1、Specificationfor Use andPerformance ofTransparentWelding Curtainsand ScreensAWS F2.3M:2011An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS F2.3M:2011An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 7, 2010Specification for Use andPerformance
2、 of TransparentWelding Curtains and Screens2nd EditionSupersedes AWS F2.3M:2001Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) Committee on Safety and HealthApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard informs the reader of reasonable and adequate means, ways, and methods for the testing
3、, selection, andsafe use of transparent welding curtains and screens. These devices are designed to provide outside viewers, at some dis-tance from the welding arc or operation, a safe view of the operation and operator.iiAWS F2.3M:2011International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-779-5American We
4、lding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2010 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying,
5、recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society pr
6、ovided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS F2.3M:2011Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classificat
7、ions, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are inclu
8、ded in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can bec
9、ome a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between
10、 the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in
11、 the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial
12、, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is
13、neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek thead
14、vice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions.
15、Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany
16、patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discover
17、ed, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Ma
18、naging Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex D).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they d
19、o not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinion
20、s are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Committee on Safety and Health. It must be reviewed everyfive years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendatio
21、ns, additions, ordeletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed toAWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Committee on Safety and Health andthe author of the comments will be informed of the C
22、ommittees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attendall meetings of the AWS Committee on Safety and Health to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal ofan adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical ActivitiesCommit
23、tee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami,FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS F2.3M:2011vAWS F2.3M:2011PersonnelAWS Safety and Health CommitteeD. E. Clark, Chair Idaho National Engineering and Environmental LaboratoryJ. D.
24、Jennings, 2nd Vice Chair Miller Electric Manufacturing CompanyS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding SocietyS. E. Ferree ESAB Welding & Cutting ProductsD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyS. R. Fiore Edison Welding InstituteD. G. Harvey Hobart BrothersK. A. Lyttle Praxair, IncorporatedA. F. Ma
25、nz A. F. Manz AssociatesAdvisors to the AWS Safety and Health CommitteeJ. F. Hinrichs Friction Stir Link, IncorporatedN. Jenkins The Ohio State UniversityT. Lyon ConsultantJ. Petkovsek The Lincoln Electric CompanyD. H. Sliney ConsultantR. J. Tucker ConsultantThis page is intentionally blank.viAWS F2
26、.3M:2011viiAWS F2.3M:2011ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS F2.3M:2011, Specification for Use and Performance ofTransparent Welding Curtains and Screens, but is included for informational purposes only.This specification was originally developed by the AWS Safety and Health Committee, with the
27、 assistance from manu-facturers and users of transparent welding curtains and screens. The goal was a standard to provide the minimum safetyrequirements for these products and to differentiate them from welding filters. This revision is the second edition ofSpecification for Use and Performance of T
28、ransparent Welding Curtains and Screens and supersedes the edition pub-lished in 2001. The major change from the first edition is the inclusion of the new Annex C, Measurement of SpectralTransmittance, and the guidance to exclude the measurement of any fluorescence.This page is intentionally blank.v
29、iiiAWS F2.3M:2011ixAWS F2.3M:2011Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.x1. Scope and Purpose 11.1 Scope11.2 Purpose.12. Normative References .13. Terms and Definitions .24. Compliance 34.1 Performance Requirements 34.2 Variations .35. General Requirements 36. Requirements fo
30、r the Use of Transparent Welding Curtains/Screens .36.1 Prevention of Injuries.36.2 Hazardous Environment.36.3 Protectors .36.4 Adequate Protection.37. Performance Requirements47.1 View .47.2 Bystander Protection 47.3 Transmittance Properties47.4 Weathering Resistance .48. Precautions.49. Marking410
31、. Maintenance.411. Selection and Use.412. Flammability Test413. Large Area Viewing 5Annex A (Informative)Calculation of Luminous Transmittance, TL.7Annex B (Informative)Calculation of Blue Light Transmittance, TB9Annex C (Informative)Measurement of Spectral Transmittance .11Annex D (Informative)Guid
32、elines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries.13xAWS F2.3M:2011List of TablesTable Page No.1 Grade Chart.2A.1 Values for V() and S().7B.1 Values for B()9AWS F2.3M:201111. Scope and Purpose1.1 Scope. This standard shall apply to transparent welding curtains and screens used for all welding and cu
33、tting opera-tions or processes where harmful sparks, spatter, and radiation are emitted, and excludes those sources that emit x-rays,gamma rays, particulate radiation (such as alpha and beta radiation), laser light, or electron beams. This standard makesuse of the International System of Units (SI).
