1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1439:1992 Specification for Single-ply wet-crped paper towellingBS1439:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Paper and PrintingStandards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 1May1992
2、 BSI 07-1999 First published July 1948 First revision February 1954 Second revision June 1961 Fourth edition May 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAM/10 Draft for comment 91/43147 DC ISBN 0 580 20634 3 Committees responsible for this British
3、Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Paper and Printing Standards Policy Committee (PAM/-) to Technical Committee PAM/10, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of County Councils British Paper and Board Industry Federation Her Majestys Statio
4、nery Office Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management Association Institute of Trading Standards Administration National Health Service (Procurement Group) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1439:1992 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover F
5、oreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definition 1 3 Material 1 4 Dispensing 1 5 Size 1 6 Sampling 1 7 Wet tensile strength 1 8 Total absorbency 1 9 Rate of absorbency 1 10 pH value 1 Appendix A Method for determination of total absorbency 2 Appendix B Method for determination of the rate of absorbency 3 Appendix
6、C Storage 3 Figure 1 Soaking of test piece 2 Figure 2 Drainage of test piece 3 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS1439:1992 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Paper and Printing Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 1439:1961
7、which is withdrawn. In the non-domestic market paper towelling fulfils two main functions, hand-drying and disposable wiping. In recognition of this, this edition deals only with towelling intended for hand-drying. Consideration may be given to developing British Standards for other grades of dispos
8、able towelling and wiping products should the need arise. The previous edition of this British Standard specified details of dispensing cabinets for use with paper towels but it is now considered that this is an area which should be left to market forces. Consequently details of cabinets are not inc
9、luded in this edition. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages T
10、his document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1439
11、:1992 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the minimum size and performance and dispensing requirements for single-ply wet-crped paper towelling designed primarily for hand-drying in the non-domestic market. Requirements for furnish are outside the scope of this standard. Requiremen
12、ts for grammage are outside the scope of this standard. NOTE 1It is considered that paper towelling with a grammage of less than 48 g/m 2is unlikely to meet the performance requirements of this standard. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back
13、cover. 2 Definition For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definition applies. 2.1 wet-crped paper paper that has been mechanically wrinkled during manufacture, at a moisture content greater than30%, to enhance its bulk, absorbency and softness 3 Material The towelling shall be of
14、a material that does not leave an amount of fluff or fibre on the hands after normal use, such as to be clearly visible to the naked eye. Any dye used shall be such as not to leach out in normal use. NOTEThe colour (including whiteness) of the towelling is a matter for agreement between the supplier
15、 and the purchaser. 4 Dispensing The towelling shall be supplied in a form compatible with the methods of dispensing available. 5 Size When towels are supplied in sheets or perforated rolls, the area of each individual towel shall be not less than 645 cm 2(100 in 2 ). In no case shall the dimension
16、of the shorter edge of each sheet of towelling be less than 20.3 cm (8 in). 6 Sampling Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance with BS 3430. 7 Wet tensile strength When tested in accordance with BS 2922-2, the minimum wet tensile strength shall be not less than1.8N/15 mm. 8 Total absorbe
17、ncy When determined in accordance with Appendix A, the total absorbency shall be not less than 0.93 g. 9 Rate of absorbency When determined in accordance with Appendix B, the mean rate of absorbency shall be not more than30s per 0.02 ml. 10 pH value When determined in accordance with BS 2924-1, an a
18、queous extract of the paper shall have a pH value of between 4 and 10.BS1439:1992 2 BSI 07-1999 Appendix A Method for determination of total absorbency A.1 Apparatus and reagent A.1.1 Tray, of sufficient capacity to permit total immersion of the test samples. A.1.2 Laboratory balance, accurate to 0.
19、01 g. A.1.3 Standard felt, of quality AB-5-AM, batt-on-base. 1) A.1.4 Containers, for weighing the test pieces. A.1.5 Forceps A.1.6 Timing device A.1.7 Distilled or deionized water, in accordance with BS 3978. A.2 Sampling and test piece preparation From five different packets or rolls draw five sam
20、ples, one from each packet or roll. From each sample cut a test piece 10 cm 10 cm ensuring that each test piece contains the same number of plies as the towel. A.3 Procedure Fill the tray (A.1.1) to a depth of about 30 mm with distilled or deionized water at a temperature of23 1 C and immerse the fe
21、lt until it is totally saturated. NOTE 1In order to be totally saturated, a fresh felt should be immersed for at least 24 h before use. Weigh a test piece to the nearest 0.01 g and place it slowly in the bath so that no air remains in the test piece. As the test piece is submerged, gently position i
22、t on the felt, using the forceps, as shown in Figure 1. Leave the test piece until it is fully saturated (usually 1 min). NOTE 2The position of the test piece on the felt is important. Lift the felt and test piece out of the tray, holding the top edge of the felt and ensuring that the test piece is
23、in the correct position (see Figure 2). Hold the felt over the tray until drainage of water from the test piece is observed to be complete. This is judged to be immediately after the test piece has assumed a uniform colour and appearance. NOTE 3At this stage the test piece is considered to be incapa
24、ble of absorbing further water or losing water by drainage. 1) For information on the availability of suitable felt write to Customer Information, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes MK14 6LE. Figure 1 Soaking of test pieceBS1439:1992 BSI 07-1999 3 Remove the test piece from the felt with the forceps,
25、place it in a preweighed container and reweigh. Repeat the above procedure with the remaining test pieces. A.4 Result Calculate the increase in mass of each sample then calculate the mean of the five samples. Report the result as the absorbency in g. Appendix B Method for determination of the rate o
26、f absorbency B.1 Apparatus and reagent B.1.1 Water reservoir, connected to a 19 gauge non-corrosive needle. B.1.2 Ring, or other suitable item, of sufficient dimension to support the sample. B.1.3 Distilled or deionized water, in accordance with BS 3978. NOTEOne drop of water is equivalent to 0.02 m
27、l. B.2 Sampling From five different packets or rolls draw five samples, one from each packet or roll, each with an area of not less than 300 mm 2 . B.3 Conditioning Prior to testing, condition each sample in accordance with BS 3431. B.4 Procedure Support a sample horizontally on a suitable ring so t
28、hat the paper surface is 12 mm to 13 mm below the delivery end of the needle and the area on which the water will fall is not in contact with the ring. Fill the water reservoir with distilled or deionized water at a temperature of 23 2 C. Expel one drop(0.02ml) of water and allow it to fall on the p
29、aper surface. Record the time which elapses from when the water first touches the paper surface until it completely disappears, as evinced by the cessation of light reflected from the surface. Repeat this procedure so that three determinations are made on each side of each of the samples. B.5 Report
30、 Calculate the mean of the 30 determinations and report the result as the mean rate of absorbency in seconds per 0.02 ml. Appendix C Storage After delivery to the purchaser, the paper towelling should be stored in temperate conditions in order to retain it at its optimum level of performance. The to
31、welling should also be stored in a way that ensures that it will be used in the order in which deliveries are made. NOTEEnsure sample is positioned centrally on top half of felt. Figure 2 Drainage of test piece4 blankBS1439:1992 BSI 07-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 2922, Strength of wet paper a
32、nd board. BS 2922-2, Method for determination of the tensile strength of paper and board after immersion in water. BS 2924, Aqueous extracts of paper, board and pulp. BS 2924-1, Method for determination of pH. BS 3430, Method for sampling to determine the average quality of paper and board. BS 3431,
33、 Method for the conditioning of paper and board for testing. BS 3978, Specification for water for laboratory use. BS 1439:1992 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK v
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