1、Underwater Welding CodeD3.6M:2017An American National StandardAWS D3.6M:2017An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJanuary 10, 2017Underwater Welding Code6th EditionSupersedes AWS D3.6M:2010Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D3 Committee on Marine
2、 WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the requirements for welding structures or components under the surface of water. It includes welding in both dry and wet environments. Clauses 1 through 8 constitute the
3、 general requirements for underwater welding, while clauses 9 through 11 contain the special requirements applicable to three individual classes of weld as follows:Class AComparable to above-water weldingClass BFor less critical applicationsClass OTo meet the requirements of another designated code
4、or specificationAWS D3.6M:2017iiInternational Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-902-7 2017 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, i
5、ncluding mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is grant
6、ed by the American Welding Society provided that the appropri-ate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .AWS D3.6M:2017iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, rec
7、ommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in
8、, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body havin
9、g statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements
10、of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the proc-es
11、s and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other dam
12、ages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herein.In is
13、suing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own
14、independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard
15、 may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org).
16、 Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims li
17、ability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only
18、 be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex F). With regard to technical inquiries made
19、concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These
20、individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addi-tion, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time
21、by the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and s
22、hould be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D3 Commi
23、ttee on Welding in Marine Construction to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are pro-vided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society,
24、 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS D3.6M:2017ivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D3.6M:2017vPersonnelAWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine ConstructionK. L. Johnson, Chair Vigor ShipyardsM. J. Sullivan, 1st Vice Chair NASSCONational Steel some safety and health information is provided, bu
25、t such issues are not fully addressed herein. Recommended Guidelines for Safety in Underwater Welding are found in Annex B (Informative).Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied ProcessesAWS
26、D3.6M:20172(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersAssociation of Diving Contractors Internati
27、onal:(1) International Consensus Standards for Commercial Diving and Underwater OperationsInternational Marine Contractors Association:(1) IMCA D 014, International Code of Practice for Offshore Diving(2) IMCA D 045/IMCA R 015, Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Electricity UnderwaterApplicable Re
28、gulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. Th
29、e user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when devel-oping the safety program.1.4 Application1.4.1 All references to the need for approval shall be interpreted to
30、 mean approval by a duly designated person acting for and on behalf of the Customer on all matters within the scope of this code. The Customer may designate an engineer, inspector, or other(s) to act in the Customers behalf to ensure that the requirements of this code are fulfilled. The Customer sho
31、uld specify the authority of the authorized representatives. Hereinafter, the term Customer shall be used to mean the party contracting for the work or the authorized representative.1.4.2 In this code, the term “shall” indicates a mandatory requirement and has the significance of excluding the idea
32、of discretion. The word “should” indicates a nonmandatory recommended practice. The word “may” implies no obligation and expresses liberty or permission.1.4.3 Where alternative requirements are permitted by the specification, all requirements that modify this code shall be incorporated into contract
33、 documents.1.4.4 For Class O welds (see 4.1.6 and 7.5), conflicts between referenced documents and this document shall be brought to the attention of the Customer for disposition. In general, the referenced documents may take precedence in matters not affected by the underwater environment. However,
34、 this document shall take precedence in matters related to the underwater welding environment and working conditions.1.5 Base Metals1.5.1 This standard covers the welding of low alloy, carbon steels, and austenitic stainless steels. The weldability of the steel and the procedures for welding it shal
35、l be established by qualification. The carbon content, carbon equivalent, and tensile strength of low alloy and carbon steels are critical variables for underwater welding. Production welding on low alloy and carbon steels with a carbon content, carbon equivalent, or tensile strength above that qual
36、ified shall require requalification of the procedure.1.5.2 This code may be used for welding of other base metals. In such cases, applicability of specific requirements shall be determined by the Customer.1.6 Welding Process1.6.1 Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), flux co
37、red arc welding (FCAW), plasma arc welding (PAW), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) are the principal joining processes addressed by this code. These processes may be used, provided the welding procedure is qualified in accordance with all applicable requirements of this document.AWS D3.6M:20173
38、1.6.2 Other welding processes may be used at the discretion of the Customer, provided the applicable qualification requirements of this code are met.1.7 Welding and NDE Symbols. Welding and examination symbols shall be those shown in AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructiv
39、e Examination. Special conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or details.42. Normative ReferencesThe documents listed below are referenced within this publication and are mandatory to the extent specified herein. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall
40、 apply. For dated references, subsequent amend-ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.American Welding Society (AWS) standards:AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive TestingAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms
41、for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal SprayingAWS B4.0, Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS D1.1/D1.1M, Structural Welding CodeSteelAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard:ANSI Z49. 1, Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied ProcessesAmerican Petroleum Institu
42、te (API) standard:API RP2X, Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic and Magnetic Examination of Offshore Structural Fabrication and Guidelines for Qualification of TechniciansAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard:ASME BPV Code, Section IX, QW-470, Etching Processes and ReagentsAmerica
43、n Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) standard:Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive TestingASTM International standards:ASTM A370, Standard Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsASTM E92, Standard Test Methods
44、 for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic MaterialsASTM E164, Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of WeldmentsASTM E165/E165M, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryASTM E309, Standard Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubular Pro
45、ducts Using Magnetic SaturationASTM E340, Standard Practice for Macroetching Metals and AlloysASTM E426, Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar AlloysASTM E709, Standard Guide for Magn
46、etic Particle TestingASTM E1219, Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable ProcessASTM E1220, Standard Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent-Removable ProcessAWS D3.6M:20175ASTM E1416, Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldme
47、ntsASTM E1444/E1444M, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards:ISO 148, Metallic materialsCharpy pendulum impact testPart 1: Test methodISO 3452, Nondestructive testingPenetrant testingGeneral principlesISO 4136, Destructive tests
48、on welds in metallic materialsTransverse tensile testISO 4969, Steel Etching method for macroscopic examinationISO 6892, Metallic materialsTensile testingPart 1: Method of test at room temperatureISO 6947, Welding and allied processesWelding positionsISO 9015-2, Destructive tests on welds in metalli
49、c materialsHardness testingPart 2: Microhardness testing of welded jointsISO 9016, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materialsImpact testsTest specimen location, notch orientation and examination63. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein. However, the following terms and definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document.ambient pressure. Pressure of the environment surrounding the welding arc.arc-dry. A condition in which the welding arc and any s
