1、BRITISH STANDARD BS1561:1966 Specification for Silver anodes and silver salts for electroplatingBS1561:1966 This British Standard, having been approved by the Surface Coatings (other than Paints) Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman ofthe Engineering Divisional Council, was publ
2、ished under theauthority of the GeneralCouncilon 28 November1966 BSI 08-1999 First published May1949 First revision November1966 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SRE/8 Draft for comment D63/7888 ISBN 0 580 01915 2 Co-operating organizations The Su
3、rface Coatings (other than Paints) Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Aluminium Federation Assay Offices Committee of Great Britai
4、n Association of Metal Sprayers British Bolt, Nut, Screw and Rivet Federation British Cycle and Motor Cycle Industries Association Limited* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Iron and Steel Federation British Jewellers Association British Non-ferrous Metal Research Assoc
5、iation* Chemical Industries Association* Electricity Council, the Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales Electronic Engineering Association Engineering Equipment Users Association Institute of Metal Finishing* Institute of Sheet Metal Engineers Institute of Vitreous Enamellers Gre
6、ater London Council Metal Finishing Association* Ministry of Aviation Ministry of Defence, Army Department Ministry of Defence, Navy Department Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited* Tin Research Institute* Vitreous Enamel Development Council Zinc Development Association* The scientific
7、 and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Federation of Master Printers British Sulphate of Copper Association Chemical Society Inst
8、itution of Chemical Engineers Royal Institute of Chemistry Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association Society of Chemical Industry United Kingdom Cutlery and Silverware Manufacturers Association Individual firms Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1561:1966 BSI 08-1999 i
9、 Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Precautions 1 2 Silver anodes 1 2.1 Physical form 1 2.2 Chemical composition 1 2.3 Sampling and size of sample 1 3 Silver potassium cyanide (double salt) 1 3.1 Physical form and appearance 1 3.2 Chem
10、ical composition 1 3.3 Impurities 1 3.4 Containers 1 3.5 Sampling and size of sample 1 4 Silver cyanide (single salt) 2 4.1 Physical form and appearance 2 4.2 Chemical composition 2 4.3 Impurities 2 4.4 Containers 2 4.5 Sampling and size of sample 2 Appendix A Determination of silver 3 Appendix B De
11、termination of copper 4 Appendix C Determination of insoluble matter 4BS1561:1966 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS427, Vickers hardness test Part1: Testing of metals. BS3978, Water for laboratory use. This British Standard is one of a serie
12、s of standards that has been prepared to meet the requirements of electroplaters, others in the series being: BS558,BS 564, Nickel anodes and nickel salts for electroplating. BS622, Cyanides for electroplating. BS1468, Tin salts for electroplating. BS2656, Zinc anodes, zinc cyanide and zinc oxide fo
13、r electroplating. BS2657, Fluoroboric acid and metallic fluoroborates for electroplating. BS2867, Copper sulphate for electroplating. BS2868, Cadmium anodes and cadmium oxide for electroplating. BS2884, Copper cyanide for electroplating. Wherever appropriate, British Standard laboratory glassware sh
14、ould be used in the methods of test. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summ
15、ary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front
16、cover.BS1561:1966 BSI 08-1999 1 1 General 1.1 Scope 1.1.1 This British Standard specifies requirements for silver anodes, silver potassium cyanide and silver cyanide for electroplating. Silver is normally electrodeposited from a solution containing essentially, a double cyanide of silver and an alka
17、li metal, additional alkali cyanide (free cyanide) and other alkaline compounds. This solution is usually produced from silver potassium cyanide or silver cyanide and pure silver anodes are normally used. 1.2 Precautions 1.2.1 As cyanides are highly poisonous, they must never be touched with unprote
