1、BS 1217:2008Cast stone SpecificationICS 91.100.15NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 60693 9Th
2、e following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/524Draft for comment 07/30172627 DCPublication historyFirst published April 1945Second edition, April 1975Third edition, September 1986Fourth edition, March 1997Fifth (present) edition, August 2008Amendments issued
3、since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 1217:2008 BSI 2008 iBS 1217:2008ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Two-part mix units 15 Reinforcement 26 Compressive strength 27 Surface finish 28 Tolerances 39 Weathering 310 Marking 4AnnexesAnnex A (normati
4、ve) CAT weathering 5Annex B (informative) General notes for guidance 6Annex C (informative) Guidance on slenderness ratios (SR) 7Bibliography 9List of figuresFigure C.1 Typical sections of cast stone product illustrating the inscribed or superscribed circle for estimating the slenderness ratio 8List
5、 of tablesTable 1 Tolerances 3Table B.1 Selection guidance to specifier with reference to the manufacturing method of cast stone units 6Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover.BS 1217:2008ii BSI 2008ForewordPublishin
6、g informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 29 August 2008. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard
7、supersedes BS 1217:1997, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis new edition of BS 1217 takes cognizance of the publications of BS EN 771-5 and BS EN 845-2 and represents the requirements of a long-established industry manufacturing products both for buildings and for use in other app
8、lications. It does not represent a full review or revision of the Standard which will be undertaken in due course.Apart from a general tidying of the text, omission of any requirements regarding concreting material, the Standard concentrates on product requirements. The reinforcement section has bee
9、n extended to permit non-metallic material provided such reinforcement has the requisite reinforcing properties. Annex C remains informative on slenderness ratios and minor improvements have been made to the figures to make them clearer. Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are
10、presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Requirements in this standard
11、 are drafted in accordance with The BSI guide to standardization Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall .”. Thi
12、s means that only those products that are capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Co
13、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2008 1BS 1217:20081 ScopeThis British Standard specifies performance requirements for cast stone products other than for those products conforming to BS 5642-1, Sills, BS 5642-2, Copings, BS EN 771-5, Manufactured st
14、one masonry units and BS EN 845-2, Lintels, which contain product specific requirements.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
15、 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 1881-208, Testing concrete Part 208: Recommendations for the determination of the initial surface absorption of concreteBS EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength testsBS EN 12390-3, Testing
16、 hardened concrete Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 cast stoneany material manufactured with aggregate and cementitious binder, intended to resemble in appearance, and which m
17、ay be used in a similar way to, natural stoneNOTE Cast stone units are either homogeneous throughout or consist of facing and backing materials.3.2 visual faceany face or part of a cast stone unit visible after completion of works3.3 exposed faceany face which is not bedded or otherwise protected in
18、 the works (e.g. with mortar or bitumen)NOTE Unbedded parts of a sill face or faces exposed to a cavity are examples of exposed faces. Visual faces are exposed faces but not necessarily vice versa.3.4 interfaceirregular face between the facing and backing mixes in two-part mixesNOTE See Clause 4.4 T
19、wo-part mix unitsWhen cast stone units are made from separate facing and backing mixes:a) visual faces shall have a minimum facing mix thickness of 20 mm at any point;b) a bond between the facing and backing mixes shall be made either by a mechanical key or by inter-diffusion.BS 1217:20082 BSI 20085
20、 ReinforcementUntreated steel shall have actual minimum covers of 40 mm from any visual face and 30 mm from any other exposed face. Such reinforcement shall neither be placed closer than 10 mm to the interface of stone, nor across the interface unless the cementitious binder used in both mixes is id
21、entical.Galvanized steel shall have actual minimum covers of 30 mm from any visual face and 20 mm from any other exposed face. Such reinforcement shall neither be placed closer than 10 mm to the interface of cast stone units, nor across the interface unless the cementitious binder used in both mixes
22、 is identical.Non-corroding metals (e.g. austenitic stainless steel, bronze alloys, copper) or other materials shall have a minimum actual cover of 10 mm or two bar diameters (of the nearest bars to the surface), whichever is the greater, from any exposed face.Cut galvanized or epoxy-coated reinforc
23、ement shall have the cut faces protected by suitable means (e.g. zinc paint and epoxy paint respectively).6 Compressive strengthThree cube test specimens either 100 mm or 150 mm in size shall be made from the facing or homogeneous mix, and where appropriate three further cube specimens 100 mm or 150
24、 mm in size shall be made from the backing mix.The method of compaction shall be as similar as possible to represent the relevant production and the cubes shall be cured in accordance with BS EN 12390-2 and crushed up to 28 days old in accordance with BS EN 12390-3. The average strength of any set o
25、f three cubes shall not be less than 25.0 MPa. In addition, the strength of any single cube shall not be less than 20 MPa.7 Surface finishThe colour and texture of the visual face shall be the subject of contractual agreement based upon samples and/or mock ups representative of the planned productio
26、n. BSI 2008 3BS 1217:20088Tolerances8.1 Linear dimensionsThe actual dimensions of individual regular units shall conform to the declared work dimensions subject to the tolerances given below in Table 1.NOTE Tighter tolerances than these can be achieved subject to agreement between purchaser and manu
27、facturer.8.2 Flatness of plane surfaceWhen the visual surfaces are declared by the manufacturer/supplier to be plane, they shall not deviate from a plane by more than 0.3% of the diagonal length or 2 mm, whichever is the greater, across the two diagonals as measured with appropriate equipment.9 Weat
