1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1016-108.5: 1992 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part108: Tests special to coke Section108.5 Determination of density and porosityBS1016-108.5:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committ
2、ee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comesintoeffect on 15 July1992 BSI11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFC/3 Draft for comment91/56593DC ISBN 0 580 20901 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The pr
3、eparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel Industry Electricity Indust
4、ry in UnitedKingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of Petroleum Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1016-108.5:1992 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1
5、 3 Definitions 1 4 Determination of true relative density 1 5 Determination of apparent relative density 2 6 Calculation of porosity 3 7 Test report 3 List of references Inside back coverBS1016-108.5:1992 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This Section of BS1016 has been prepared under the direction of the Sol
6、id Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. Part108 is a revision of the1980 edition of BS1016-13, which is withdrawn. This Section replaces clauses6, 7 and8 of BS1016-13:1980, from which the principal changes are as follows. a) A test portion of about5g (instead of about2g) is now specified for th
7、e determination of true relative density. b) A time of 1 min (instead of10s) is now specified for draining the empty cage, as well as being specified for draining the full cage, during the determination of apparent relative density. Part108 is a further Part numbered under a scheme for rationalizing
8、 and restructuring BS1016. The new series, when complete, will begin with Part100, which will include a general introduction. The earlier series of Parts is as follows, with the new Part numbers (which will be given to revisions when they are published) in parentheses. Part 1: Total moisture of coal
9、 (Part101); Part2: Total moisture of coke (Part102); Part6: Ultimate analysis of coal (Part106); Part7: Ultimate analysis of coke (Part106); Part8: Chlorine in coal and coke (Part106); Part9: Phosphorus in coal and coke (Part106); Part10: Arsenic in coal and coke (Part106); Part11: Forms of sulphur
10、in coal (Part106); Part14: Analysis of coal ash and coke ash (Part114); Part15: Fusibility of coal ash and coke ash (Part113); Part16: Methods for reporting results (Part100); Part17: Size analysis of coal (Part109); Part18: Size analysis of coke (Part110); Part20: Determination of Hardgrove grindab
11、ility index of hard coal (Part112); Part21: Determination of moisture-holding capacity of hard coal (Part103). The following Parts in the new series have been published. Part104: Proximate analysis; Part105: Determination of calorific value; Part107: Caking and swelling properties of coal; Part108:
12、Tests special to coke; Part111: Determination of abrasion index of coal. Part108 is divided into six Sections as follows. Section108.1: Determination of shatter indices; Section108.2: Determination of Micum and Irsid indices; Section108.3: Determination of bulk density (small container); Section108.
13、4: Determination of bulk density (large container); Section108.5: Determination of density and porosity; Section108.6: Determination of critical air blast value.BS1016-108.5:1992 BSI 11-1999 iii This Section is related to ISO1014:1985, published by the International Organization for Standardization
14、(ISO). The principal differences are as follows. a) ISO1014 specifies the use of both a weighing machine and platform scales for the determination of apparent relative density, whereas this Section of BS1016 specifies the use of the same machine for all weighing operations during that determination.
15、 b) ISO1014 specifies draining times of10s for the determination of apparent relative density, whereas this Section of BS1016 specifies1min. WARNING. This British Standard does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to comply with the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc.
