1、Reclaimed mineral insulating oil for transformers and switchgear SpecificationBS 148:2009raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsBS 148:2009 BritiSh StandardPublishing and copyright informationthe BSi copyright notice disp
2、layed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSi 2009 iSBn 978 0 580 59225 6iCS 29.040.10the following BSi references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GEL/10 draft for comment 08/30167496 dCPublication historyFirst published april 1923 First revision Ma
3、y 1927 Second revision april 1933 third revision January 1951 Fourth revision april 1959 Fifth revision december 1972 Sixth revision September 1984 Seventh revision October 1997 Eighth revision July 1998 ninth (latest) revision February 2009Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affected Briti
4、Sh Standard BSI 2009 iBS 148:2009ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 normative references 13 terms and definitions 24 identification and delivery 35 Sampling 36 Properties of the oils 37 test methods 4Annexesannex a (normative) analysis method for determination of passivators in mineral oils by high perfo
5、rmance liquid chromatography (hPLC) 8Bibliography 16List of figuresFigure a.1 UV spectra of ttaa and Bta 13List of tablestable 1 Uninhibited mineral insulating oils 6table 2 inhibited mineral insulating oils 7table a.1 Examples of separation condition 12table a.2 repeatability 15table a.3 reproducib
6、ility 15Summary of pagesthis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.BS 148:2009ii BSI 2009BritiSh StandardForewordPublishing informationthis British Standard is published by BSi and came into effect on 28 February
7、2009. it was prepared by technical Committee GEL/10, Fluids for electrotechnical applications. a list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Supersessionthis British Standard supersedes BS 148:1998, which is withdrawn. BS 148:1998 was the specifica
8、tion for unused and reclaimed mineral insulating oil for transformers and switchgear. the specification for unused mineral insulating oil is now covered in BS En 60296. due to the continued market requirement for reclaimed oil to an agreed specification, BS 148 is now dedicated to reclaimed mineral
9、insulating oil only.Information about this documentthe limits given in this standard are based on BS En 60296. For ease of crossreference, the clause numbering of this standard follows that of BS En 60296 as far as possible. this standard differs from BS En 60296 in specifying limits for total furan
10、s. the increasing use of total furfural/furans measurements as an inservice diagnostic tool has brought about the necessity to impose limits on reclaimed oil, which is continued in this edition.this standard acknowledges UK practice whereby the limiting values for reclaimed mineral insulating oils a
11、re based on those for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear while having due regard for the variability of used oil feedstock from which reclaimed oil will be produced.Presentational conventionsthe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. its r
12、equirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsthis publication does not purport to i
13、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BritiSh Standard BSI 2009 1BS 148:20091 Scopethis British Standard specifies requirements for reclaimed oxidation inhi
14、bited and uninhibited mineral insulating oils, as delivered, for use in transformers, switchgear and similar electrical equipment in which oil is required as an insulant or for heat transfer. Oils with and without additives are within the scope of this standard. this standard does not differentiate
15、between the methods used to reclaim used mineral insulating oil; thus it is also applicable to oils having undergone a rerefining process.this standard does not apply to mineral insulating oils used as impregnates in cables or capacitors, or to hydrocarbon insulating liquids obtained by synthesis.NO
16、TE 1 Oils conforming to the requirements of this standard, and containing no additives, are considered to be compatible with one another and can be mixed in any proportion. This does not necessarily apply to oils containing additives, and where the user wishes to mix such oils a check should be made
17、 to ensure that the mixture conforms to the requirements of this standard.NOTE 2 Reclaimed mineral insulating oil is produced by the processing, to a greater or lesser extent, of service degraded used mineral insulating oil. Such oil will have been originally supplied in compliance with either BS 14
