1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1016-100: 1994 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part 100: General introduction and methods for reporting results UDC 662.66 + 66.2.749.2:543BS1016-100:1994 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy
2、Committee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 January 1994 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFC/3 Draft for comment 93/500617 DC ISBN 0 580 22625 5 Committees responsible for this British
3、 Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel Industry El
4、ectricity Industry in United Kingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1016-100:1994 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Defin
5、itions and symbols 1 4 Structure of BS 1016 3 5 Basis of reporting results 3 6 Interpretation of results 8 Annex A (informative) Derivations of the factors used for the calculation of hydrogen content to the dry, mineral-matter-free basis 12 Table 1 Structure of BS1016 2 Table 2 Formulae for calcula
6、tion of results to different bases 5 List of references Inside back coverBS1016-100:1994 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 1016 has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. It provides an introduction to the new series of Parts of BS1016 (from Pa
7、rt 101 onwards) and it is also a revision of BS1016-16:1981, which is withdrawn. The section on reporting of results is technically equivalent to BS1016-16:1981. Under a scheme for rationalizing and restructuring BS1016, the Parts numbered from1 to21 are gradually being withdrawn and replaced by Par
8、ts in the new series, as given in Table 1 (see clause4). Those Parts in the earlier series which are still current are as follows, with the new Part numbers (which will be given to revisions when they are published) in parentheses. Part 1: Total moisture of coal (Part 101); Part 2: Total moisture of
9、 coke (Part 102); Part 6: Ultimate analysis of coal (Part 106); Part 7: Ultimate analysis of coke (Part 106); Part 8: Chlorine in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 9: Phosphorus in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 10: Arsenic in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 11: Forms of sulphur in coal (Part 106); Part
10、 14: Analysis of coal ash and coke ash (Part 114); Part 15: Fusibility of coal ash and coke ash (Part 113); Part 17: Size analysis of coal (Part 109); Part 18: Size analysis of coke (Part 110); Part 20: Determination of Hardgrove grindability index of hard coal(Part112); Part 21: Determination of mo
11、isture-holding capacity of hard coal (Part 103). This Part of BS1016 is related to ISO1170:1977, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsibl
12、e for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been upda
13、ted (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1016-100:1994 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS 1016 gives a general introduction to BS1016. It also provides formulae for the conversion of analytical dat
14、a for coal and coke to the various different bases in common use, procedures for the interpretation of analytical results and other background information. A list of the symbols used in this Part of BS1016 is given in clause3. NOTEThe symbol used for a particular quantity in this Part of BS1016 is n
15、ot necessarily the same as that used for the same quantity in another Part. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS 1016 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and t
16、he publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Part of BS1016 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This Part of BS 1016 refers to other publications that provide infor
17、mation or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS1016, the definitions given in BS 33
18、23:1992 apply. 3.2 Symbols The following symbols are used to denote the specified quantities. Symbol Quantity A ash, expressed as a percentage by mass A sh shale ash, expressed as a percentage by mass C total carbon content, expressed as a percentage by mass C o organic carbon content, expressed as
