1、 Seventh Edition Manual of Water Supply Practices Safety Management for Utilities M3 Printed on recycled paper Manual of Water Supply PracticesM3, Seventh Edition Safety Management for Utilities Copyright 1956, 1963, 1977, 1983, 1990, 2002, 2014 American Water Works Association All rights reserved.
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5、sawwa.org. Possible errata will be posted at www.awwa.org/resources-tools/ resource-development-groups/manuals-program.aspx. Sr. Manager Editorial Production and Development: Gay Porter De Nileon Manuals Specialist: Molly Beach Sr. Production Editor: Sandra Lankenau Library of Congress Cataloging-in
6、-Publication Data Safety management for utilitiesSeventh edition.pages cm - (AWWA manual ; M3) Rev. ed. of: Safety practices for water utilities. 6th ed. c2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-58321-999-7 - ISBN 978-1-61300-271-1 (eISBN) 1. Water utilities-Safety measures-H
7、andbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Water- works-Safety measures-Handbooks, manuals, etc.3. Water utilities-Employees-Health and hygiene-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. American Water Works Association. TD358.S34 2014 363.610684-dc232014009091 .ISBN 978-1-58321-999-7 eISBN 978-1-61300-271-1 Printed in the United
8、 States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 awwa.org hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied,
9、 is illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of iii AWWA Manual M3 Chapter 1 Establishing a Health, Safety, and Environment Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Developing an HSE Policy, 5Management Leadership and Employee Particip
10、ation, 6Program Staffing and Structure, 10Roles and Responsibilities, 11Developing Written Programs, 12Training and Education, 15Record Keeping and Reporting, 16Evaluation, Corrective Action, Metrics, and Continuous Improvement, 17References, 20 Chapter 2 Job Safety Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Advantages of a JSA, 22JSA Development, 23References, 30 Chapter 3 Accident Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Accident Management Programs, 31References and Bibliogr
12、aphy, 41 Chapter 4 Prevention Through Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43What is Prevention Through Design?, 43References and Bibliography, 48 Chapter 5 Contractor Safety Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、51Making Safety Part of the Contract, 53Contractor Prequalification and Selection, 55Pre-Job Contractor Orientation and Planning, 58Contractor Work Rules and Guidance, 59Contractor Programs, Plans, and Training, 59Injury/Illness/Incident Reporting and Investigation, 60Contractor Evaluation, 61Specia
14、l Hazards of Construction, 61Fostering Partnerships, 62References and Bibliography, 62 List of Figures, v List of Tables, vii Preface, ix Acknowledgments, xi Contents iv SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOR UTILITIES AWWA Manual M3 Chapter 6 Common Hazards and Safety Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、. . . . . . . . 65Physical Hazards, 66Biological Hazards, 82Chemical Hazards , 84Personal (or Health) Hazards, 90Conclusion, 97 Appendix Canadian Water Works Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Canadian Links for Health and Safety in the Water Industry, 1
16、00 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 List of Manual
17、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Supplemental electronic material (available at www . awwa . org/M3)Accident Investigation Program ExampleAccident/Incident Analysis Blank FormConservation Coordinator Job D
18、escription and Physical Requirements ExampleEarly Return to Work Program ExampleHazard Action List Blank FormHot Work Permit Blank FormInstructions for Completing a Job Safety Analysis FormJob Safety Analysis Blank Form Job Safety Analysis ExamplePassing Criteria for Maintenance, Valve, Construction
19、 Crew Fitness ExamplePhysical Capacity Requirements Blank FormPhysician Release-to-Work Blank FormPreplacement Physical Capacities Test for Construction Crew Blank FormSafety Data Sheet InformationTemporary Modified Duty Job Description Example and FormWaterworks Operator Field Crew Job Description
