1、ANSI/AWWA G485-18(First Edition)AWWA Management StandardSMDirect Potable Reuse Program Operation and ManagementEffective date: June 1, 2018.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 20, 2018.Approved by American National Standards Institute Feb. 27, 2018.iiAWWA StandardThis document is
2、an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated b
3、y the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards
4、 is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service.
5、 When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.A
6、merican National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standar
7、d does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned
8、to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials, or on tags or labels, that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Stan
9、dards.Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffir
10、m, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10
11、036; (212) 642-4900; or e-mailing infoansi.org.ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-292-4 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-473-9DOI:http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.G485.18All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, i
12、ncluding photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.Copyright 2018 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAiiiCommittee PersonnelThe AWWA Standards Com
13、mittee on Direct Potable Reuse Programs, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:Kanwal Oberoi, ChairGeneral Interest MembersD.K. Ammerman, Carollo Engineers, Orlando, Fla.J.A. Cathcart,*Arcadis, Irvine, Calif.M. Condran,GHD, Tampa, Fla.J. Crook
14、, Consultant, Mattapoisett, Mass.A.D. Deister, HDR, Inc., Sacramento, Calif.D.M. Flancher,AWWA Staff Engineer, Denver, Colo.N.A. Fontaine,*Carollo Engineers, Sacramento, Calif.C. Hill, Arcadis, Tampa, Fla.E. Leung, Standards Council Liaison, California State Water Board, Div. of Drinking Water, Rich
15、mond, Calif.D. MacNevin,Tetra Tech, Tampa, Fla.J. Mattingly,Water Environment and indirect potable reuse (IPR), in which treated wastewater is introduced into an environmental buffer (e.g., a groundwater aquifer or surface water reservoir, lake, or river) before the blended water is introduced into
16、a water supply system.DPR has two distinct forms: (1) advanced treated water is produced in an advanced water treatment facility and is introduced into the raw water supply immediately upstream of a drinking water treatment facility; and (2) an advanced water treatment facility delivers treated wate
17、r directly to a public water systems treated water conveyance * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.viiior distribution system. This standard covers direct potable reuse that is advanced treated water as part of the potable water supply withou
18、t the use of an environmental buffer and with or without retention in an engineered storage buffer.I.B. History. Recognizing that meeting future water needs requires innovative management strategies today, the AWWA Standards Council authorized the development of a management standard on DPR program
19、operation and management in 2014. This is the first edition of this standard. It was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 20, 2018.I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (
20、NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COS
21、HEM). The American Water Works Association and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.*Local agencies may choose to impose requirement
22、s more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references including1. Specific policies of the state or local agency.2. Two standards developed under the direction
23、 of NSF:NSF/ANSI60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects.3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency.Var
24、ious certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdict
25、ion to jurisdiction.* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.Both publications available
26、 from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.ixAnnex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). T
27、he MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.ANSI/AWWA G485 does not address additives requ
28、irements. Users of this standard should consult the appropriate or local agency having jurisdiction in order to1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drin
29、king water.3. Determine current information on product certification.II. Special Issues.II.A. Regulatory Considerations. There are no federal statutes or regulations that specifically identify or address potable reuse. As a result, purveyors must work with their state regulators to obtain approval f
30、or a DPR facility.*The specific regulatory process will vary from state to state. However, DPR facilities must comply with all existing applicable wastewater, recycled/reclaimed/reuse water, and drinking water regulations.II.B. Pathogen and Chemical Control. Treatment performance and monitoring incl
31、ude the wastewater treatment facility, the advanced water treatment facility, and any downstream water treatment facilities. DPR systems must meet all applicable Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements including source control, and provide protection from pathogens, chemical constituents, and co
32、ntaminants of emerging concern that may pose risks to public health.III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products and provisions described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered.III.A.
33、Options and Alternatives. The user should consider the following when developing a DPR water program:* Texas established the following regulations for quality, design, and operational requirements of water reuse projects: 30 TAC Chapter 210; 30 TAC Chapter 321, Subchapter P; Texas Water Code 5.102,
34、5.103, 26.011, 26.0271, and 26.121. California, in compliance with Water Code Section 13563, issued the following report: “Investigation of the Feasibility of Developing Uniform Water Recycling Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse,” December 2016.x1. Standard usedthat is, AWWA G485, Direct Potable Reus
35、e Program Operation and Management, of latest revision.2. Clean Water Act (CWA), SDWA, and details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1.1).3. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects, is required (Sec. 4.1.2).4. Whether co
36、mpliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required (Sec. 4.1.3).IV. Major Revisions. This is the first edition; as such, there are no major revisions.V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engineering and Technic
37、al Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.794.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or e-mail at standardsawwa.org.1Direct Potable Reuse Program Operation and ManagementSECTION 1: GENERALSec. 1.1 ScopeThis standard describes the critical requirements for the
38、effective operation and management of a direct potable reuse (DPR) water program.Sec. 1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this standard is to define the critical requirements for the effective operation and management of a DPR water program.Sec. 1.3 ApplicationThis standard can be referenced in the evaluation
39、 of a DPR program operation and management. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and only to the operation and management of a DPR program.SECTION 2: REFERENCESThis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of th
40、is standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.ANSI/AWWA G485-18(First Edition)AWWA Management Standard2 AWWA G485-18ANSI/AWWA G400, Utility Management System.NSF*/ANSI60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effe
41、cts.NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects.SECTION 3: DEFINITIONSThe following definitions shall apply in this standard:1. Advanced water treatment: A general term used to describe the overall process and procedures involved in treatment of wastewater beyond secondary treatment
42、for direct potable reuse applications.2. Concentrate: Concentrated liquid waste stream produced by a membrane treatment process containing elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids and other constituents.3. Critical control points (CCPs): Critical control points are points in the treatment p
43、rocess that are specifically designed to reduce, prevent, or eliminate a human health hazard and for which monitoring and controls exist to ensure the proper performance of that process function.4. Customer: The end user of advance treated water.5. Direct potable reuse (DPR): Advanced treated water
44、as part of the potable water supply without the use of an environmental buffer and with or without retention in an engineered storage buffer.6. Engineered buffer: A storage facility that is used to provide retention time for responses before advanced treated water is introduced into the drinking wat
45、er system.7. Environmental buffer: A water body, such as a groundwater aquifer or a surface water reservoir, lake, or river, into which advanced treated water is introduced before being withdrawn for treatment for potable reuse.8. Indirect potable reuse (IPR): Augmentation of a drinking water source
46、 (surface or groundwater) with treated wastewater followed by an environmental buffer that becomes a source for drinking water.9. Nonpotable reuse: Reclaimed water that is not used for drinking but is safe to use for irrigation, industrial uses, or other nondrinking water purposes.* NSF Internationa
47、l, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113.American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.DIRECT POTABLE REUSE PROGRAM OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT 310. Potable water: Water that meets state or provincial and federal drinking water regulations and is sat
48、isfactory for human consumption.11. Pretreatment: The reduction or elimination of pollutants in wastewater before discharge to the collection system.12. Pretreatment programs: Programs like those implemented by wastewater systems under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and administered through the National
49、Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) as well as augmented programs necessary to support advanced water treatment.13. Producer: The entity responsible for the production of advanced treated water; a producer may also be a purveyor, may hold the water permit, and may also be the agency of primacy for requirements in permit (order) from permitting agency.14. Public water system (PWS): A public water system provides water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or serves an average of at leas
