1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-7:1969 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 7: Lighter-than-air aircraft (aerostats) UDC 001.4:629.733:533.61/.64BS185-7:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the AerospaceIndustry Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the
2、Executive Board of the Institutionon 31July1969 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/25607 ISBN 0 580 05920 0 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Br
3、itish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has
4、 been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS185-7:1969 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Subsection 71. General 1 Subsection 72. Hull and en
5、velope 3 Subsection 73. Mooring and handling 7ii blankBS185-7:1969 BSI 12-1999 1 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section1.) Subsection 71. General No. Term Definition 7101 airship See 1219. 7102 non-rigid airship See 1220. 7103 rigid airship See 1
6、221. 7104 semi-rigid airship See 1222. 7105 ballast Any substance so carried in a lighter-than-air aircraft as to be dischargeable for trimming or for gaining height. 7106 ballasting-up The operation of adjusting the buoyancy or trim by releasing ballast or gas. 7107 balloon a See 1223. 7108 captive
7、 balloon See 1224. 7109 kite balloon A captive balloon so shaped and trimmed as to derive stability and aerodynamic lift from the relative wind. 7110 ballonnet balloon A kite balloon containing a compartment into which air is force in order to maintain the shape of the balloon, when it is not full o
8、f gas. 7111 barrage balloon A kite balloon, the cable of which may be used to destroy aircraft which come in contact with it. 7112 dilatable balloon EXPANDING BALLOON A kite balloon fitted with rubber cords or other device to control its shape when not full of gas. 7113 free balloon See 1225. 7114 o
9、bservation balloon A balloon fitted with a basket or car to carry observers. heights 7115 equilibrium height The altitude at which, under given conditions, equilibrium is established between the lift and weight of a free balloon or an airship acting as a free balloon. 7116 static ceiling The equilib
10、rium height in standard atmosphere under design conditions. 7117 pressure height The altitude in standard atmosphere at which, for a given fullness at sea level, the envelope or gas bag will reach a predetermined superpressure. 7118 leakage The loss of gas from an envelope or gas bag, from diffusion
11、, effusion, transpiration or escape into the air through the neck of the balloon. 7119 diffusion The movement of a gas by which adjacent layers tend towards uniformity of composition, applied not only to contiguous layers but also to those separated by a permeable partition in which the discontinuit
12、ies have diameters so small that the transfer of gas is proportional to the concentration difference. 7120 effusion The flow of gas through holes which are sufficiently large for the velocity to be approximately proportional to the square root of the pressure difference. 7121 leak detector An instru
13、ment which detects the presence in air of gases which have a substantially different density from that of air. It can be adapted to find leaks in an envelope or gas bag. a For instrument-carrying balloons see Section 15. Meteorology.BS185-7:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 7122 permeability The rate of the diffus
14、ion of gas through unit area of material under specified conditions. 7123 transpiration The flow of gas through passages long in comparison with their diameter, the diameter being, however, sufficiently large for the rate of transfer to be determined chiefly by the viscosity of the gas and to be app
15、roximately proportional to the pressure difference. lifts 7124 dynamic lift The aerodynamic lift due to the movement of the air relative to a lighter-than-air aircraft. 7125 false lift The additional lift caused by positive superheat. 7126 gross lift The buoyancy in standard atmosphere at sea level
16、under standard conditions of purity of gas and fullness. 7127 centre of gross lift The centre of gravity of the air displaced by the gas in a lighter-than-air aircraft under standard conditions of gross lift. 7128 disposable lift The gross lift less the fixed weight. 7129 net lift The gross lift les
17、s the disposable and fixed weights of a lighter-than-air aircraft. In a captive balloon, it is equal to the cable tension at the top of the flying cable. 7130 static lift The difference between the weight of the air displaced by a lighter-than-air aircraft at rest and that of the gas contained there
18、in. 7131 oxygen meter An instrument indicating the proportion by volume of oxygen in the gas in a balloon or airship. 7132 porosity meter An instrument for measuring the porosity of fabric. 7133 purity The percentage of lifting gas in a given volume. 7134 purity meter An instrument for measuring the