34、1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide reasonable and adequate means, ways, and methods for the test-ing, selection, and safe use of transparent welding curtains and screens. In order to carry this out, the function of thesetransparent welding curtains and screens needs to be unders
35、tood clearly. These devices are designed to provide outsideviewers, at some distance from the welding arc or operation, a safe view of the operation and operator. Transparent weld-ing curtains and screens are not meant to replace a welding filter plate or to provide a close-up view of the welding op
36、er-ation. It is recommended that the transparent welding curtain or screen be at least 1 meter from the arc or operation. Inestablishing safety requirements, the hazards for a viewer at least 1 meter away were considered, with an 8 hour viewingtime. In addition, a worst-case welding arc for ultravio
37、let and blue light emission was used (GMAW on aluminum withan argon shield gas). This represents a conservative approach for eye safety.Because of this philosophy, curtain or screen grades were not referenced to the welding or cutting operation. The user isfree to choose a device of whatever level o
38、f visible light transmission for the particular situation. Consequently, alldevices must provide a minimally adequate level of ultraviolet and blue light attenuation. For example, if a low level ofglare attenuation is desired, a light shade curtain can be selected, and the user would be assured of a
39、dequate levels ofattenuation of ultraviolet and blue light radiation.2. Normative ReferencesThe standards listed below contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions ofthis AWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard
40、 shall apply. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.(1) AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying1(2) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding,
41、 Cutting, and Allied Processes(3) ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection21AWS standards and ANSI Z49.1 are published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.2ANSI Z87.1 is published by the International Safety Equipment Associati
42、on, 1901 North Moore Street, Suite 808, Arlington, VA 22209.Specification for Use and Performance ofTransparent Welding Curtains and ScreensAWS F2.3M:20112(4) ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels3(5) NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films4(6) Tit
43、le 19, California Code of Regulations, Chapter 8, Regulations Relating to Flame-Retardant Chemicals, Fabricsand Application Concerns5(7) ISO 11664-1:2007, Colorimetry Part 1: CIE Standard Colorimetric Observers6(8) ISO 11664-2:2007, Colorimetry Part 2: CIE Standard Illuminants3. Terms and Definition
44、sAWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, ThermalCutting, and Thermal Spraying, provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein. However, the following termsand definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to
45、 this document.shall. The use of the word “shall” indicates a mandatory requirement.should. The use of the word “should” indicates a recommendation.blue light transmission (TB). Transmittance of radiation weighted by its ability to cause photochemical damage to theretina. For transparent welding cur
46、tains or screens, only the spectral region of 400 nm to 500 nm shall be used.CIE. The International Commission on Illumination (usually abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission interna-tionale de lclairage) is the international authority on light, illumination, color, and color spaces.grade.
47、An index of the visual attenuation (or luminous transmittance) of a transparent welding curtain or screen. Gradelevels L, M, and D refer to light, medium, and dark (see Table 1).hazard. Sparks, spatter, and the presence of blue light (covering the spectral range 400 nm500 nm) and/or ultravioletradia
48、tion from welding and allied processes.hazardous environment. An environment where a hazard as defined in this standard exists.3ANSI Z535.4 is published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA22209.4NFPA 701 is published by the National F
49、ire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169.5California Code of Regulations is published by Barclays Official Code of Regulations, P.O. Box 2006, San Francisco, CA 94126.6ISO standards are published by the International Organization for Standards, 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1221 Geneva 20,Switzerland.Table 1Grade ChartGradeaLuminous Transmittance (%) Max. Transmittance (%) UltravioletMax. Blue Light Transmittance (%)Min. Max. 200 nm315 nm 315 nm380 nm 400 nm500 nmLMD29.008.501.18100.029.08.50.0020.0020.0020.10.10.10.20.20.2aL = light M = medi