16、Act19741 or the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations,19882. Attention should be paid to any appropriate precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Britis
17、h Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, pages1to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This
18、standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS1016-108.5:1992 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS1016 describes methods for the determination of the true relative density
19、 of coke and the apparent relative density of coke and for the calculation of porosity. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Section of BS1016 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in
20、the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Section of BS1016 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This Section of BS1016 refers to other publications
21、 that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS1016 the following definitions apply. 3.1
22、true relative density the ratio of the mass of a sample of dry coke ground to pass a2124m test sieve to the mass of an equal volume of water at a specified temperature 3.2 apparent relative density the ratio of the mass of dry coke to the mass of a volume of water equal to the apparent volume of the
23、 coke at a specified temperature 3.3 porosity the ratio of the volume of the voids within a piece of coke to its apparent volume 4 Determination of true relative density 4.1 Principle The mass of de-aerated water displaced by a known mass of dry coke is determined in a pyknometer at a controlled tem
24、perature. 4.2 Reagent 4.2.1 Water, conforming to grade3 of BS3978:1987, de-aerated by boiling. 4.3 Apparatus 4.3.1 Oven, capable of being maintained at a temperature within the range105 C to110 C. 4.3.2 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest0.1mg. 4.3.3 Pyknometer, of capacity50ml, conforming t
25、o BS733-1:1983. 4.3.4 Water bath, with stirrer and thermostatic control capable of maintaining a temperature oft C to within 0.1 C. NOTEThe value of t should be about5 C above the ambient temperature. 4.3.5 Wash bottle, containing about100ml of the water(4.2.1). 4.3.6 Reflux air condenser, comprisin
26、g a glass tube about1m long, of the same external diameter as the neck of the pyknometer(4.3.3), fitted with a short length of rubber tubing for attaching it to the pyknometer. 4.3.7 Glycerol bath, consisting of a suitable vessel in which sufficient glycerol can be heated for the lower two-thirds of
27、 the pyknometer(4.3.3) to be immersed. 4.4 Preparation of test sample The coke used for the determination is the general analysis sample(see BS1017-2:1960), ground to pass a2124m test sieve conforming to BS410:1986. Immediately before weighing out the test portion(see4.5.1), mix the test sample for
28、not less than1min, preferably by mechanical means. 4.5 Procedure 4.5.1 Test portion Heat a portion of the test sample(4.4) in a suitable dish in the oven(4.3.1) for about1h at a temperature within the range105 C to110 C. Allow to cool and then weigh the dish to the nearest0.1mg using the balance(4.3
29、.2). Reheat the dish in the oven at the same temperature for not less than10 min, cool and reweigh to the nearest0.1mg. Repeat the operations of heating for not less than10min, cooling and weighing until the difference between successive weighings does not exceed1mg. NOTESome reactive cokes are hygr
30、oscopic and with such cokes the drying operations described above may be omitted. In this case, the moisture content of the general analysis sample should be determined by the method described in BS1016-104.2:1991, at the same time as its density is determined, and the mass of the test portion for t
31、he latter determination should be corrected accordingly. Weigh, to the nearest0.1mg, about5g of the dry coke using the balance(4.3.2).BS1016-108.5:1992 2 BSI 11-1999 4.5.2 Determination Clean the pyknometer(4.3.3) using a degreasing agent. Rinse it thoroughly with the water(4.2.1) and then fill it a
32、lso with the water. Insert the stopper and immerse the pyknometer up to the neck in the water bath(4.3.4), maintained at a temperature oft 0.1 C. NOTEThe value of t should be about5 C above the ambient temperature. After1h, remove any water from the top of the stopper with a piece of filter paper. R
33、emove the pyknometer from the water bath, cool it rapidly under running cold water, dry, and allow it to stand beside the balance(4.3.2) for30min. Weigh the pyknometer to the nearest0.1mg using the balance. Then empty the pyknometer and dry the neck. Transfer the test portion(4.5.1) quantitatively t
34、o the pyknometer. Wash down any coke adhering to the neck or upper part of the pyknometer using water from the wash bottle(4.3.5) and make up the volume to about25ml with the water. Attach the air condenser(4.3.6) to the neck of the pyknometer with the rubber tubing and immerse the pyknometer in the
35、 glycerol bath(4.3.7). Heat the bath so that the water in the pyknometer begins to boil vigorously to eliminate air. Wash down any scum of coke with a few millilitres of water from the wash bottle. After boiling for30min, remove the pyknometer from the glycerol bath, detach the air condenser and all
36、ow the pyknometer to cool. Fill the pyknometer with water from the wash bottle att C, insert the stopper and immerse the pyknometer up to the neck in the water bath maintained at a temperature oft 0.1 C, compensating for any contraction of the liquid in the pyknometer by the addition of water from t
37、he wash bottle and ensuring that air bubbles are not trapped either below the stopper or in the capillary. After1h, remove any water from the top of the stopper, remove the pyknometer from the water bath, cool, dry, allow to stand beside the balance for30min, then weigh to the nearest0.1mg using the
38、 balance. 4.5.3 Number of determinations Carry out two determinations, as described in4.5.2, using separate test portions(4.5.1). 4.6 Expression of results The true relative density of the dry coke, d, is given by the equation: Calculate the result as the mean of the two determinations. Report the r
39、esult to the nearest0.01. 4.7 Precision 4.7.1 Repeatability The results of duplicate determinations, carried out at different times in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on two representative portions taken from the same test sample, should not differ by more than0.02.