19、 proportion by volume of the lifting gas present in the gas in a lighter-than-air aircraft. 7135 superheat The difference between the temperature of the gas in the envelope or gas bags and that of the surrounding air. If the gas temperature is the higher, the superheat is positive. 7136 superpressur
20、e The amount by which the gas pressure at a specified point in an envelope or gas bag exceeds the pressure in the surrounding air at the same height. 7137 topping-up The replenishment of a lighter-than-air aircraft with gas. 7138 trim The condition of static balance in pitch. 7139 trim, to To adjust
21、 the angle of pitch. volumes 7140 air volume The volume of air that would be displaced by a solid body of the same form and size as the outer cover or envelope of a lighter-than-air aircraft. NOTEThis is the volume used in aerodynamic calculations. 7141 gas volume The volume of the contained gas und
22、er standard conditions. NOTEThis is the volume used in aerostatic calculations. 7142 water recovery The collection of water from the exhaust gas for ballast. weights 7143 dischargeable weight The total weight which can be discharged in an emergency. 7144 disposable weight All weight other than fixed
23、 weight. No. Term DefinitionBS185-7:1969 BSI 12-1999 3 Subsection 72. Hull and envelope 7145 fixed weight The weight of a lighter-than-air aircraft complete in flying order without fuel, oil, dischargeable weight or pay load. A. General 7201 air scoop A scoop through which air is forced into ballonn
24、ets or stabilizers by the relative wind. 7202 ballonnet A compartment within the envelope into which air can be blown, to compensate for the changes in volume in the gas contained in the envelope, to maintain the required superpressure or to alter trim. 7203 basket A structure, usually of wicker, su
25、spended from the envelope of a balloon for carrying crew, ballast, etc. 7204 blower pipe A scoop through which air is forced into ballonnets by the slipstream of the propeller. 7205 booster A device for increasing the superpressure of a kite balloon above that normally attained by means of an air sc
26、oop. 7206 bow cap NOSE CAP A structure forming the extreme forward end of the envelope or hull. 7207 bow stiffeners NOSE STIFFENERS Short longitudinal members arranged radially round the bow of a kite balloon or non-rigid or semi-rigid airship to stiffen the envelope locally against aerodynamic pres
27、sure. 7208 car The structure in, or suspended below, the hull or envelope of an airship or kite balloon for carrying crew, engines, passengers, etc. 7209 control car The car from which an airship is operated. 7210 engine car A car, or portion of a car, wholly devoted to propulsive machinery. 7211 wi
28、ng car A car suspended off the centre line of an airship. 7212 climbing shaft A shaft leading up through the interior of an airship to give access to the top of the hull or envelope. 7213 diaphragm A fabric partition within a lighter-than-air aircraft, which may be gastight to provide separate compa
29、rtments (e.g.ballonnet diaphragm) or non-gastight to maintain shape (e.g. stabilizer diaphragm). 7214 drip flap A strip of fabric secured by one edge to the envelope or outer cover to deflect rain from the surface below it. 7215 elevator A movable surface for controlling the motion of an airship in
30、pitch. 7216 envelope 1. The gas-containing unit of a balloon or non-rigid or semi-rigid airship. 2. The outer cover of an airship in which the gas-containing units are surrounded by a layer of air or inert gas. fabrics 7217 gore A shaped section of an envelope or gas bag. 7218 panel A sub-division o
31、f a gore. 7219 multi-ply fabric Fabric formed of more than one ply. 7220 biassed fabric A multi-ply fabric with one or more of the plies so cut that the warp threads lie at an angle to the length. No. Term DefinitionBS185-7:1969 4 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 7221 parallel fabric A multi-ply fabr
32、ic with the warp threads of all the plies parallel. 7222 proofing The treatment of fabric to render it gastight or weather-resisting. 7223 fin(s) 1. A fixed surface outside the envelope or outer cover of a lighter-than-air aircraft providing aerodynamic stability. (Cf. 7270.) 2. Those parts of the s
33、tabilizers of a kite balloon providing stability in pitch and yew. 7224 fin carrier A frame laced to channel patches on the envelope of a non-rigid or semi-rigid airship to distribute the forces from a fin. 7225 gas bag A gas-containing unit of a rigid airship. 7226 gas main A fabric hose running th
34、rough the length of a rigid airship having branches to the gas bags for inflation. 7227 gas trunk A duct between a gas-bag valve and a gas hood. girders 7228 axial girder A girder along the axis of a rigid airship connecting the central fitting of each braced transverse frame and secured to the hull
