1、AWWA Standard SM Permanganates Effective date: April 1, 2016. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 28, 1968. This edition approved Jan. 16, 2016. Approved by American National Standards Institute Oct. 6, 2015. ANSI/AWWA B603-16 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B603-10) Copyright 2016 America
2、n Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained i
3、n specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or produ
4、ct type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consen
5、sus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Works Association. The action becomes ef
6、fective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National
7、Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products
8、, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsibilit
9、y in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANS
10、I approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive curren
11、t information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-135-4 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-361-9DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.
12、B603.16 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the
13、 written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2016 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is
14、 illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Taste and Odor Control Chemicals, which reviewed and appro
15、ved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Nathanial K. Dunahee, Chair General Interest Members N.K. Dunahee, Burns June 5, 1983; June 19, 1988; June 6, 1993; June 21, 1998; June 1 5, 2003; and Jan. 17 , 2010. This edition was approved on Jan. 16, 2016. I.C. Acceptance.
16、In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii Int
17、ernational (NSF*) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental
18、Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose
19、to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of NSF: NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking
20、 Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certificati
21、on organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regula
22、ted by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the c
23、ertifier. ANSI/AWWA B603 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3.2 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to the residual sol- ids is becoming a problem of great concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.2 is a recommen- dation only for direct additives used
24、in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard shou
25、ld also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Water Research Foundation, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. Persons o
26、utside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Dete
27、rmine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions. Permanganates are strong oxidizing agents and should be treated as such. The products themselves are noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. They react wit
28、h many materials and care should be exercised in their handling, storage, and use. Therefore, contact with all combustible materials or chemicals must be avoided. These include but are not limited to wood, cloth, organic materials, and charcoal. Avoid contact with acids, peroxides, sulfites, oxalate
29、s, and other oxidizable inorganic chemicals. Permanganates should be segregated from ammonium compounds, metallic powders, phosphorus, hydrogen peroxide, carbon, metal hydrides, hydrazine, hydroxylamines, antifreeze, hydraulic oils, and formaldehyde. The products should be stored in a cool, dry area
30、 in closed containers and should be protected from physical damage. Concrete floors are preferred. Avoid wooden decks. Protect the liquid sodium permanganate solution from freezing. Spills of dry potassium permanganate should be swept up and transferred to clean metal drums and disposed of according
31、 to federal, state or provincial, and local reg- ulations. Spilled dry potassium permanganate should not be returned to the origi- nal drums that contain uncontaminated product. After the permanganate has been cleaned up, the residual permanganate on the floor should be flushed with water into a san
32、itary sewer, complying with federal, state or provincial, and local regulations. Spills of liquid sodium permanganate solution should be collected and disposed of properly. Contain and dilute spillage to approximately 6 percent with water and reduce the permanganate with sodium thiosulfate, sodium b
33、isulfite, or sodium metabisulfite. Deposit sludge in an approved landfill or, where permitted, flush into a sanitary sewer with large quantities of water. When handling either potassium permanganate or sodium permanganate, good safety procedures must be observed. These include the use of safety gogg
34、les, safety glasses with side shields, or face shields; impervious rubber or PVC gloves; and aprons. A NIOSHMSHA-approved respirator meeting general industry standards as described in ANSI/ASSE* Z88.2, American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Pro- tection, latest revision, is recommended
35、 when handling dry potassium permanganate * American Society of Safety Engineers, 520 North Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. x crystals and where significant exposure to the liquid sodium permanganate solution exists. If c
36、lothing becomes spotted when handling the liquid sodium permanganate, wash off immediately with large quantities of water. Permanganates are corrosive to the eyes and can cause severe burns. If exposed to permanganate, immediately flush the affected eye with water for 15 minutes while holding the ey
37、elid open. Consult a physician immediately. For additional safety aspects, refer to safety data sheets (SDSs) available from the chemical supplier or manufacturer. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that sta
38、ndard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The fo llowing information should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B603, Permanganates, of latest revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Dr
39、inking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. 3. Quantity required. 4. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4). 5. Grade desiredtechnical, free-flowing, or other dry crystals, or liquid solu- tion. Physical and chemical requirements are provided
40、in the standard for both the dry technical and free-flowing grades (Sec. 4.1.1) and the liquid products (Sec. 4.1.2). Chemical requirements for dry potassium permanganate are provided for technical and free-flowing grades (Sec. 4.2). If a grade other than technical, free-flowing, or liquid product i
41、s desired, the purchaser must specify the requirements of the grade desired. 6. Whether the purchaser will reject product from containers or packaging with missing or damaged seals. The purchaser may reject product from bulk containers or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchasers
42、tests of representative samples, conducted in accordance with Sec. 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5, demonstrate that the product meets the standard. Failure to meet the standard or the absence of, or irregu- larities in, seals may be sufficient cause to reject the shipment. 7. Form of shipmentbulk, container size
43、 (weight), and type of package (Sec. 6.2). 8. Whether alternative security measures have been adopted to replace or aug- ment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. 9. Affidavit of compliance or certified analysis, if required (Sec. 6.3). Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
