1、BSI Standards PublicationTesting concrete Part 124: Methods for analysis of hardened concreteBS 1881-124:2015BS 1881-124:2015 BRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. The British Standards Ins
2、titution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77921 3ICS 91.100.30The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/517/1 Draft for comment 13/30258710 DCPublication historyFirst published November 1988Second (present) edition August 2015A
3、mendments issued since publicationDate Text affected The British Standards Institution 2015 iBS 1881-124:2015BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Sampling 15 Treatment of samples 36 Cement and aggregate content 57 Alternative method for aggr
4、egate content based on insoluble residue values 178 Aggregate grading 189 Original water content 2010 Type of cement 2511 Type of aggregate 2812 Other constituents 2913 Report 33AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Precision 34Annex B (informative) Typical analyses of types of cement currently available in
5、the UK 35Annex C (informative) Mineral phase compositions of different types of cement 35Bibliography 36List of figuresFigure 1 Typical apparatus for determination of carbon dioxide content 9Figure 2 Typical apparatus for determination of content of sulfur as sulfide 10Figure 3 Typical apparatus for
6、 determination of water combined content 22List of tablesTable A.1 Precision estimates 34Table B.1 Typical analyses of types of cement currently available in the UK 35Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 36, an inside back cover and
7、a back cover.BS 1881-124:2015 BRITISH STANDARDii The British Standards Institution 2015This page deliberately left blank The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiBS 1881-124:2015BRITISH STANDARDForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 1881 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence f
8、rom The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 August 2015. It was prepared by Subcommittee B/517/1, Concrete production and testing, under the authority of Technical Committee B/517, Concrete and related products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtai
9、ned on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 1881124:1988, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentIn 2012, in cooperation with eleven UKASaccredited testing laboratories, the Concrete Society Working Group undertook two roundrobin trials using the BS 188
10、1124:1988 1)analysis methods for cement content, chloride content, sulfate content, alkali content and original water content based on the laboratories accredited methods. The tested samples included hardened concrete made with CEM I only and concrete containing CEM I with GGBS or fly ash. The repea
11、tability and reproducibility were significantly poorer than in a 1983 exercise and the Concrete Society Working Group recommended that the methods could continue to be used, but in full knowledge of the potential levels of inaccuracy. The findings of the 2012 roundrobin trials are summarized in Conc
12、rete Society Technical Report 32 (second edition), Analysis of hardened concrete: A guide to tests, procedures and interpretation of results 1.Relationship with other publicationsThe BS 1881 series contains test methods for concrete currently used in the United Kingdom which are not covered by BS EN
13、 12350, BS EN 12390 and BS EN 12504. Reference is made to the relevant part of BS EN 12350, BS EN 12390 and BS EN 12504 where appropriate. These test methods may be used in conjunction with BS EN 206. BS 1881, Testing concrete, is published in the following parts: BS 1881113, Method for making and c
14、uring nofines test cubes; BS 1881119, Method for determination of compressive strength using portions of beams broken in flexure (equivalent cube method); BS 1881122, Method for determination of water absorption; BS 1881124, Methods for analysis of hardened concrete; BS 1881125, Methods for mixing a
15、nd sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory; BS 1881129, Method for the determination of density of partially compacted semidry fresh concrete; BS 1881130, Method for temperaturematched curing of concrete specimens; BS 1881131, Methods for testing cement in a reference concrete; BS 1881204, Recomme
16、ndations on the use of electromagnetic covermeters; BS 1881206, Recommendations for determination of strain in concrete; BS 1881207, Recommendations for the assessment of concrete strength by neartosurface tests;1)This has been superseded by this British Standard.BS 1881-124:2015iv The British Stand
17、ards Institution 2015BRITISH STANDARD BS 1881208, Recommendations for the determination of the initial surface absorption of concrete; BS 1881209, Recommendations for the measurement of dynamic modulus of elasticity; BS 1881210, Determination of the potential carbonation resistance of concrete Accel
18、erated carbonation methodHazard warningsWARNING. Where skin is in contact with fresh concrete, skin irritations are likely to occur owing to the alkaline nature of cement. The abrasive effects of sand and aggregate in the concrete can aggravate the condition. Potential effects range from dry skin an
19、d irritant contact dermatitis, to severe burns in cases of prolonged exposure. Take precautions to avoid dry cement entering the eyes, mouth and nose when mixing mortar or concrete by wearing suitable protective clothing. Take care to prevent fresh concrete from entering boots and use working method
20、s that do not require personnel to kneel in fresh concrete. Unlike heat burns, cement burns might not be felt until sometime after contact with fresh concrete, so there might be no warning of damage occurring. If cement or concrete enters the eye, immediately wash it out thoroughly with clean water
21、and seek medical treatment without delay. Wash wet concrete off the skin immediately. Barrier creams may be used to supplement protective clothing but are not an alternative means of protection.Use of this documentIt has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of
22、its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its methods are expressed as a set of instructions, a description, or in senten
23、ces in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
24、 of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. The British Standards Institution 2015 1BS 1881-124:2015BRITISH STANDARD1 ScopeThis part of BS 1881 describes sampling procedures, treatment of samples
25、and analytical methods to determine the cement content, aggregate content, aggregate grading, original water content, type of cement, type of aggregate, chloride content, sulfate content and alkali content of a sample of concrete.The procedures are applicable to concretes made with CEM I cements and
26、, in favourable circumstances, concretes containing ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS).This part of BS 1881 does not cover the analysis of concretes made with other cements and the determination of fly ash content.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normat
