1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 144 : 1997 Incorporati
2、ng Amendment No. 1 ICS 71.100.50; 79.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for Coal tar creosote for wood preservationBS 144 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineerin
3、g, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1997 BSI 1998 First published, as BS 144, August 1921 Second edition July 1936 Third edition June 1954 Fourth edition March 1973 Fifth edition, as Parts 1 and 2, April 1990 Sixth edition, as BS 144, July 199
4、7 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/515 Draft for comment 96/120287 DC ISBN 0 580 25301 5 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected 9947 April 1998 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Committees responsible for this Britis
5、h Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/515, Wood preservation, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Telecommunications plc British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association Chemical Industries Association Creosote Council D
6、epartment of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Timber Research and Development Association Timber Trade Federation Wood Panel Industries Federation The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulting
7、Scientists ITRI Ltd. Ministry of DefenceBS 144 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Specification 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Composition 1 4 General requirements 1 5 Methods of treatment of timber 1 Annexes A (normative) Method for the determination o
8、f liquidity 3 B (normative) Method for the determination of density 3 C (normative) Method for the determination of distillation range 4 D (normative) Method for the determination of extractable phenols 9 E (normative) Method for the determination of kinematic viscosity 10 F (normative) Method for t
9、he determination of water content 12 G (normative) Method for the determination of matter insoluble in toluene 12 H (normative) Method for the determination of naphthalene content by gas chromatography 13 I (informative) Guidance on the methods of treatment of timber 15 Tables 1 Requirements for cre
10、osote types 1, 2, 3 and 4 2 B.1 Multiplication (m) and addition (a) factors for conversion of corrected hydrometer readings at t C to density at 38 C (creosote types 1 and 2) 5 B.2 Multiplication (m) and addition (a) factors for conversion of corrected hydrometer readings at t C to density at 20 C (
11、creosote type 3) 6 B.3 Multiplication (m) and addition (a) factors for conversion of corrected hydrometer readings at t C to density at 55 C (creosote type 4) 7 C.1 Corrections for barometric pressure 8 Figures E.1 BS/IP/RF U-tube reverse flow viscometer 11 I.1 Example spacing of incisions 17 List o
12、f references 20ii BSI 1997 BS 144 : 1997 Foreword This revision of BS 144 has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/515, Wood preservation. This British Standard was first published in 1921, with revisions in 1954, 1973 and 1990. The 1990 revision brought all types of creosote u
13、nder one standard (low viscosity creosote not requiring heat for application had previously been covered by BS 3051). The 1990 revision specified three types of creosote to cover all applications; it also incorporated the provisions of BS 913, which was withdrawn. This revision reflects the subseque
14、nt advances in technology and particular attention has been paid to environmental issues. Four types of creosote are specified in this revision, together with methods for determining conformity to the specifications. Methods of application previously specified in BS 144 : Part 2 : 1990 are now given
15、 in an informative annex. Materials conforming to this specification and used as a wood preservative require Government approval under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 (SI 1510) before they can be sold, supplied, stored, advertised or used in the United Kingdom. This revision supersedes BS
16、 144 : Part 1 : 1990 and BS 144 : Part 2 : 1990, which are withdrawn. CAUTION. Attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need for ensuring that the methods specified in this British Standard are carried out with suitable precautions. The procedures described in this
17、British Standard are intended to be carried out by appropriately qualified and experienced persons or other suitably trained and/or supervised personnel. Normal safety precautions should be taken throughout performing the methods. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
18、 from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. BSI 1997 1 BS 144 : 1997 Specification 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for four types of coal tar creosot
19、e for wood preservation. Type 1 creosote is intended for treatment of timber by pressure impregnation. Type 2 creosote is also intended for pressure impregnation, but has a more closely defined distillation range and a more restricted residue content than creosote of type 1. Type 2 creosote is espec
20、ially suitable for treatment of poles for overhead power and telecommunication lines, and for structural timbers where bleeding in service could present a problem. Type 3 creosote is intended for treatment of timber by immersion and brushing. Type 4 creosote is intended for treatment of timber by pr
21、essure impregnation at temperatures 100 C. This creosote excludes the lower boiling fractions allowable in the other three creosote types and is especially suitable where volatility leading to odour is a problem. NOTE. Creosote of types 1, 2 and 3 may be used for the hot-and-cold open tank process.