18、8:1998 (or earlier editions) or BS EN 60296. Due to the variability of service conditions and the changes in original specification since the first edition of BS 148, reclaimers may reserve the right to reject used oil if it is considered unsuitable as a feedstock to produce a reclaimed oil in accor
19、dance with this specification.2 Normative referencesthe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
20、s.BS 200015, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 15: Petroleum products Determination of pour pointBS 5263, Method for sampling liquid dielectricsBS 5984, Method for detection and determination of specified antioxidant additives in insulating oilsBS En 60156, Insulating liquids Deter
21、mination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency Test methodBS En 60247, Insulating liquids Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor (tan d) and d.c. resistivityBS En 60814, Insulating liquids Oilimpregnated paper and pressboard Determination of water by automatic coul
22、ometric Karl Fischer titrationBS En 61125, Unused hydrocarbonbased insulating liquids Test methods for evaluating the oxidation stabilityBS En 61198, Mineral insulating oils Methods for the determination of 2furfural and related compoundsBS En 61619, Insulating liquids Contamination by polychlorinat
23、ed biphenyls (PCBs) Method of determination by capillary column gas chromatographyBS 148:20092 BSI 2009BritiSh StandardBS En 620211, Insulating liquids Determination of acidity Part 1: Automatic potentiometric titrationBS En 620212, Insulating liquids Determination of acidity Part 2: Colourimetric t
24、itrationBS En 62535, Method for detection of potentially corrosive sulfur in used and unused mineral insulating oils1)BS En iSO 2719, Determination of flash point PenskyMartens closed cup methodBS En iSO 3104, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Part 71: Section 1: Petroleum products Tran
25、sparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosityBS En iSO 3675, Methods of test for petroleum and its products BS 2000160: Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer methodiEC 60475, Method for samp
26、ling liquid dielectrics3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 additivesubstance deliberately added to an insulating liquid in small proportion in order to improve certain characteristics3.2 antioxidantadditive incorporated in a
27、n insulating liquid to reduce or delay its degradation by oxidation3.3 inhibited oilmineral insulating oil which contains an antioxidant3.4 passivatoradditive incorporated in an insulating liquid to reduce the chemical reactivity of metallic surfaces within oilfilled equipment3.5 passivated oilminer
28、al insulating oil which contains a passivator3.6 pour point depressantadditive that enables the pour point of a mineral insulating oil to be lowered3.7 reclaimed oilmineral insulating oil used in electrical equipment which has been subjected to chemical and/or physical processing to eliminate solubl
29、e and insoluble contaminants3.8 reconditioned oilmineral insulating oil used in electrical equipment which has been subjected to physical processing to remove contaminants1)in preparation.BritiSh Standard BSI 2009 3BS 148:20093.9 rerefined oilmineral insulating oil used in electrical equipment which
30、 has been subjected to extensive chemical and/or physical processing, similar to that used for the initial production of such oils, to eliminate soluble and insoluble contaminants3.10 uninhibited oilmineral insulating oil containing no added antioxidant but which may contain other additives3.11 unus
31、ed oilmineral insulating oil which has not been used in, or been in contact with, electrical equipment or other equipment not required for manufacture, storage or transport4 Identification and delivery4.1 road or rail tank wagons and drums used for the delivery of oil shall be specially cleaned for
32、this purpose.4.2 Oil drums and containers of oil samples shipped by the oil supplier shall carry at least the following markings:suppliers designation;a) number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 148:2009 b) 2).4.3 Each oil delivery shall be covered by a document from the supplier stating at
33、 least the following:suppliers designation;a) function and generic nature of any additive present;b) that the oil conforms to BS 148:2009.c) 4.4 health and safety information, in line with current legislation, shall be available to the purchaser.5 SamplingSampling shall be carried out in accordance
34、with BS 5263.NOTE As a general rule, oil samples should be taken where the oil is presumed to be more contaminated, e.g. at the lowest point of the container; however, contaminants at the surface or in the body of the oil should not be overlooked.6 Properties of the oilsUninhibited and inhibited oil