27、ively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 4101 (ISO 33101), Test sieves Technical requirements and test
28、ing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire clothBS 8500 (all parts), Concrete Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206 BS EN 1962:2013, Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cementBS EN 1967, Methods of testing cement Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cementBS EN 206,
29、 Concrete Specification, performance, production and conformityBS EN 4501, Fly ash for concrete Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteriaBS EN 9321, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods for samplingBS EN 9342, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: C
30、oncrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labellingBS EN 123907, Testing hardened concrete Part 7: Density of hardened concreteBS EN 132631, Silica fume for concrete Part 1: Definitions, requirements and conformity criteriaBS EN 151671, Ground granulated blast furnace sla
31、g for use in concrete, mortar and grout Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteriaBS EN ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware Onemark volumetric flasksBS ISO 33102, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate3 Terms and definitionsFor the pu
32、rposes of this part of BS 1881, the terms and definitions given in BS 8500 (all parts) and BS EN 206 apply.4 SamplingCOMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 4 The tests in this part of BS 1881 are usually applied only when there is some uncertainty about the quality of the concrete (for example, the average quality of
33、 a mass of BS 1881-124:20152 The British Standards Institution 2015BRITISH STANDARDconcrete or the quality of a particular part of this mass might be in question). The size of the mass can vary greatly and the sampling techniques necessary to provide information on the quality of a concrete are dete
34、rmined by the form of the concrete (for example, the requirements for a concrete retaining wall and for a concrete backing to a decorative panel can be quite different). For these reasons it is extremely difficult to specify how a sample should be taken and no requirements can be given.No sample sho
35、uld be taken for testing without agreement between the interested parties about the method of taking the sample and the quantity of material that is considered to be represented by the sample (see 4.2).4.1 Selection of sampleWhen selecting a concrete sample ensure that:a) the minimum linear dimensio
36、n of the sample is at least five times that of the nominal maximum aggregate size;b) the sample is in a single piece and has no evidence of fracture cracking apparent, if original water content is to be determined;c) the mass is not less than 1 kg in any case, not less than 2 kg if the original wate
37、r content is to be determined, and not less than 4 kg if aggregate grading is to be determined;NOTE The minimum mass of the sample is determined by testing requirements.d) foreign matter and reinforcements are avoided unless they are subject to test; e) the sample is indelibly labelled with full par
38、ticulars, including the date, exact position from which the sample was taken, the method of sampling and any other relevant information; andf) the sample is sealed or tied securely into a heavyduty polyethylene bag.4.2 Number of samplesWhen information about the composition of concrete with a volume
39、 of up to 6 m3is required, take not less than 2 (preferably 4) representative and independent samples and analyse them separately.When very large volumes of concrete or large numbers of concrete units are to be examined, take not less than 10 independent samples and analyse them separately.NOTE The
40、results can then be used to identify locations requiring more extensive investigation.4.3 Additional materialCOMMENTARY ON 4.3 In addition to the concrete samples, information on the composition of all the constituent materials improves the accuracy of the test results.Where they are available, take
41、 representative samples of all the constituents of the concrete used in accordance with the relevant British Standard (i.e. aggregates BS EN 9321; cement BS EN 1967; GGBS BS EN 151671; fly ash BS EN 4501; silica fume BS EN 132631; admixture BS EN 9342).Enclose the samples in heavyduty polyethylene b
42、ags that are clearly labelled and sealed or tied securely.Where such samples are not available, provide any information on the source and nature of these materials that might be useful to the test(s) being carried out, such as acidsoluble material content in aggregates; soluble silica and calcium ox
43、ide contents in cement, aggregates and additions. The British Standards Institution 2015 3BS 1881-124:2015BRITISH STANDARD4.4 Documentation of samplingWith each sample provide a document signed by the person responsible for taking it, stating that sampling was carried out in accordance with this par
44、t of BS 1881 2)and including the following information:a) the date and time of sampling; b) a description of the structure or component under investigation;c) the location of the positions from which the concrete samples were taken;d) the method of sampling;e) details of the concrete, in particular
45、its age, where known;f) the identification of the samples (including orientation, see 5.3);g) the name of the sampler; andh) the signature of the person responsible for sampling.5 Treatment of samples5.1 Apparatus5.1.1 Ventilated oven, controlled to maintain a temperature of (105 5) C.5.1.2 Crushing
46、 and grinding equipment.NOTE Jaw crushers, hammer mills, disc grinders, gyratory mills and mechanical or handoperated mortars and pestles are examples of suitable equipment.5.1.3 125 m test sieve, conforming to BS 4101 (ISO 33101) or BS ISO 33102, complete with the appropriate size of lid and receiv
47、er.NOTE Similar test sieves with apertures of 4.0 mm, 2.0 mm and 500 m are also required if mechanical crushing and grinding is not used (see 5.5.2).5.1.4 Permanent bar magnet.5.1.5 Airtight bottles, made of glass or plastics and with a capacity of 100 mL to 500 mL.5.1.6 Saw, fitted with a diamond o
48、r carborundum blade, when original water content is to be measured.5.1.7 Device for sample reduction, e.g. a riffle box.5.2 Density5.2.1 When the content of constituents, determined as a percentage by mass of the ovendried (105 C) concrete, is to be converted to kg/m3of concrete, measure the ovendri
49、ed (105 C) density of a single sound piece of concrete before starting any work involving breakdown of the concrete samples.5.2.2 Determine the volume (V3) of the sample by water displacement and its ovendried density (9) in accordance with BS EN 123907.2)Marking BS 1881124 on or in relation to a sample represents a declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the person responsible for sampling that the sampling meets the requireme
