WPSs) qualified in accordance with Clause 7,Qualification, to ensure uniform practice. Each WPSshall list values for each variab
49、le for the welding processused (see 7.2), including but not limited to electrode size,welding travel speed, current range for electrode size.(6) Ensuring the standards of workmanship appliedto all welds and welding procedures conform to Clause6, Workmanship.(7) Maintaining records of all welder and procedurequalification tests pertaining to welding control.(8) Ensuring that only personnel qualified in accor-dance with Clause 7, Qualification, perform welding.2. Classification of Welded Joints and Materials2.1 Classification of Welded Joints. Welded joints aredivided into the following
