1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-13: 1972 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 13: Air-traffic and ground services UDC 001.4:629.7:629.7.08:656.7BS185-13:1972 This British Standard, having been approved by the Aerospace Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authorityof the
2、 Executive Board of the Institution on 14August1972 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 70/35348 ISBN 0580 07385 8 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of
3、 British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to9 and a back cover. This standard ha
4、s been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS185-13:1972 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Sub-section 131. General 1 Sub-section 132. Air-t
5、raffic control 2 Sub-section 133. Ground services 6 Sub-section 133. Naval terms 9ii blankBS185-13:1972 BSI 11-1999 1 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section 1.) Section 13. Air-traffic and ground services Subsection 131. General No. Term Definiti
6、on 13101 aerodrome AIRFIELD Any area of land or water designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft. It includes any area or space, whether on the ground, on the roof of a building or elsewhere, similarly affording facilities for ai
7、rcraft capable of descending or climbing vertically. 13102 alternate ALTERNATE AERODROME An aerodrome specified in the flight plan to which an aircraft may proceed if landing at the intended destination becomes inadvisable. 13103 regular aerodrome An aerodrome used as a scheduled stop on a route. 13
8、104 air-ground communication Two-way communication between aircraft and ground stations. (Cf.13106 and13116.) 13105 air service A scheduled service for the public transport of passengers, mail or freight by air. 13106 air-to-ground communication One-way communication from aircraft to ground stations
9、. (Cf.13104 and 13116.) 13107 airline An air-transport organization offering or operating an air service. 13108 airmiss An incident entailing, in the opinion of a pilot, definite risk of collision in flight between his own and other aircraft. 13109 airport An aerodrome at which facilities are provid
10、ed for the shelter, servicing and repair of aircraft, and for receiving and discharging passengers or goods. Customs facilities are also available. 13110 airside Applied to those parts of an airport separated from public access by the Customs and Immigration Control areas. 13111 airstrip A strip of
11、land cleared for the take-off and landing of aircraft. 13112 airway A control area or part of a control area in the form of a corridor, marked by radio-navigational aids. 13113 cabotage routes Airline routes lying within one country or between a country and its overseas colonies or territories. 1311
12、4 cruise control The method of operating an aircraft to produce optimum fuel economy with regard to time or distance, or both. 13115 general air traffic (GAT) Flights conducted in accordance with the regulations and procedures for flight promulgated by the state civil aviation authorities and operat
13、ing under the control or authority of the civil air traffic services organization. (Cf.13119.) 13116 ground-to-air communication One-way communication from ground stations to aircraft. (Cf.13104 and13106.) 13117 load classification number(LCN) The number which defines the load-carrying capacity of t
14、he paved surface of an aerodrome.BS185-13:1972 2 BSI 11-1999 Subsection 132. Air-traffic control No. Term Definition 13118 load factor The number of passengers and/or weight of freight carried on a particular flight expressed as a percentage of the capacity available. 13119 operational air traffic (
15、OAT) Flights conducted under the control or authority of the military air traffic services organization. (Cf.13115.) 13120 operational control The exercise of authority by the operator or on his behalf over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight. A. Control areas and serv
16、ices 13201 advisory aea A designated area where an air-traffic advisory service is available. 13202 advisory route A route along which an air-traffic advisory service is available. 13203 aerodrome control A unit established to provide aerodrome-control service. 13204 aerodrome-control service An air
17、-traffic control service for aerodrome traffic. 13205 aerodrome traffic All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome. 13206 aerodrome-traffic circuit The specified paths to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome w
18、ithin a defined airspace. 13207 air-traffic All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring areas of aerodromes. 13208 air-traffic advisory service A service available within advisory airspace to provide separation between participating aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans. 13209
19、air-traffic control centre An air-traffic control service unit combining the services of a flight information centre and an area control centre. 13210 air-traffic control service A service provided to prevent collisions and promote the safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic (13207). 13211
20、 approach control A unit established to provide an approach-control service. 13212 approach-control service An air-traffic control service for arriving or departing flights. 13213 area-control centre A unit established to provide an area-control service. 13214 area-control service An air-traffic con
21、trol service for flights under instrument flight rules within control areas. 13215 control area (CTA) A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified height above the surface of the Earth without an upper limit unless one is specified. 13216 control zone (CTR) A controlled airspace extendin
22、g from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit. 13217 controlled airspace (CAS) An airspace of defined dimensions within which air-traffic control service is provided to IFR flights. 13218 flight-information centre (FIC) A unit established to provide flight-information service and to ale
23、rt the search-and-rescue services. 13219 flight-information region (FIR) An airspace of defined dimensions within which air-traffic services are provided according to the types of airspace therein. rBS185-13:1972 BSI 11-1999 3 No. Term Definition 13220 flight-information service(FIS) A service provi
24、ded for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. 13221 search and rescue alerting service A service provided to notify the appropriate organizations of aircraft in need of search-and-rescue aid and to assist such organizations. 13222 rescue c
25、o-ordination centre A centre established within an assigned search-and-rescue area to promote efficient organization of search and rescue. 13223 search-and-rescue area The area in which search-and-rescue operations become the responsibility of a particular rescue co-ordination centre. B. Control pro
26、cedure 13224 aircraft approach limitation(AAL) The lowest true height above the touch-down point to which a particular type of aircraft may descend on instruments, using a specified runway approach aid. It does not take into account local terrain or obstructions. 13225 air-traffic control clearance
