AWWA M66-2015 Cylinder and Vane Actuators and Controls - Design and Installation.pdf
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1、Cylinder and Vane Actuators and Controls Design and Installation M66 Printed on recycled paper Printed in the United States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 awwa.org Manual of Water Supply PracticesM66 Cylinder and Vane Actuators and Controls
2、Design and Installation Copyright 2015 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form
3、of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the document or any consequences of its use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct,
4、 indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the am
5、ount paid for the purchase of this book. Sr. Manager, Editorial Development and Production: Gay Porter DeNileon Sr. Production Editor: Sandra Lankenau If you find errors in this manual, please email booksawwa.org. Possible errata will be posted at www.awwa.org/resources-tools/resource.development.gr
6、oups/manuals-program.aspx. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cylinder and vane actuators and controls: design and installation. First edition.pages cm (AWWA manual; M66)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-62576-116-3 (alk. paper)1. Slide-valves. 2. Hydraulic ser
7、vomechanisms. 3. Pneumatic control valves. 4. Blades. 5. Waterworks. I. DeNileon, Gay Porter, editor. II. American Water Works Association. TD491.C95 2015628.10284-dc232015035968 ISBN-13 978-1-62576-116-3 eISBN-13 978-1-61300-347-3 iii AWWA Manual M66 Contents Figures, v Tables, vii Preface, ix Ackn
8、owledgments, xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 History, 1 Purpose, 2 General Application, 3 Supply Medium, 3 References, 5 Chapter 2 Principles of Operation .7 General Descriptions, 7 Thrust Calculations, 9 Torque Characteristics, 11 Position Characteristics, 13 Sizing Considerations, 13 Actuator Torque C
9、haracteristics, 14 References, 16 Chapter 3 Types of Construction .17 Linear Cylinder, 17 Quarter-Turn Scotch-Yoke, 19 Quarter-Turn Rack-And-Pinion, 20 Quarter-Turn Pivoting Cylinder, 21 Quarter-Turn Link-Lever, 21 Quarter-Turn Vane, 22 References, 23 Chapter 4 Controls 25 Valve Control Concepts, 25
10、 Control System Components, 26 Solenoid Valves, 26 Flow-Control Valves, 28 Control Circuits, 29 Positioners, 31 Position Feedback Devices, 33 Fluid Power Supply Systems, 33 Air Compressor Systems, 33 Hydraulic Oil Supply Systems, 34 Electro-Hydraulic Actuators, 35 Water Supply Systems, 36 References
11、, 37 iv AWWA Manual M66 Chapter 5 Special Equipment .39 Handwheel Override, 39 Lockout Mechanism, 39 Spring Return, 40 Accumulators, 42 Chapter 6 Installation and Adjustment 45 Storage, Handling, and Mounting, 45 Setting of the Travel Stops, 47 References, 48 Chapter 7 Maintenance and Safety 49 Regu
12、lar Maintenance, 49 Troubleshooting, 50 Safety Concerns, 51 Glossary, 53 Index, 57 AWWA Manuals, 61 v AWWA Manual M66 Figures 1-1 Quarter-turn vane-type actuator provides remote control of a ball valve, 2 2-1 Cylinder actuator provides linear thrust, 8 2-2 Various quarter-turn mechanisms, left to ri
13、ght: lever; link-and-lever; rack-and-pinion; scotch-yoke, 9 2-3 Rack-and-pinion mechanism, 10 2-4 Vane mechanism, 10 2-5 Typical slide gate for waterworks applications, 10 2-6 Typical globe valve geometry, 11 2-7 Both forces A and B produce a torque of 20 ft-lb, 11 2-8 Torques for a butterfly valve,
14、 12 2-9 Torque characteristics of various cylinder and vane actuators, 14 3-1 Hydraulic cylinder, 18 3-2 Slide gate with cylinder actuator, 18 3-3 Scotch-yoke lever actuator, 19 3-4 Slotted lever mechanisms, 20 3-5 Rack-and-pinion actuator, 20 3-6 Rack-and-pinion actuator with double-acting external
15、 cylinder, 21 3-7 Pivoting cylinder actuator, 22 3-8 Link-lever actuator, 22 3-9 Vane actuator, 23 4-1 Basic hydraulic symbols, 27 4-2 Four-way solenoid valve and schematic, 28 4-3 Flow-control valve, 29 4-4 Basic control circuit for double-acting cylinder, 30 4-5 Basic control circuit for double-ac
16、ting cylinder with timed stroke, 30 4-6 Control circuit for a pneumatic spring return actuator, 31 4-7 Valve positioner, vane actuator, and handwheel override worm gear unit mounted on a butterfly valve, 32 4-8 Pneumatic valve positioner, 32 4-9 Electro-pneumatic valve positioner, 33 4-10 Smart valv
17、e positioner, 33 4-11 Valve feedback unit with position beacon, 34 4-12 Air compressor system, 34 4-13 Air distribution system, 35 4-14 Low- and high-pressure oil hydraulic system, 35 vi AWWA Manual M66 4-15 Electro-hydraulic quarter-turn actuator, 36 4-16 Water supply system, 37 5-1 Worm-gear manua
18、l override with declutch mechanism, 40 5-2 Jackscrew manual override for cylinder, 40 5-3 Hand pump manual override for cylinder, 41 5-5 Cylinder actuator with spring return, 41 5-4 Example of lockout mechanism on cylinder actuator, 41 5-6 Vane actuator with spring return, 42 5-7 Water accumulator t
19、ank, 43 5-8 Hydraulic oil accumulators, 43 6-1 Actuator data form in part from AWWA C541, Appendix A, 46 6-2 Open and closed adjusting screws on a ball valve hydraulic actuator, 47 7-1 Cylinder head with tie rod nuts, 50 7-2 Cylinder actuator limit screws, 51 vii AWWA Manual M66 Tables 1-1 Summary o
20、f media properties, 4 2-1 Actuator application factors, 13 2-2 Typical sizing chart for spring return cylinder actuators, 15 This page intentionally blank. ix AWWA Manual M66 This new AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practices presents the general principles of hydraulic and pneumatic power actuators for
21、 use with waterworks valves. The principles used for selecting, sizing, and installing actuators are detailed. This is a discussion of rec- ommended practice, providing guidance on generally available actuators and their appli- cation, not an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. Questio
22、ns about specific situations or applicability of the guidance provided here to specific valves and actuators should be directed to the manufacturer or supplier. Operators, technicians, and engineers will find the information contained in this manual useful for understanding the use and application o
23、f hydraulic and pneumatic power actuators. There are many special actuators that are beyond the scope of this man- ual and require special consultations with those suppliers. The valve thrust and torque information is generic, and actual data from the valve manufacturer should be obtained before mak
24、ing the final selection of actuator size and options. This manual provides infor- mation on the hydraulic and pneumatic actuators listed in AWWA Standard C541 Hydrau- lic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, latest edition, including the following: Linear cylind
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