20、and Physical Requirements Example v AWWA Manual M3 Figures 1-1 Basic health and safety management program activities, 5 1-2 Example of a large utility safety organization, 11 1-3 Example of a safety procedure header, 15 2-1 List job tasks, 24 2-2 Hierarchy of controls. Apply the highest level of con
21、trol commensurate with the risk level, 27 2-3 Personal protective equipment, 28 3-1 Ratio of indirect to direct costs of on-the-job accidents, 32 3-2 Triangulation method, 35 3-3 Sketching motion through time, 36 3-4 Accident weed and root cause analysis, 37 5-1 Percent recordable cases with no lost
22、 workdays by type of operation (1999), 52 5-2 Percent recordable cases with lost workdays by type of operation (1999), 52 5-3 Percent of lost workdays by type of operation (1999), 52 6-1 Confined space decision tree, 67 6-2 Hard, compact ground (left) can be braced at intervals, while saturated, fil
23、led, or unstable ground (right) needs additional sheeting or shielding to hold back loose soil, 68 6-3 Ground fault interrupter, 70 6-4 Proper lifting technique helps avoid back injuries, 72 6-5 Proper placement of cones, vehicles, pipes, and equipment help keep a field operationsafe for workers, pe
24、destrians, and public traffic, 78 6-6 Properly stacking and restraining pressure vessels reduces potential hazards, 85 This page intentionally blank. vii AWWA Manual M3 Tables 1-1 Effectiveness of HSE programs, 2 1-2 OSHA plan states, 3 1-3 Example activities for observable management involvement in
25、 safety, 7 1-4 Example employee participation plan, 9 1-5 General utility HSE responsibilities, 12 1-6 Tracking of training, 16 1-7 Example table of incident action items, record keeping, and reporting, 18 2-1 Types of hazards to consider when conducting a JSA, 26 5-1 Examples of prequalification an
26、d selection information to be collected from the contractor, 56 5-2 Examples of prequalification and selection criteria to be used by the owner/utility, 58 This page intentionally blank. ix AWWA Manual M3 Protecting the professionals who produce adequate supplies of high-quality drink- ing water is
27、of the utmost importance. Employees are a utilitys most valuable resource, and their ability to work safely and in a safe environment is the main reason for workplace safety programs. Safeguarding the general public from construction sites and operations is another reason for the programs. To that e
28、nd, the American Water Works Associa- tion has created a safety policy. The policy guides the discussion of safety practices pre- sented in this manual. The most current statement can be found on the AWWA website, www.awwa.org/about-us.aspx. Rather than editing the previous version of the manual, th
29、e Health, Safety, and Envi- ronment Committee chose to rewrite this manual and provide new information. This edition of M3 focuses on the development of a comprehensive Health, Safety, and Envi- ronment (HSE) program. It can be used as general guidance for water utility personnel that have been give
30、n the responsibility of developing their utilities health and safety programs. While providing a healthy and safe environment is a common goal among water utilities, regulations can be different depending on the country, state, or province in which your utility operates. Therefore, M3 avoids regulat
31、ory specifications (e.g., measurements, heights) that apply to a particular region and to the extent possible uses numbers that apply to all regions. Along with the manual, readers will be provided with access to supplementary information and tools that can be used to aid in HSE program development.
32、 This includes sample checklists, site inspection forms, programs, and Job Safety Analyses. This supple- mental material is delivered electronically to those who purchase this manual through the AWWA website, or can be obtained directly by going to www.awwa.org/M3. The safety practices and managemen
33、t of safety programs in this manual represent general guidance. This manual cannot cover all situations and regulations. The audience for this manual is primarily utility management and other employees who have been assigned safety responsibilities, for example, a utilitys safety manager or officer.
