1、AWS D8.1M:2013An American National StandardSpecification forAutomotiveWeld QualityResistance SpotWelding of SteelAWS D8.1M:2013An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 29, 2013Specification forAutomotive Weld QualityResistance Spot Welding of Steel2nd Edi
2、tionSupersedes AWS D8.1M:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis document contains both visual and measurable acceptance criteria for resistance s
3、pot welds in steels. The informationcontained herein may be used as an aid by designers, resistance welding equipment manufacturers, welded productproducers, and others involved in the automotive industry and resistance spot welding of steels.iiAWS D8.1M:2013ISBN-13: 978-0-87171-065-9 2013 by Americ
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6、Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D8.1M:2013Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are volunta
7、ry consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations o
8、f other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these stand
9、ards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are devel
10、oped through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-a
11、te, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly res
12、ulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron
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15、emented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includingamendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have thelatest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not aut
16、horize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, poli
17、ce, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the Amer
18、ican Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to u
19、sers of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations
20、 ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed
21、or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D8 Committee on AutomotiveWelding and the author
22、of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules o
23、f Operation of theTechnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D8.1M:2013vAWS D8.1M:2013PersonnelAWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingD. L. Galiher, Chair Tower In
24、ternationalT. Coon, 1st Vice Chair Ford Motor CompanyM. D. Tumuluru, 2nd Vice Chair U.S. Steel CorporationE. H. Abrams, Secretary American Welding SocietyG. Armstrong Yachiyo of Ontario Manufacturing, IncorporatedJ. E. Beckham Chrysler Group LLCJ. C. Bohr General MotorsW. H. Brafford Tuffaloy Produc
25、ts, IncorporatedJ. W. Dolfi ConsultantF. W. Hunt Hitachi America, LimitedJ. G. Hunt AET Integration, IncorporatedC. Jiang AET Integration, IncorporatedS. C. Kelley ArcelorMittalD. P. Kelly Fusion Welding SolutionsD. R. Kolodziej Ford Motor Company (Retired)D. F. Maatz, Jr. RoMan Engineering Services
26、, IncorporatedT. W. Morrissett RoMan Engineering Services, IncorporatedJ. S. Noruk Servo Robot CorporationW. F. Qualls ConsultantAdvisors to the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingE. Cross-Smith Meggit Aircraft Braking SystemsW. W. Doneth Fronius USA LLCAWS D8D Subcommittee on Automotive Resistan
27、ce Spot WeldingJ. C. Bohr, Chair General MotorsW. F. Qualls, 1st Vice Chair ConsultantH. Zhang, 2nd Vice Chair University of ToledoE. H. Abrams, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. E. Beckham Chrysler Group LLCE. Biro ArcelorMittalW. H. Brafford Tuffaloy Products, IncorporatedT. Coon Ford Motor Com
28、panyJ. W. Dolfi ConsultantJ. G. Hunt AET Integration, IncorporatedC. Jiang AET Integration, IncorporatedD. P. Kelly Fusion Welding SolutionsM. Kimchi The Ohio State UniversityM. Kuo ArcelorMittalD. F. Maatz, Jr. RoMan Engineering Services, IncorporatedT. W. Morrissett RoMan Engineering Services, Inc
29、orporatedT. V. Natale AK Steel CorporationC. J. Orsette Fusion Welding SolutionsE. Pakalnins RoMan Engineering ServicesviAWS D8.1M:2013W. Peterson Edison Welding InstituteD.J. Spinella ALCOA Technical CenterN.S. Scotchmer Huys Industries LimitedM.D.Tumuluru U.S. Steel CorporationAdvisors to the AWS
30、D8D Subcommittee on Automotive Resistance Spot WeldingW. H. Trojanowski Chrysler Group LLCM. Hebert General Motors (Retired)T. Sparschu tms SolutionsAWS D8D Subcommittee on Automotive Resistance Spot Welding (Continued)viiAWS D8.1M:2013ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS D8.1M:2013, Specificati
31、on for Automotive Weld Quality Resistance Spot Welding of Steel, but is included for informational purposes only.This publication supersedes the first edition of the D8.1M:2007, Specification for Automotive Weld QualityResistanceSpot Welding of Steel. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revisi