18、cted hands; gloves must be worn during sampling operations. Attention is also drawn to Form385 published by the Factory Department of the Ministry of Labour and obtainable from Her Majestys Stationery Office. 2 Silver anodes 2.1 Physical form 2.1.1 Silver anodes for electroplating shall, unless othe
19、rwise specified by the purchaser, be cast, rolled or extruded and in the annealed condition. The hardness of the silver anodes shall not exceed40HV5 when tested in accordance with BS427-1 1) . 2.2 Chemical composition 2.2.1 The silver content shall be not less than99.95%, when determined by the meth
20、od described in Appendix A. The combined silver and copper content shall be not less than99.98% when determined by the methods described in Appendix A and Appendix B. 2.3 Sampling and size of sample 2.3.1 A representative sample weighing not less than20g shall be taken for the purpose of examination
21、 under this standard. In order to obtain a representative sample, at least10% of the anodes in the consignment shall be drilled and a sample taken from the mixed drillings. 3 Silver potassium cyanide (double salt) 3.1 Physical form and appearance 3.1.1 Silver potassium cyanide (double salt) for elec
22、troplating shall be white in colour and shall correspond to the formula KAg (CN) 2 . 3.2 Chemical composition 3.2.1 The silver content shall be not less than54.0% when determined by the method described in Appendix A. 3.3 Impurities 3.3.1 The amount of matter insoluble in distilled water, when deter
23、mined by the method described in Appendix C, shall not exceed0.1%. 3.4 Containers 3.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed between purchaser and vendor, the salt shall be supplied in airtight containers. 3.5 Sampling and size of sample 3.5.1 A representative sample, weighing not less than50g shall be taken for
24、 the purpose of examination under this standard. The sample shall be taken from freshly opened packages and shall be packed in a clean, dry and airtight bottle and sealed. The sample shall be rapidly crushed, well mixed and returned to the bottle. 1) BS427, “Vickers hardness test”, Part1, “Testing o
25、f metals”.BS1561:1966 2 BSI 08-1999 4 Silver cyanide (single salt) 4.1 Physical form and appearance 4.1.1 Silver cyanide (single salt) for electroplating shall be creamy white in colour and shall correspond to the formula AgCN. 4.2 Chemical composition 4.2.1 The silver content shall be not less than
26、80.0% when determined by the method described in Appendix A. 4.3 Impurities 4.3.1 The amount of matter insoluble in an aqueous solution of potassium cyanide, when determined by the method described in Appendix C, shall not exceed0.1%. 4.4 Containers 4.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed between purchaser an
27、d vendor, the salt shall be supplied in airtight containers. 4.5 Sampling and size of sample 4.5.1 A representative sample, weighing not less than50g shall be taken for the purpose of examination under this standard. The sample shall be taken from freshly opened packages and shall be packed in a cle
28、an, dry and airtight bottle and sealed. The sample shall be rapidly crushed, well mixed and returned to the bottle. NOTEThe British Standards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. This is shown below, enclosed in the words “Approved to British Standard”. This mark can be
29、 used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system of supervision, control and
30、testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Standards Institution,2 Park Street, London, W.1.BS15
31、61:1966 BSI 08-1999 3 Appendix A Determination of silver A.1 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical reagent quality and distilled water 2)shall be used whenever water is specified. Nitric acid, sp. gr.1.42. Nitric acid, 50per cent v/v. Dilute500ml of nitric acid (sp. gr.1.42) to1l
32、itre. Sodium chloride solution,1ml N 0.0010g NaCl. Weigh1.000g ( 0.001g) of sodium chloride (previously dried at500 C), dissolve in water and dilute to1litre in a graduated flask. Sodium chloride. Dry at500 C to a constant weight. A.2 Standardization of sodium chloride Weigh accurately10.0000g ( 0.0
33、002g) of assay silver metal. (The weight can be adjusted readily by means of a fine file.) Dissolve the metal in a250ml covered conical flask in20ml of nitric acid(50%) and dilute to approximately100ml with water. Weigh accurately5.4115g of sodium chloride (previously dried at500 C) and dissolve in1
