1、UnderwaterWelding CodeAWS D3.6M:2010An American National StandardAWS D3.6M:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteSeptember 10, 2010Underwater Welding Code5th EditionSupersedes AWS D3.6M:1999Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D3 Committee on W
2、elding in Marine ConstructionUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis Code covers the requirements for welding structures or components under the surface of water. It includes weldingin both dry and wet environments. Clauses 1 thro
3、ugh 6 constitute the general requirements for underwater welding whileclauses 7 through 9 contain the special requirements applicable to three individual classes of weld:Class AComparable to above-water weldingClass BFor less critical applicationsClass OTo meet the requirements of another designated
4、 code or specificationInternational Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-782-5American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2010 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored
5、in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or edu-catio
6、nal classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.AWS D3.6M:2010iiAWS D3.6M:2010iiiStatement on the Use of American We
7、lding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). W
8、hen AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those
9、AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relati
10、onship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interes
11、ts to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims lia
12、bility for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance onthis standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accura
13、cy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. An
14、yone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appro
15、priately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabili
16、ties for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On
17、 occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appr
18、opriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex F).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standa
19、rds may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these
20、oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction.
21、 It mustbe reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will rec
22、eive careful consideration by the AWS D3 Committee onWelding in Marine Construction and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction toexpress their comments
23、verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are pro-vided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from theAmerican Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS D3.6M:2010ivThis page
24、is intentionally blank.DedicationAWS D3.6M:2010vThe D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction dedi-cates this edition of AWS D3.6M, Underwater Welding Code,to the memory of Conway E. Whitey Grubbs.C. E. WHITEY GRUBBS19182004Whitey passed away in June 2004 at the age of 85 and is considered by m
25、any in the field as the father of underwaterwet welding. During his more than 30 years of dedication tounderwater welding, Whitey founded the AWS committeethat established the standard for underwater welding, andserved as its Chairman from 1974 to 1988. He authored more than 50 papers on underwater
26、welding, received numer-ous awards for his contributions, and held three patents. He was the first to design and use the scallop sleeve splice for connecting tubular members by wet welding. Whiteyretired from Global Industries as the Director of UnderwaterWelding Research. He was a friend and mentor
27、 to many in theindustry today.AWS D3.6M:2010viThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D3.6M:2010viiPersonnelAWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine ConstructionM. J. Ludwig, Chair Fronius USA, LLCM. J. Sullivan, 1st Vice-Chair NASSCOS. A. Collins, 2nd Vice-Chair Maine Maritime AcademyB. McGrath, Secretar
28、y American Welding SocietyB. Baldree Keppel-AmFELST. W. Burns AlcoTec Wire CorporationG. M. Cain Oxylance IncorporatedC. B. Champney Nelson Stud WeldingD. Cottle D. C. FabricatorsB. H. Halverson Marinette Marine CorporationD. R. Haydock General Atomics ElectromagneticP. A. Hebert Northrop Grumman Ne
29、wport NewsR. D. Holdsworth Management Systems TechnologyM. H. Huelskamp Gulf Marine FabricatorsK. L. Johnson Todd Pacific ShipyardL. G. Kvidahl Northrop Grumman ShipbuildingH. W. Lehman BechtelJ. W. Mumaw Nelson Stud WeldingS. E. Pollard Machinists, IncorporatedT. Ulinski Springs Fabrication IncAdvi
30、sors to the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine ConstructionT. Anderson ESABS. Ivanov ConsultantT. Iwata National Maritime Research InstituteA. W. Johnson A. W. Johnson intermediate degrees of weldment and welder protection from thewater are in use. Metal-transfer characteristics, solidification b
31、ehavior, weld appearance, mechanical properties, andother characteristics can vary with pressure, and each method of welding may differ from its usual behavior with conven-tional surface welding. Special quality requirements and inspection procedures must be established for underwater weldsbecause o
32、f the altered environment and accessibility. This document is intended to define the important variables associ-ated with underwater welding and to describe welding and inspection procedures so that work of a known quality levelcan be conveniently specified.Three weld classes (A, B, and O) are speci
33、fied herein. They encompass the range of quality and properties currently pro-duced by application of the various methods. Each weld class defines a set of criteria for weldment properties that mustbe established during qualification, and a set of weld soundness requirements that are to be verified
34、during construction.Welds in each class must meet all the criteria specified for that class. This Code does not address the selection of the classthat meets the service requirements of a particular application. The selection of the class of weld to be provided is to beprescribed by the customer.Comm
35、ents and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be addressed to the Secretary,AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS D3.6M:2010xThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D3.6M:2010xiTable of Conte
36、ntsPage No.Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vPersonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiForeword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixList of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xivList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
39、List of Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv1. General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Base Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 Welding Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 Welding and NDE Symbols. . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 Safety and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.10 Standard Units of Me
45、asure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Classification and Design of Welded Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 Classification of Welds .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53. Workman
47、ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、. . . . . . . . . . 63.2 Base Metal Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 Confirmation Weld. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 Dimensional Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.6 Weld Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.7 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