28、heringNOTE 1 Whichever test method is selected the three products need to be of convenient sizes to suit the test requirements but cutting is not permitted.NOTE 2 The establishment of CAT or ISAT conformity is not expected to be on as regular a basis as cube testing. The data relevant to any specifi
29、c mix is expected to be held by the manufacturer and should not be more than one year old.9.1 Capillary absorption test (CAT)Three representative products at least 17 days old, tested according to Annex A shall not exhibit an average capillary absorption (C) exceeding 1.0 mg/mm2nor shall any individ
30、ual value of C (C1, etc.) exceed 1.3 mg/mm2.9.2 Initial surface absorption test (ISAT)Three representative products at least 14 days old and stored in warm dry conditions at not less than 15 C for at least 72 h shall be tested according to the method in BS 1881-208. The values obtained shall not exc
31、eed 0.25 ml/(m2s) at 10 min and 0.10 ml/(m2s) at 1 h for each product.Table 1 TolerancesDimensionmm Tolerancemm 4 000 6BS 1217:20084 BSI 200810 MarkingThe following particulars shall be clearly marked on the delivery note, drawings, invoice or suppliers certificate supplied with a consignment of cas
32、t stone products:a) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer;b) the weathering class, i.e. CAT and/or ISAT (see Clause 9);c) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 1217:20081).1)Marking BS 1217:2008 on or in relation to a product represents a manufactu
33、rers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity. BSI 2008
34、5BS 1217:2008Annex A (normative) CAT weatheringA.1 ApparatusUsual laboratory equipment, including:A.1.1 area measuring device, capable of measuring visual test faces and reading in millimetres or square millimetres, resolution of one millimetre;A.1.2 oven, capable of maintaining temperature at 70 5
35、C;A.1.3 enclosure, air-tight, capable temperature of 70 5 C and capable of holding at least three CAT samples;A.1.4 balance, capable of weighing products to an accuracy of 0.1%;A.1.5 tray, minimum depth 10 mm, water-tight and capable of holding at least three CAT samples;A.1.6 spacer devices, capabl
36、e of supporting the CAT samples in the tray;NOTE Stainless steel washers, 15 mm diameter and 5 mm thick have been found to be suitable. A.1.7 stopwatch/clock, capable of counting 10 minutes, displaying in at least 30 second divisions.NOTE A stopwatch or clock can also be used to measure the sample h
37、eating period of 72 hours below. A.2 TestMeasure the visual face of each product by suitable means and record the area of each in square millimetres to the nearest 10 mm2. Record as A1, A2, A3.At not less than 14 days old, dry the three products in a well ventilated oven or ovens at 70 5 C for at le
38、ast 72 h and allow to cool to room temperature 15 to 25 C in an air-tight enclosure. Weigh and record the mass of each unit to the nearest 0.1% of the product weight and record as W1, W2, W3.Place each product, supported on suitable spacer devices, into a tray and fill with cold water so that the vi
39、sual face under test is under a maintained 5 1 mm head of water. After 10 0.5 min, remove each product; remove excess water with a damp rag and within 30 s of the removal, reweigh and record the masses as above. Record as X1, X2, X3.Calculate the capillary absorption C1 in mg/mm2to the nearest 0.1 m
40、g/mm2:Similarly repeat the calculation for the other samples C2and C3substituting the relevant values of X and W.Finally calculate the mean value C (in mg/mm2) as:Record the mean value to one decimal place.C11 000 X1W1()A1-=CC1C2C3+3-=BS 1217:20086 BSI 2008Annex B (informative) General notes for gui
41、danceIt is critical that the term “representative of the planned production” is correctly understood. All parties should realize that, no matter how strictly controlled the manufacture is, there will be variations in colour, texture, shade and reflection. Over a period of 6 months to 24 months of na
42、tural weathering, most concretes, including cast stone, mature towards uniformity depending upon exposure. Attempts to change the appearance should be avoided; such attempts often aggravate the situation and natural weathering then has little or no chance of alleviating it. (See Clause 7.)Cube testi
43、ng represents the potential of the material. Although it would be ideal to have a strength test on the actual product, the variety of cast stone products produced generally precludes this. It is not always possible to obtain the same degree of compaction. The rebound hardness test may be used as ind
44、icative, provided that the manufacturer has data on the same test on cubes of that mix. The results may not be used as acceptance or rejection criteria unless specifically the subject of contractual agreement. (See Clause 6.)Cast stone should not be transported or installed before it is 14 days old
45、unless accelerated curing processes allow a reduction of this time. The CAT conforming product will weather much more quickly than the ISAT conforming product and in this respect will give cast stone a behaviour similar to many natural stones. The ISAT conforming variety will give a product that ten
46、ds to maintain its initial appearance over many years. Therefore a lot depends on what stone is being imitated, the location on the building, topography, etc. This standard does not refer to freeze/thaw durability risks as there are no known reports of such damage in the UK.NOTE Table B.1 provides s
47、election guidance for the specifier with reference to the manufacturing of cast stone units.Table B.1 Selection guidance to specifier with reference to the manufacturing method of cast stone unitsProperty Semi-dry Wet cast Cube strength Typical range (25 to 50) MPa Typical range (25 to 50) MPaSize M
48、ore common to small units More common to large unitsHandling As natural stone More robustAppearance as supplied Similar appearance to natural stone (e.g. Portland)Dense, close textureAppearance on weathering Similar to natural stone Retains supplied appearance for a longer periodWeathering (Clause 9
49、) Usual to achieve CAT conformity.More difficult to achieve ISAT conformity.Usual to achieve both ISAT and CAT conformityProduct strength Function of unit geometry (see also Annex C).For structural requirements reference should be made to BS EN 1991-1-1 Cost Function of mould reusage and finishing processesCleaning and repair Refer to BS 8221-1 (mainly for older cast stonework)NOTE The guidance given in this table is gener