19、a percentage by mass Cl chlorine content, expressed as a percentage by mass Cl o organic chlorine content, expressed as a percentage by mass CO 2 carbon dioxide (from carbonates) content, expressed as a percentage by mass Symbol Quantity Fe iron content, expressed as a percentage by mass H total hyd
20、rogen (excluding hydrogen from moisture) content, expressed as a percentage by mass H 2 relative molecular mass of hydrogen H 2 O relative molecular mass of water M moisture content, expressed as a percentage by mass MM mineral matter content, expressed as a percentage by mass n number of test resul
21、ts N nitrogen content, expressed as a percentage by mass O total oxygen (excluding oxygen from moisture) content, expressed as a percentage by mass O min oxygen content of mineral matter O o organic oxygen content, expressed as a percentage by mass Q gr,p gross calorific value at constant pressure Q
22、 gr,v gross calorific value at constant volume Q net,p net calorific value at constant pressure Q net,v net calorific value at constant volume r repeatability limit s repeatability standard deviation s reproducibility standard deviation S total sulfur content, expressed as a percentage by mass S a s
23、ulfur content of ash, expressed as a percentage by mass S o organic sulfur content, expressed as a percentage by mass S p pyritic sulfur content, expressed as a percentage by mass S s sulfate sulfur content, expressed as a percentage by mass SO 3 sulfur trioxide content of ash, expressed as a percen
24、tage by mass t value of Students t at95% confidence level V volatile matter content, expressed as a percentage by mass W total moisture (including water of constitution combined with the mineral matter) content, expressed as a percentage by mass Y correction factor for the heat liberated by pyrites
25、burning to iron (III) oxide during the determination of calorific valueBS1016-100:1994 2 BSI 07-1999 Table 1 Structure of BS 1016 Part/ Section/ Subsection Title Replaces Part Related ISO standards 100 General introduction and methods for reporting results 16 1170 101 a Determination of total moistu
26、re content of coal 1 589 102 a Determination of total moisture content of coke 2 579 103 a Determination of moisture-holding capacity of hard coal 21 1018 104 Proximate analysis of coal and coke 3,4 104.1 Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coal 331 104.2 Determinatio
27、n of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coke 687 104.3 Determination of volatile matter content 562 104.4 Determination of ash 1171 105 Determination of gross calorific value 5 1928 106 Ultimate analysis of coal and coke 106.1 Determination of carbon and hydrogen content 6,7 106.1.1
28、a 106.1.2 a High temperature combustion method Liebig method 609 625 106.2 a Determination of nitrogen content 6,7 333 106.3 a Determination of oxygen content 1994 106.4 Determination of total sulfur content 6,7 106.4.1 106.4.2 a Eschka method High temperature combustion method 334 351 106.5 a Deter
29、mination of forms of sulfur 11 157 106.6 Determination of chlorine content 8 106.6.1 a 106.6.2 a Eschka method High temperature combustion method 587 352 106.7 a Determination of carbon dioxide content of coal 6 925 106.8 a Determination of phosphorus content 9 622 106.9 a Determination of arsenic c
30、ontent 10 601 107 Caking and swelling properties of coal 12 107.1 Determination of crucible swelling number 501 107.2 Assessment of caking power by Gray-King coke test 502 107.3 Determination of swelling properties using a dilatometer 8264 108 Tests special to coke 13 108.1 Determination of shatter
31、indices 616 108.2 Determination of Micum and Irsid indices 556 108.3 Determination of bulk density (small container) 567 108.4 Determination of bulk density (large container) 1013 108.5 Determination of density and porosity 1014 108.6 Determination of critical air blast value 109 a Size analysis of
32、coal 17 1953 110 a Size analysis of coke 18 728, 2325 111 Determination of abrasion index of coal 19 112 a Determination of Hardgrove grindability index of hard coal 20 5074 113 a Determination of fusibility of coal ash and coke ash 15 540 114 a Analysis of coal ash and coke ash 14 a In preparation.