22、2 References 2.1 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on page 20. For dated references, only the edit
23、ion cited applies; any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments. 2.2 Inform
24、ative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this Standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Composition All types of
25、creosote shall consist of blends of distillates of coal tar and shall be free from petroleum oils or oils not derived from coal tar. 4 General requirements 4.1 When tested in accordance with the methods listed in table 1, the creosote, when manufactured, shall be in accordance with the limiting requ
26、irements given in that table. Samples for the assessment of conformity to these requirements shall be taken in accordance with BS EN 1014-1. 4.2 Requirements for creosote in use within treatment plants shall be as in table 1 except for: water content (max.): 3.0 % (V/V); insoluble matter content (ma
27、x.): 0.6 % (m/m). 5 Methods of treatment of timber Guidance on methods of treatment of timber for use with these preparations is given in annex I.2 BSI 1998 BS 144 : 1997 | Table 1. Requirements for creosote types 1, 2, 3 and 4 Property Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Test method Liquidity 32 32 0 50 Te
28、mperature ( C) at which the product is completely liquid, after: 2h 4h Annex A Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Density (kg/m 3 ) at: 5 5 C 1003 1144 38 C 1003 1108 1003 1108Annex B 20 C 910 1120 Distillation Recovery of dehydrated creosote (% (m/m) at: Annex C 2 0 5 C 651 5 230 C 40 5 30 40
29、2 7 0 C 3 0 3 1 5 C 7 84 07 84 09 01 8 355 C 60 73 90 65 65 95 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Extractable phenols content (ml/100 g of dehydrated creosote) in the distillate up to 315 C (as obtained in annex D): Types 1, 2 and 4, density range 1003 kg/m 3 to 1045 kg/m 3 5 20 5 20 5 18 Annex
30、 D Types 1, 2 and 4, density range 1046 kg/m 3 to 1144 kg/m 3 0 20 0 20 0 18 Type 3 12 0 Flash point (C, Pensky-Martens closed tester) 61 61 61 61 BS EN 22719 Viscosity (mm 2 /s), kinematic at 40 C 4 20 Annex E Water content (% (V/V) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Annex F Insoluble matter content (% (m/m) 0.4 0.4
31、0.4 0.4 Annex G Naphthalene content (% (m/m) )1 5Annex H Benzoapyrene content (mg/kg) 500 500 50 500 DD ENV 1014-3 Water extractable phenols content (% (m/m) 3 3 3 3 BS EN 1014-4BS 144 : 1997 BSI 1997 3 Annexes Annex A (normative) Method for the determination of liquidity A.1 Principle The sample is
32、 maintained at the specified temperature (50 C, 32 C or 0 C) for 2 h or 4 h and then examined for the presence of separated solid matter. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1 Conical flask, capacity 100 ml. A.2.2 Thermometer, partial immersion thermometer of range2 0.5 C to 55 C, graduated at each 0.1 C and accurate
33、 to 0.2 C. NOTE. A thermometer conforming to BS 593 is suitable. A.2.3 Constant temperature baths. Depending on the type of creosote being tested, baths able to maintain temperatures of (50 0.1) C, (32 0.1) C or (0 0.1) C. A.3 Procedure Pour about 50 ml of the laboratory sample (see BS EN 1014-1) in
34、to the conical flask. Fit the thermometer by means of a cork into the neck of the flask, with the bulb of the thermometer immersed in the creosote. Place the flask in the appropriate constant temperature bath. Ensure that the surface of the creosote is below that of the water in the bath. Swirl the
35、flask until the creosote reaches the appropriate temperature. Leave the flask in the bath for 2 h or 4 h as appropriate, then withdraw the flask and examine the surface of the creosote for solid matter. Rotate the flask slowly, holding it horizontally, and examine the sides for solid matter. When th
36、e sample is free from solid matter, place the flask in the second bath, maintained at (32 0.1) C for types 1 and 2 creosote, (0 0.1) C for type 3, and (50 0.1) C for type 4. Re-examine the sample for solids when the contents have reached the bath temperature, and again after having maintained the sa
37、mple at the bath temperature for 2 h for types 1, 2 and 4, or 4 h for type 3. A.4 Acceptance criteria The sample shall be deemed to pass the liquidity test if it remains completely liquid for the specified period at the specified temperature. The sample shall be deemed to fail the liquidity test if
38、any solid matter is observed, either after cooling to the specified temperature or at any time up to the end of the specified period at that temperature. Annex B (normative) Method for the determination of density B.1 Principle Density is determined by means of a density hydrometer. B.2 Apparatus B.