34、00ml water in a500ml stoppered bottle. To this slowly add the silver solution washing the last traces into the flask with water. Shake vigorously, allow the silver chloride to settle and titrate in1ml additions with sodium chloride solution(1ml N 0.0010g NaCl) with vigorous shaking and settling betw
35、een each addition until no further cloud is formed at the surface layer when viewed against a black background. Deduct from the titration the1ml which did not produce a cloud. A.3 Procedures A.3.1 Silver anodes. Weigh accurately10.0000g ( 0.0002g) of sample and dissolve in20ml of nitric acid(50%) in
36、 a250ml covered conical flask. Dilute to approximately100ml. Continue as described under standardization of sodium chloride. If x ml of sodium chloride solution is used for the standard and y ml of sodium chloride solution is used for the sample, then 5.4115+0.0010 x=10.0000g silver 5.4115+0.0010 y=
37、10.0000g sample. A.3.2 Silver potassium cyanide. Weigh accurately5.000g ( 0.001g) of the sample and transfer to a250ml conical flask. Add40ml of nitric acid (sp. gr.1.42) and boil in a fume cupboard until a clear solution is obtained. Dilute to approximately100ml. Weigh accurately1.4550g of NaCl (pr
38、eviously dried at500 C) and dissolve in100ml of water in a500ml stoppered bottle. To this add slowly the silver solution washing the last traces into the flask with water. Continue as described under standardization of sodium chloride. If x ml of sodium chloride solution is used for the standard and
39、 y ml of sodium chloride solution is used for the sample, then A.3.3 Silver cyanide. Proceed as described for silver potassium cyanide, using a5.000g ( 0.001g) sample. Weigh accurately2.1600g of sodium chloride and continue as described under standardization of sodium chloride. If x ml of sodium chl
40、oride solution is used for the standard and y ml of sodium chloride solution is used for the sample, then 2) BS3978, “Water for laboratory use”. Percentage of silver 5.41150.0010 y + 5.41150.0010 x + -100 = Percentage of silver in sample 2 x 1.4550.0010 y +() 5.41150.0010 x + () -100 = Percentage of
41、 silver in sample 2 x 2.16000.0010 y + () 5.41150.0010 x + () -100 =BS1561:1966 4 BSI 08-1999 Appendix B Determination of copper B.1 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical reagent quality and distilled water 3)shall be used whenever water is specified. Standard copper solution, 1m
42、l N 1mg of copper. Dissolve1g of copper in20ml of nitric acid(50%) and dilute to1litre. Ammonia solution, 50% v/v. Dilute500ml of ammonia solution (sp. gr.0.91) to1litre. Nitric acid, 50% v/v. Dilute500ml of nitric acid (sp. gr.1.42) to1litre. B.2 Procedure Prepare a solution containing approximatel
43、y5g of the sample, accurately weighed, in about25ml of nitric acid(50%); make alkaline with ammonia solution(50%) and add10ml in excess. Filter if necessary and dilute to50ml. Match the blue colour of the solution (or an aliquot portion diluted to50ml) with the colour formed by adding standard coppe
44、r solution from a burette to a Nessler glass containing a similar volume of water and ammonia solution(50%). Alternatively the copper content of the test solution may be determined absorptiometrically or spectrophotometrically, using a suitable instrument. Appendix C Determination of insoluble matte
45、r C.1 Reagents All reagents shall be of recognized analytical reagent quality and distilled water 3)shall be used whenever water is specified. Potassium cyanide solution, 10% w/v. Dissolve100g of potassium cyanide in water, dilute to1litre and filter. C.2 Procedures C.2.1 Silver potassium cyanide. D
46、issolve approximately10g of the sample, accurately weighed, in water. Filter on to a weighed Grade2 sintered glass crucible, wash thoroughly with hot water, dry at110 C and re-weigh. C.2.2 Silver cyanide. Dissolve approximately10g of the sample, accurately weighed, in150ml of warm potassium cyanide
47、solution(10%). Filter on to a weighed Grade2 sintered glass crucible, wash thoroughly with hot water, dry at110 C and re-weigh. 3) BS3978, “Water for laboratory use”.BS1561:1966 BSI 08-1999 British Standards The following are available on application: Yearbook Including subject index and numerical l
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