40、 4.7.2 Reproducibility The means of the results of duplicate determinations, carried out in each of two different laboratories on representative portions taken from the same sample after the final stage of sample preparation, should not differ by more than0.03. 5 Determination of apparent relative d
41、ensity 5.1 Principle The mass of water displaced by a test portion of coke is determined by weighing the coke in air and in water. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Cage, of capacity0.03m 3 , made of corrosion-resistant wire mesh of about12mm aperture size, fitted with a lid of the same material and a fastening d
42、evice. 5.2.2 Tank, of capacity approximately0.3m 3 , deep enough to immerse the cage completely and fitted with a tap for emptying. NOTEThe tank should contain sufficient water (about250l) to ensure that the increase in temperature of the water after the immersion of the hot coke does not exceed20K.
43、 5.2.3 Weighing machine, with a capacity of not less than25kg, capable of weighing to the nearest1g. NOTEThe weighing machine may be fitted with a tare bar or a suspension hook; alternatively, a suitable dial or digital machine may be used. The machine shall be supported firmly above the tank. A wir
44、e stirrup shall be provided for fixing to the weighing machine and shall terminate in two hooks for attachment to the sides of the cage. 5.2.4 Tray,25mm deep and slightly larger in area than the base of the cage, made of suitable corrosion-resistant material. 5.2.5 Oven, large enough to contain the
45、cage and capable of being maintained at a temperature within the range105 C to110 C. where m 1 is the mass of the test portion (in g); m 2 is the mass of the pyknometer filled with water att C (in g); d m 1 m 1 m 2 m 3 + - = m 3 is the mass of the pyknometer, plus test portion, filled with water att
46、 C (in g).BS1016-108.5:1992 BSI 11-1999 3 5.3 Preparation of test sample Take a sample for physical testing in accordance with BS1017-2:1960. 5.4 Procedure NOTE 1It is recommended that duplicate determinations are carried out. Weigh the dry empty cage(5.2.1) to the nearest1g using the weighing machi
47、ne(5.2.3). Fix the stirrup to the weighing machine and balance it. Suspend the cage from the stirrup, immerse it completely in the water in the tank(5.2.2) and weigh to the nearest1g. Remove the cage from the tank, allow it to drain for1min, place it on the tray(5.2.4) and reweigh. Fill the cage wit
48、h coke and dry in the oven(5.2.5) for about8h at a temperature within the range105 C to110 C. Weigh the hot coke and cage to the nearest1g using the weighing machine. Return the cage to the oven, continue drying at the same temperature for15 min and then reweigh. Repeat the operations of drying for1
49、5 min and weighing until the difference between successive weighings does not exceed10g. Suspend the full cage from the stirrup and immerse completely in the water in the tank whilst still hot. NOTE 2Hot immersion facilitates the removal of air bubbles. Agitate the cage after1min to remove air bubbles. After a further2 min, record the mass of the cage immersed in water to the nearest1g, using the weighing machine, remove the cage from the tank and allow it