35、s shall be in accordance with the limiting values specified in table 1 and table 2, respectively, when tested in accordance with Clause 7. 2)Marking BS 148:2009 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that
36、the product meets the requirements of the standard. the accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which might also be desirable.BS 148:20094 BSI 2009BritiSh Standardthe limits for water content
37、, breakdown voltage and dielectric dissipation factor for oil packed in drums shall apply only to oils delivered in drums of 200 L nominal capacity and to tests carried out within two weeks following delivery.NOTE 1 There is a tendency for water absorption to occur and for the electrical characteris
38、tics to deteriorate in oil stored in drums.NOTE 2 Oil in drums cannot be expected to retain the breakdown voltage shown at the time of filling and attention is drawn to the risk of deterioration of electrical properties, which is greater in smaller drums (less than 200 L). It is recommended that the
39、 breakdown voltage is checked on oil that has been drummed for more than three months and/or if the drum has been damaged.reclaimed uninhibited oil shall meet the limiting values in table 1 and reclaimed inhibited oil shall meet the limiting values in table 2.NOTE 3 Precision data given in the speci
40、fied methods are to be used solely as a guide to the expected agreement between duplicate measurements of the property and are not to be regarded as tolerances applicable to the limits specified in Table 1 and Table 2.7 Test methods7.1 Appearanceto test appearance, a representative sample of the oil
41、 shall be examined in transmitted light under an oil depth of approximately 100 mm and at ambient temperature.7.2 Densitydensity shall be measured using any recognized standard test method or, in the event of a dispute, the method specified in BS En iSO 3675.density shall be measured at 20 C.NOTE De
42、nsity values can be converted to 20 C using Table 59 D of Petroleum measurement paper No.3: Computer implementation procedures for correcting densities and volumes to 20 C 1.7.3 Kinematic viscosityKinematic viscosity shall be measured by the method described in BS En iSO 3104.7.4 Flash pointFlash po
43、int shall be determined by the method described in BS En iSO 2719.7.5 Pour pointPour point shall be determined by the method described in BS 200015.7.6 Neutralization valueneutralization number of the oil shall be determined in accordance with BS En 620211 or BS En 620212.BritiSh Standard BSI 2009 5
44、BS 148:20097.7 Corrosive sulfurCorrosive sulfur shall be determined by the method described in BS En 62535.7.8 Passivator contentPassivator content shall be determined by the method described in annex a.7.9 Water contentWater content shall be determined by the method described in BS En 60814.7.10 An
45、tioxidant additivesSpecified antioxidant additives shall be detected and determined quantitatively by the methods described in BS 5984.7.11 Oxidation stabilityOxidation stability shall be determined by Method C of BS En 61125.7.12 Breakdown voltageBreakdown voltage shall be determined by the method
46、described in BS En 60156.7.13 Dielectric dissipation factordielectric dissipation factor shall be measured at 90 C by the method described in BS En 60247.7.14 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)PCBs shall be determined by BS En 61619.7.15 Total furansthe 2furaldehyde and furan derivatives shall be dete
47、rmined by the methods described in BS En 61198.BS 148:20096 BSI 2009BritiSh Standardtable 1 Uninhibited mineral insulating oilsProperty Test method Limiting values for measured characteristicsappearance 7.1 Clear, free from sediment and suspended matterdensity, kg/dm3at 20 C 7.2 G 0.895 a)Kinematic
48、viscosity 7.3mm2/s 40 C B)G 1315 C G 800Flash point, C 7.4 H 135Pour point, C 7.5 G 30neutralization value, mg KOh per g of oil 7.6 G 0.03Corrosive sulfur 7.7 noncorrosive Passivator content 7.8 not detectable C)Water content, mg/kg 7.9bulk delivery G 20drum delivery G 30antioxidant additives 7.10 n
49、ot detectable d)Oxidation stability, 164 h 7.11total acidity, mg KOh per g of oil G 1.2sludge, % by mass G 0.8Breakdown voltage, as delivered, kV 7.12 H 30dielectric dissipation factor, at 90 C and 40 hz to 62 hz7.13 G 0.005total PCB content mg/kg 7.14 to be agreed E)total furans mg/kg 7.15 0.08 and 50 5A.9.3 Reproducibilityduplicate determinations carried out by different laboratories shall be considered suspect at the 95% confidence level if they differ by more t
