1、AWWA Standard SM Replacement and Flushing of Lead Service Lines Effective date: Nov. 1, 2017. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 11, 2017. This edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 11, 2017. Approved by American National Standards Institute Sept. 1, 2017. ANSI/AWWA C8
2、10-17 (First Edition) Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and adm
3、inistrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not co
4、nstitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA
5、standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory ser- vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water W
6、orks Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scop
7、e and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, mark
8、eting, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce - dures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cau- tioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encourag
9、ed to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this st
10、andard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American
11、 National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sale
12、s of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-269-6 eISBN-13, electronic: 978
13、-1-61300-453-1 DOI:http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.C810.17 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excer
14、pts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2017 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Subcommittee on Lead Service Line
15、s, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: J. Eisnor, Halifax Water, Halifax, N.S., Canada (AWWA) J.A. Fleming,* Standards Council Liaison, Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, Ohio (AWWA) T.C. Gilbert, Onondaga County Water Authority, Syracuse, N.Y
16、. (AWWA) S. Gould, Atkins, Austin, Texas (AWWA) M.E. Grahek, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Mojave, Calif. (AWWA) K.C. Morgan, KCM Consulting Services LLC, Phoenix, Ariz. (AWWA) K. Oberoi, Charleston Water System, Charleston, S.C. (AWWA) P.J. Olson,* Staff Advisor, American Water Works A
17、ssociation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) S.D. Osborne, OSD LLC, Lexington, Mass. (AWWA) R.W. Roost, Lansing Board of Water and Light, Lansing, Mich. (AWWA) M.K. Schmelling, DC Water, Washington, D.C. (AWWA) R. Slabaugh, Arcadis, Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA) F. Trinchini, City of TorontoToronto Water, Toronto,
18、Ont., Canada (AWWA) C. Van Der Kolk, Zeeland Board of Public Works, Zeeland, Mich. (AWWA) S.H. Via, American Water Works Association, Washington, D.C. (AWWA) A.J. Weiss, Onondaga County Water Authority, Syracuse, N.Y. (AWWA) The AWWA Standards Committee on Distribution System Operations and Manageme
19、nt, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Kanwal Oberoi, Chair General Interest Members M.N. Agbodo, URS Corporation, Temecula, Calif. (AWWA) M.L. Altland, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Iselin, N.J. (AWWA) D.M. Flancher,* Standards Engineer Liaison,
20、AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) S. Gould, Atkins, Austin, Texas (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iv H. Huddle, NAVFACWashington Public Works Department, Washington Navy Yard, D.C. (AWWA) S.R. Mason, Kimley-Horn and Associates Inc., Fort Wor
21、th, Texas (AWWA) B. McDonald, HDR Engineering, Phoenix, Ariz. (AWWA) K.C. Morgan, KCM Consulting Services LLC, Phoenix, Ariz. (AWWA) S.D. Osborne, OSD LLC, Lexington, Mass. (AWWA) P. Rogers, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Ga. (AWWA) D.S. Schwartz,* Standards Council Liaison, City of Waynes
22、boro, Waynesboro, Va. (AWWA) A.J. Weiss, GHD Inc., Cazenovia, N.Y. (AWWA) Producer Members D.A. Feuer, Woolpert Inc., Englewood, Colo. (AWWA) User Members J.S. Czarnecki, Greenville Water, Travelers Rest, S.C. (AWWA) J.E. Dyksen, Suez Water, North Haledon, N.J. (AWWA) W.C. Gedney, Golden State Water
23、 Company, Ontario, Calif. (AWWA) M.E. Grahek, Los Angeles Department of Water, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) C. Morissette, Ville de Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada (AWWA) K. Oberoi, Charleston Water System, Charleston, S.C. (AWWA) G. Ramon, Little Rock Wastewater, Little Rock, Ark. (AWWA) D. Spencer,
24、 Powdersville Water District, Powdersville, S.C. (AWWA) J.W. Swertfeger, Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, Ohio (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some var
25、iations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance vii II Special Issues. . ix II.A Prioritizing Lead Service Line Replacement . ix II.B Optimizing Corrosion Control Treatment . ix II.C R
26、euse or Replacement of Service Line Fittings, Valves, and Water Meters ix II.D Utility Communication Planning for Lead in Drinking Water . x II.E Grounding of Electrical Circuits on Piping xi III Use of This Standard xi III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives xi III.B Modification to Standard . xi
27、IV Major Revisions xi V Comments . xi Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Location and Replacement of Lead Service Lines . 4 4.2 Partial Replacements . 9 4.3 Communications and Instructions to Customers . 12 4.4 Flushin
28、g Service Lines After Full or Partial Replacement 12 5 Verification 5.1 Documentation of Construction Activities . 14 5.2 Water Testing Following Replacement 14 Figure 1 Typical Water Service Line Components 3 Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentiona
29、lly blank.vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C810. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Replacement of lead service lines and subsequent flushing are important processes for ensuring the delivery of safe drinking water. The AWWA Policy Statement on Lead S
30、ervice Line Management supports protecting public health through the reduction of exposure to lead in drinking water and encourages communities to develop a lead reduction strategy that includes identifying and removing all lead service lines over time. This standard is intended to describe essentia
31、l procedures for the replacement of lead service lines, including the following elements: appropriate tools and techniques; flushing a service line after replacement; factors to consider in optimizing flushing; instructions to inform customers affected by the replacement, including additional risk r
32、eduction measures; and verification of lead level management prior to return to service. Although partial replacements should be discouraged, this standard also describes procedures for partial replacement and repair situations where full service line replacement is not possible or practical. This i
33、s the first edition of this standard and will likely result in valuable feedback from first users of the standard. As such, it is anticipated that a second edition with additional information and guidance will be necessary and issued well before AWWAs regular five-year revision schedule for standard
34、s. I.B. History. Development of this standard was authorized by the AWWA Standards Council in 2015 and was assigned to the AWWA Standards Committee on Distribution Systems Operations and Management. A Subcommittee on Lead Service Lines was formed to draft the standard. This first edition of the stan
35、dard was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 11, 2017. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certificati
36、on program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fou
37、rth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in co
38、ntact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references,
39、 including 1. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 2. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF : NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. 3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Ch
40、emicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60 and 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit
41、certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 and 61 do not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substan
42、ces not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depe
43、nding on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA C810 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certificat
44、ions by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann
45、Arbor, MI 48105. Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix II. Special Issues. II.A. Prioritizing Lead Service Line Replacement. Suggested items to consider when
46、prioritizing lead service line replacement follow (not in order of priority): Any lead service line that is physically disturbed by dig-ins, excavations, repairs, or similar activities. Existing partial lead service line replacements. Lead service lines supplying schools, day care centers, or other
47、identified sensi- tive populations as defined by the USEPA. Lead service lines where sample results are more than 15 ppb or other estab- lished health levels. Lead service lines located in scheduled underground infrastructure work or street restoration work zones that could be replaced concurrently,
48、 minimizing any negative impact to customers. Multiple lead services within a compact area (cost containment). Length of lead pipe present in a particular service line. Consideration of presence of lead goosenecks and galvanized service lines. II.B. Optimizing Corrosion Control Treatment. Corrosion
49、of piping and solder can be a primary source of lead contamination in drinking water. Optimizing corrosion control treatment may help a utility to minimize this source of lead contamination. Utilities may consider appropriate corrosion control treatments that include pH adjustment, alkalinity adjustment, addition of corrosion inhibitors, and other corrosion control treatments. Additional guidance on applying corrosion control treatments can be found in the AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practice M58Internal Corrosion Control in Water Distribut