39、2.1 Hydrometer, conforming to series L50 of BS 718, calibrated for determination of density at 20 C in g/ml, for use in liquids of low surface tension, and constructed of soda-lime glass. NOTE. Hydrometers calibrated in kg/m 3 are also available in series L50 of BS 718, and these may be used instead
40、. If such a hydrometer is used, it should be read to the nearest kg/m 3 (see B.3); the corrections described in B.4 should be multiplied by 1000, and the factor 1000 from the equation in B.4.2 omitted. Examine the hydrometer before use to see that it is clean and dry and that there has been no displ
41、acement of the paper scale during use. NOTE. Any displacement of the paper scale can be detected by reference to the means provided for this purpose: e.g., a horizontal line may be etched on the stem of the hydrometer and the corresponding datum marked on the paper scale. If the scale has been displ
42、aced, recertification of the hydrometer is necessary. B.2.2 Hydrometer vessel, free from local irregularities producing distortion and several millimetres greater in diameter than the hydrometer bulb. NOTE. A 1 l measuring cylinder conforming to BS 604 is suitable. B.2.3 Partial immersion thermomete
43、r, of range 2 0.5 C to 60 C, graduated in 0.1 C and accurate to 0.2 C. NOTE. A thermometer conforming to BS 593 is suitable. B.3 Procedure Warm the laboratory sample (see BS EN 1014-1) to approximately 38 C for types 1 and 2, 20 C for type 3 and 55 C for type 4 creosote. Fill the clean hydrometer ve
44、ssel with the liquefied laboratory sample to a depth sufficient to allow the hydrometer to float. NOTE. Pour the sample down the side of the vessel, to avoid formation of air bubbles. Gently stir the sample, avoiding formation of air bubbles. Hold the hydrometer by the top of the stem, insert it car
45、efully into the sample, and release it when approximately in the position of equilibrium, i.e. when it rises or falls only to a small degree. Lightly press the top of the hydrometer stem, to immerse it further by a few millimetres. Release the hydrometer. After a few oscillations, when the hydromete
46、r is steady, note the reading. Observe the meniscus. If the stem is clean the meniscus shape will remain unchanged during the hydrometer oscillations. If the meniscus shape changes, clean the hydrometer and repeat the procedure. Record the hydrometer reading to the nearest 0.001 g/ml and the tempera
47、ture of the creosote to the nearest 0.1 C. If the bottom of the meniscus is not visible, take the reading at the level where the meniscus merges into the stem of the hydrometer.4 BSI 1997 BS 144 : 1997 B.4 Calculation B.4.1 Correction of hydrometer reading Calculate the corrected hydrometer reading,
48、 R t ,a s follows: R t = R + C + 0.0007 where R is the hydrometer reading; C is the certification correction; 0.0007 is the meniscus height correction (to be used for opaque creosotes only). NOTE. The value of R t is the corrected hydrometer reading for the sample at t C, the temperature of the creo
49、sote in the test. B.4.2 Calculation of density Calculate the density d, at the required temperature (55 C, 38 C or 20 C), as follows: d = 1000 (R t m + a) where d is the density (kg/m 3 ); R t is the corrected hydrometer reading (see B.4.1); m is the multiplication factor (see note); a is the addition factor (see note). NOTE. m and a are obtained from table B.1 for types 1 and 2, from tabl