33、BS1016-100:1994 BSI 07-1999 3 The following subscripts, or partial subscripts, are used to denote the basis to which results are reported, as indicated. 4 Structure of BS 1016 The structure of BS1016 is given in Table 1, which shows the new Parts and the corresponding Parts in the old series which h
34、ave been, or will be, replaced by them. 5 Basis of reporting results 5.1 General The analyses described in BS1016-6 to BS1016-11 (BS 1016-106 in the new series), BS 1016-21 (BS1016-103 in the new series), BS 1016-104, BS1016-105 and BS 1016-106.4.1 are carried out on samples of coal or coke that hav
35、e been ground to pass a2124m test sieve conforming to BS410:1986 and air-dried to approximate equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. For certain purposes it is necessary to report results on some other basis e.g. as follows: as received dry dry, ash-free dry, mineral-matter-free The methods of
36、converting results to these other bases are described in5.2 to 5.5. The analysis of the pure coal substance, which is of particular importance for the classification of coals, is that expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis and so the estimation of mineral matter is discussed in5.5. The calo
37、rific value of a fuel determined in the laboratory is the gross calorific value at constant volume (see Part105). Methods for calculating the gross calorific value at constant pressure, as well as the net calorific values at constant volume and at constant pressure are described in5.6. The reporting
38、 of results for the methods described in BS1016-14, BS1016-15, BS1016-17, BS1016-18 and BS1016-20 (BS 1016-114, BS 1016-113, BS1016-109, BS 1016-110 and BS 1016-112 respectively in the new series) and BS1016-107, BS1016-108 and BS1016-111 is covered comprehensively in the respective Parts. 5.2 Calcu
39、lation to other bases Almost all analytical values can be converted from any given basis to another basis by multiplying them by the appropriate formula shown in Table 2 after insertion of the numerical values for the symbols. The formulae in Table 2 are exact and simple to use, but for some convers
40、ions to the dry, ash-free and the dry, mineral-matter-free bases, the corrections indicated in5.4 and5.5 may be necessary. NOTECarbon dioxide from carbonates, total sulfur content, pyritic sulfur content, sulfate sulfur content, phosphorus content and arsenic content are not reported on the dry, ash
41、-free or the dry, mineral-matter-free bases as the terms are not applicable to these determinations. 5.3 Dry basis When coal analyses are converted to this basis, the effect of a factor that is partly dependent on the laboratory atmosphere is removed. For coke analyses, the analysis sample is usuall
42、y prepared from the dried sample of coke passing a13.2mm test sieve after the determination of total moisture content in accordance with BS1016-2. Finely ground coke is extremely hygroscopic and can absorb up to2% (m/m) of moisture. Therefore, if a significant period of time elapses between preparat
43、ion of the sample and its analysis, its moisture content should be determined and the results of the analysis corrected to the dry basis using the appropriate formula. However, if the analysis is carried out within a short time of the sample being prepared, only a small amount of moisture will be pi
44、cked up, and the moisture content on the air-dried basis (M ad ) will be small and the conversion factor will be close to unity. 5.4 Dry, ash-free basis The dry, ash-free basis is a hypothetical condition in which the coal or coke is assumed to be free of both moisture and ash. Subscript meaning ad
45、air-dried basis as as sampled basis d dry basis daf dry, ash-free basis dmmf dry, mineral-matter-free basisBS1016-100:1994 4 BSI 07-1999 Carbon content, hydrogen content and calorific value can be converted to the dry, ash-free basis by the formula given in Table 2. The formula may also be used for
46、the volatile matter content of most coals. For anthracites and coals of low volatile matter content that also have a high carbonate content greater than2% (m/m), it is necessary to make allowance for the carbon dioxide evolved during the determination of the volatile matter content and the following
47、 equation is used. When reporting organic carbon content on this basis, it is necessary that the carbon present as carbonate is deducted from the total carbon content and the calculation for this is given by the following equation. 5.5 Dry, mineral-matter-free basis 5.5.1 General The dry, mineral-ma
48、tter-free basis is a hypothetical condition, corresponding to the concept of pure coal or coke substance. Since the dry, ash-free basis for coal ignores the changes in mineral matter when coal is burnt, the dry, mineral-matter-free basis is preferred whenever the mineral matter content can be calcul
49、ated (see5.5.2), even if some analytical values have to be assumed in the absence of results determined on the sample. In the case of coal in the dry, mineral-matter-free state, it is considered to be free of both moisture and the various minerals associated with the coal when sampled. Coke on the same basis is considered to be free of both moisture and substances formed during the coking process from the minerals present in the coal charge. The formulae