32、on from the 2007 edition.This document has been prepared to establish acceptance criteria for resistance spot welds in automotive structures fab-ricated from steels including the Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS). As a specification, the criteria and techniquescontained are obligatory when cited
33、as a normative reference on a drawing or in a contract.This specification was prepared by the AWS D8D Subcommittee on Automotive Resistance Spot Welding of the AWSD8 Committee on Automotive Welding. This publication is issued under the auspices of the AWS D8 Committee onAutomotive Welding.This page
34、is intentionally blank.viiiAWS D8.1M:2013ixAWS D8.1M:2013Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.xList of Figures.x1. Scope and Applicability11.1 Scope11.2 Standard Units of Measurement 11.3 Safety Precautions12. Normative References13. Terms and Definitions 24. Weld Process C
35、ontrol 25. Spot Weld Acceptance Criteria. 35.1 Surface Inspection Criteria.35.2 Destructive InspectionMetallographic Criteria 35.3 Destructive InspectionPeel and Chisel Criteria65.4 Destructive InspectionShear and Cross Tension Criteria.9Annex A (Informative)Informative References23Annex B (Informat
36、ive)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries .25List of AWS Documents on Automotive Welding.27xAWS D8.1M:2013List of TablesTable Page No.1 Classification of Steels for Resistance Spot Welding Purposes 32 Minimum Acceptable Weld Size.53 Shear Tension Sample Dimensions .204 Cross Tension
37、Sample Dimensions .22List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Examples of Edge Welds.42 Surface Cracks.43 Indentation Measurement54 Attributes of a Spot Weld Measured from a Cross Section.65 Penetration Measurement66 Example of Discrepant Pores and Cavities .77 Example of Discrepant Internal Cracks 78 Measur
38、ement Method89 Example of Measuring a Crescent Button.910 Fracture Mode 1Button Pull1011 Fracture Mode 2Partial Thickness Fracture with Button Pull.1112 Fracture Mode 3Partial Thickness Fracture 1213 Fracture Mode 4Interfacial Fracture with Button Pull and Partial Thickness Fracture 1314 Fracture Mo
39、de 5Interfacial Fracture with Button Pull 1415 Fracture Mode 6Interfacial Fracture with Partial Thickness Fracture 1516 Fracture Mode 7Interfacial Fracture .1617 Fracture Mode 8No Fusion .1718 Representative Minimum Shear Tension Strength Values for Group 2 Steels1819 Representative Minimum Shear Te
40、nsion Strength Values for Group 3 Steels1920 Representative Minimum Shear Tension Strength Values for Group 4 Steels1921 Minimum Cross Tension Strength Values for Group 2, 3, and 4 Steels2022 Schematic for Shear Tension Samples 2023 Metrics Monitored in Shear and Cross Tension Tests.2124 Schematic f
41、or Cross Tension Samples 22AWS D8.1M:20131Specification for Automotive Weld QualityResistance Spot Welding of Steel1. Scope and Applicability1.1 Scope. This specification defines quality characteristics and metrics pertinent to resistance spot welds on steels used inautomotive applications. The eval
42、uation methods and inspection criteria specified herein can be used to evaluate the effec-tiveness of particular welding equipment and procedures used to weld a particular base material combination. The criteriaand metrics are the same for all welds regardless of the service load. The quality standa
43、rds established by this specificationdo not constitute a lower bound of suitability for service; welds that do not meet the weld quality criteria of this specifica-tion may be satisfactory for certain applications. The acceptance criteria of this standard are not intended for applicationsoutside thi
44、s scope (such as post-crash weld quality assessment): attempts to do so may lead to an erroneous result.1.2 Standard Units of Measurement. This standard makes sole use of the International System of Units (SI).1.3 Safety Precautions. Safety issues and concerns are addressed in this standard, althoug
45、h health issues and concernsare beyond the scope of this standard. Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health informati
46、on on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that hav
47、e been deemed hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto address such risks as well as to me
48、et applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety program.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of thisAWS standard. For undated references, the latest ed
49、ition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.American Welding Society (AWS) standards:1AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Sol-dering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying; andAWS D8.9M, Recommended Practices for Test Methods for Evaluating the Resistance Spot Welding Behavior ofAutomotive Sheet Steel Materials.1AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 3