34、 Supervi- sors, who always have safety responsibilities to those they supervise, will also find this manual beneficial. Because of its references to the US Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion (OSHA), this manual necessarily addresses US federal and state requirements, but Canada-specific
35、 guidance is included in the appendix. Preface This page intentionally blank. Acknowledgments xi AWWA Manual M3 The AWWA Management and Leadership Division and the Health, Safety, and Envi- ronment Committee gratefully acknowledges the contributions made by those volunteers who drafted, edited, and
36、provided the significant and critical commentary essential to updating M3. The Editorial Review Board members dedicated countless hours in the final stages of preparation of this edition to ensure the overall technical quality, consistency, and accuracy of the manual. Editorial Review Board Members
37、Robert Boswell, Boswells Consulting and Testing Services, Round Rock, Texas Eric Fullan, City of Hillsboro, Hillsboro, Ore. Lindsey Geiger, AWWA, Denver, Colo. Michael Jacobs, Subcommittee chair, Tualatin Valley Water District, Beaverton, Ore. Hans Kamping, Peterborough Utilities Group, Peterborough
38、, Ont., Canada Persis Luke, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, Flushing, N.Y. Peter Puglionesi, Applied EHS Management, Havertown, Pa. Contributors to the seventh edition William Anderl, Retired, Crystal, Minn. Joseph Antinozzi, Regional Water Authority, New Haven, Conn. David Baird, Applie
39、d EHS Management Inc., Burleson, Texas Rick Coronado, City of Austin Water and Wastewater, Austin, Texas Jerry Criscito, City of Pompano Beach, Pompano Beach, Fla. Michael Jacobs, Subcommittee Chair, Tualatin Valley Water District, Beaverton, Ore. Carolyn Jones, San Francisco Water, San Francisco, C
40、alif. Dave Jordan, City of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada Reinhard Langos, City of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada David Nadler, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, Flushing, N.Y. Peter Puglionesi, Applied EHS Management, Havertown, Pa. Mike Warn, Metro Vancouver Regional District, Burnaby, B
41、.C., Canada Phil Zollinger, St. Paul Regional Water Services, Saint Paul, Minn. This page intentionally blank. 1 AWWA MANUAL M3 Chapter 1 1 Establishing a health, Safety, and Environment Program David C. Baird III, Peter S. Puglionesi Protecting the safety and health of employees is a key concern in
42、 any organization. The question of how best to accomplish the goal of sending everyone home safely at the end of each shift should always be at the forefront of any organizations planning efforts. Staff knowledge and management support alone have proved effective in some small organiza- tions but in
43、effective in others. A formal Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) program is a more reliable and effective means of consistently protecting workers from occupational injuries and illnesses. Formal written programs can address specific hazards and preven- tion measures (e.g., fall prevention) as we
44、ll as specific regulatory mandates that require a written program (e.g., hazard communication, respiratory protection). Furthermore, there is widespread agreement that written management systems improve organizational per- formance, including performance in occupational health and safety. This manua
45、l serves to establish the key components that should be included in a for- mal HSE program. Chapter 2 describes Job Safety Analysis (JSA) as a means to proactively examine and mitigate existing hazards on the worksite. Chapter 2 also introduces the hierarchy of controls, a methodology that is carrie
46、d throughout the manual. A thorough 2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOR UTILITIES AWWA Manual M3 HSE program will also outline the procedures necessary should an incident occur; acci- dent management is discussed in chapter 3. Recognizing that many hazards can be engi- neered out of a system, chapter 4 addresse
47、s key aspects of prevention though design. A meaningful program should also be effectively communicated with contractors. Chapter 5 describes contractor safety management and some of the special hazards that accompany the construction phase. Last, chapter 6 provides an index of common hazards. Many
48、of these hazards should be considered in the development of any HSE program, and some can be evaluated depending on the type of system or its geographic location. In addition to planning for the hazards presented in chapter 6, extreme storm events should be consid- ered in the development of an HSE
49、program. More information on safety during emergen - cies can be found in AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practices M19, Emergency Planning for Water Utilities. The rest of this introductory chapter presents research that demonstrates the need for formal HSE programs. This chapter then describes how to establish an effective pro- gram by delineating management steps and development activities that should be applied to each of the components offered throughout this manual. Research conducted by the Lincoln Nebraska Safety Council in 1981 (Reese an