27、Authorization by an air-traffic control unit for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by that unit. 13226 approach clearance Authorization by an air-traffic control unit for an aircraft to make an approach to an aerodrome. 13227 approach sequence The order in which two or more aircraft
28、are cleared to approach to land at an aerodrome. 13228 critical height The height above aerodrome elevation at which descent during instrument approach should be discontinued if the approach cannot be continued visually. 13229 decision height A specified height at which a missed approach must be ini
29、tiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach to land has not been established. 13230 entry point The point at which an aircraft entering a control zone crosses the boundary. 13231 final approach The part of an approach from the time the aircraft has completed the last turn into l
30、anding, or has crossed a specified position, to the point where a landing can be made. 13232 final-approach altitude The altitude at which to begin the final approach. 13233 final-approach procedure The part of the approach procedure beginning when the aircraft reaches the axis of the runway in use,
31、 either heading towards the runway to land directly, or heading for the reciprocal of the runway or to complete the final procedure turn, and ending either upon landing or when missed-approach action is taken. 13234 flight levels (FL) Surfaces of constant atmospheric pressure which are related to th
32、e pressure datum1013.2mbar and are separated by specific pressure intervals. 13235 glide path A descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach. 13236 holding facility An identifiable point, in the vicinity of which an aircraft in flight is instructed to remain. 13237 holdin
33、g pattern HOLDING TRACK The flight track an aircraft is directed to follow at a holding point.BS185-13:1972 4 BSI 11-1999 No. Term Definition 13238 IFR Abbreviation for “instrument flight rules”. 13239 IFR flight A flight conducted in accordance with IFR. 13240 initial approach That part of an appro
34、ach procedure consisting of first approach to the first navigation facility associated with the procedure, or to a predetermined position. 13241 instrument approach The technique of making an approach on a predetermined path defined by a radio or radar navigational aid system. 13242 instrument meteo
35、rological conditions (IMC) Conditions of visibility and of vertical and horizontal distance from cloud less than the minima specified for VMC(13267) by the country concerned. 13243 intermediate approach That part of an approach procedure from the first arrival at the first navigation facility or pre
36、determined position to the beginning of the final approach. 13244 lateral separation The lateral spacing of aircraft at or about the same flight level. 13245 let down The part of an intermediate procedure, between the end of the initial approach and the beginning of the final-approach procedure, dur
37、ing which an aircraft cleared to begin its final-approach procedure is descending from its initial approach altitude to the height at which final-approach procedure begins. 13246 longitudinal separation The longitudinal spacing of aircraft at or about the same flight level by a minimum interval of t
38、ime. 13247 minimum flight altitude The lowest safe altitude at which aircraft may operate on instruments. 13248 missed-approach procedure The procedure to be followed when an aircraft cannot complete final approach. 13249 night The hours between sunset and sunrise or such other period between sunset
39、 and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority. 13250 obstacle clearance limits (OCL) The height above aerodrome or touch down elevation for a given runway direction and instrument approach aid, below which the minimum specified vertical clearance above fixed obstacles cannot be main
40、tained either on an approach or in the event of a missed approach. 13251 procedure turn right (left) A manoeuvre in which a turn through45 to the right (left) is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction, such that the aircraft intercepts and proceeds along the r
41、eciprocal of that designated track. 13252 quadrantal rule A rule by which aircraft flying on a magnetic track within a particular quadrant shall fly at any one of the series of levels specified for that quadrant. 13253 reciprocal leg The part of a landing procedure during which the aircraft is heade
42、d on the reciprocal of the final approach direction. 13254 reporting point A specified location in relation to which the position of an aircraft is to be reported. 13255 safety height The altitude below which it is hazardous to fly under IMC.BS185-13:1972 BSI 11-1999 5 No. Term Definition 13256 stac
43、k A number of aircraft in the holding pattern at different altitudes or flight levels awaiting their turn to land at an aerodrome. 13257 straight-in-approach The part of a landing procedure during which an aircraft is flown along the axis of the runway in use until the beginning of the final approac
44、h. 13258 transition altitude The altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is determined by reference to altitude. 13259 transition layer The air space between the transition altitude and the transition level. 13260 transition level The lowest flight level available for use abo
45、ve the transition altitude. 13261 VFR Abbreviation for “visual flight rules”. 13262 VFR flight A flight conducted in accordance with VFR. 13263 special VFR flight A flight carried out within a control zone, subject to prior clearance by air-traffic control but not subject to full IFR. 13264 VFR on-t
46、op clearance An aircraft clearance for VFR flight above cloud, haze, smoke or other formation. 13265 vertical separation The vertical spacing of aircraft flying over or near the same point. 13266 visual contact approach An approach under IFR carried out by visual reference to the ground. 13267 visua
47、l meteorological conditions (VMC) Conditions of visibility and of vertical and horizontal distance from cloud equal to, or greater than, the minima specified by the country concerned. C. Radar control 13268 ground-controlled approach(GCA) The technique or procedure for “talking down” an aircraft dur
48、ing its approach, through the use of surveillance and precision radar from the ground. The purpose is to place the aircraft in a position for landing during conditions of bad visibility and low ceiling. 13269 plan position approach (PPIapproach) A special type of surveillance radar approach given by
49、 the radar controller, using the PPI (plan position indicator) only, to assist the aircraft to the runway. 13270 precision approach (PARapproach) A ground-controlled approach when the final approach is carried out on the precision-approach radar(14208). 13271 radar contact The identification of a radar echo on a cathode-ray tube,e.g.aircraft cloud, terrestrial object, radar beacon. 13272 radar control Air-traffic control procedure for controlling and directing aircraft by radar. 13273 radar monitoring An air-traffic control procedure for the monitoring of aircraft by radar,