35、 structure fore and aft. (See also 7281.) 7229 cruciform girder A cruciform structure with its arms vertical and horizontal, taking the forces from the rudder and elevator pintles and supporting the stabilizing fins. 7230 longitudinal A girder on the outside of the hull structure running fore and af
36、t. 7231 bay longitudinal That portion of a longitudinal between adjacent transverse frames. 7232 frame longitudinal That portion of a longitudinal in the way of a transverse frame forming a component member thereof. 7233 intermediate longitudinal A light auxiliary longitudinal, intermediate between
37、main longitudinals. 7234 main longitudinal A longitudinal forming an essential structural member of a rigid airship. 7235 hull The structural framework of a rigid airship. 7236 inspection port An opening covered with a transparent disc to facilitate inspection of the interior of an envelope or gas b
38、ag. 7237 keel 1. An internal or external framework along the underside of the hull of a rigid airship, forming an integral part of the structure as a means of distributing the effect of the concentrated loads along the hull. 2. A rigid or articulated member along the underside of a semi-rigid airshi
39、p envelope. 7238 load ring HOOP A ring to which the basket suspensions and the net of a free balloon are secured. 7239 neck A tube at the bottom of a balloon for the automatic discharge of gas in flight and for use in inflation and deflation. nets 7240 free-balloon net A net over the envelope of a f
40、ree balloon, from which the basket is suspended. 7241 gas-bag net A net of cordage or wire to retain a gas bag in position.BS185-7:1969 BSI 12-1999 5 No. Term Definition 7242 inflation net A net of cordage used to hold down an envelope during inflation. 7243 outer cover The external covering of the
41、hull of a rigid airship. patches 7244 all-directional patch A circular patch designed to take pull in any direction. 7245 channel patch A channel shaped fabric fitting secured to the envelope to enable a rigid member to be laced thereto. 7246 eta patch A fan-shaped patch of fabric and webbing secure
42、d to the envelope. 7247 rigging patch A patch connecting the rigging to the envelope of a balloon. 7248 split patch A patch used for reinforcing the ends of fabric attachments, e.g. the leading edge of an air scoop, to the envelope. 7249 petticoat A sleeve so pleated as to leave a clear passage when
43、 collapsed. 7250 valve petticoat A petticoat between the valve and gas container, making it possible to tie off the petticoat and to change valves without loss of gas. 7251 rigging The system of wires or cords and their attachments, by which the dead weight, or the main cable tension, is distributed
44、 over the hull or envelope. 7252 anti-rolling wire A wire to prevent rolling of any component relative to the hull or envelope. 7253 balloon flying cable The rope connecting a captive or kite balloon to the winch. 7254 cross-over attachment A circular drum or pulley fitted to the metallic vee of a b
45、alloon rigging to carry the main flying cable, while relieving the load on the cable clamps or splice. 7255 drag wire A wire led forward from a car or other unit to the hull or envelope to transmit drag. 7256 flying rigging WINCH SUSPENSION The system of rigging between a kite balloon and the flying
46、 cable. 7257 jackstay A wire provided to maintain the correct spacing between component parts of a rigging system. 7258 metallic vee The lowest legs of a kite balloon rigging brought to a single point to which the balloon flying cable is attached. 7259 point of attachment The point where the rigging
47、 is attached to the flying cable. 7260 rigging band A reinforced band secured to the envelope for the attachment of the rigging. 7261 running rigging A system of rigging which automatically adjusts itself to a change of direction of pull. 7262 thrust wire A wire led aft from an engine car to the hul
48、l or envelope to transmit thrust. 7263 trajectory band A band of webbing carried over the upper surface of an envelope to reduce deformation under load. 7264 trapeze bar 1. A transverse horizontal bar, immediately above the basket of a kite balloon, to the ends of which the port and starboard riggin
49、g are led, so arranged that the basket can move freely in pitch, but not in roll, relative to the balloon. 2. A bar on an airship for the attachment or release of heavier-than-air aircraft. 7265 valve rigging The rigging, usually inside a gas bag or envelope, by means of which an automatic valve is operated.BS185-7:1969 6 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 7266 rip cord A cord for tearing open the rip panel. 7267 rip link A device for ripping a captive balloon automatically on break-away. 7268 rip panel A strip which can be readily ripped off or torn open for rapid deflation in
