1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 2000-10:2011Methods of test forpetroleum and its productsPart 10: Determination ofkerosine burning characteristics24-hour method(Identical with IP 10/11)Licensed Copy: Wang Bi
2、n, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71855 7ICS 75.160.20The following BSI references relate to the work
3、on this standard:Committee reference PTI/13Publication historyFirst published March 1982Second edition, February 1993Third edition, March 1995Fourth (present) edition, July 2011Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 2000-10:2011 BRITISH STANDARDLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE
4、CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative 13 Terms and definitions 14 Principle 15 Reagents 16 Apparatus 27 Sample preparation 38 Apparatus preparation 39 Procedure 410 Calculation 611 Expression of results 612 Precision 713 Test report 7Ann
5、exesAnnex A (normative) Specification for wicks 8Annex B (normative) Alternative lamp design 8Bibliography 10List of figuresFigure 1 Lamp 2Figure 2 Front view of the wick 4Figure 3 Side view of wick 5Figure 4 Shape and size of flame 5Figure B.1 Alternative lamp 9List of tablesTable 1 Repeatability 7
6、Table 2 Reproducibility 7Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 2000-10:2011 BSI 2011 iLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled C
7、opy, (c) BSIForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 July 2011. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing andterminology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.S
8、upersessionThis part of BS 2000 supersedes BS 2000-10:1995, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis new edition has been updated to be in line with changes implemented bythe Energy Institute.BS 2000 comprises a series of test methods for petroleum and its products thatare published by
9、 the Institute of Petroleum (IP) and have been accorded thestatus of a British Standard. Each method should be read in conjunction with thepreliminary pages of “Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of PetroleumProducts and British Standard 2000 Parts” which gives details of the BSI/IPagreement
10、for publication of the series, provides general information on safetyprecautions, sampling and other matters, and lists the methods published asparts of BS 2000.Under the terms of the agreement between BSI and the Institute of Petroleum,the revised version of BS 2000-10 will be published by BSI and
11、by the IP (in“Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum Products and BritishStandard 2000 Parts” and as a separated publication). The numbering of theparts of BS 2000 follows that of the corresponding IP methods. BS 2000-10:2011is thus identical with IP 10/11.WARNING. This part of BS 20
12、00 calls for the use of substances and/orprocedures that can be injurious to health if adequate precautions are nottaken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the userfrom legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage.It has been assumed in the preparation of t
13、his part of BS 2000 that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsmethods are expressed as a set of in
14、structions, a description, or in sentences inwhich the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to
15、 include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 2000-10:2011ii BSI 2011Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Unc
16、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1 ScopeThis document specifies a method of test to assist in the evaluation of theburning properties of kerosine used for illumination and/or heating purposes.NOTE 1 Precision values are only available for char values in the range 0 mg/kg to30 mg/kg.NOTE 2 For the purposes of
17、this standard, the terms 9% (m/m)9 and 9% (V/V)9 areused to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.WARNING. This part of BS 2000 calls for the use of substances and/orprocedures that can be injurious to health if adequate precautions are nottaken. It refers only to technica
18、l suitability and does not absolve the userfrom legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage.2 NormativeThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.BS 2000-0.2, Methods of test for petr
19、oleum and its products Part 0, Section 0.2:Specifications for IP standard reference liquids (Identical with IP Appendix B)BS EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and testmethods3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following definition applies.3
20、.1 charthe blackened carbonized portion of the wick remaining when kerosine isburned under specified conditions4 PrincipleA sample of kerosine is burned in a test lamp, under specified conditions, for 24h. At the end of this period, the mass of kerosine burned and the mass of charformed on the wick
21、are measured. Provision is made for the reporting of aqualitative assessment of the appearance of the glass chimney on thecompletion of the test.5 Reagents5.1 Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and water conforming tothe requirements of grade 3 of BS EN ISO 3696:1995.5.2 Denatured etha
22、nol5.3 Petroleum spirit, 60/80, conforming to BS 2000-0.2:1996, Appendix B or anequivalent solvent, where necessary.5.4 Water, unless otherwise specified, meeting the requirements for grade 3 ofBS EN ISO 3696:1995.5.5 Hydrochloric acid, concentrated.5.6 Dilute hydrochloric acid (1:1), prepared by mi
23、xing one volume ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid (5.3) with one volume of water (5.4).BRITISH STANDARD BS 2000-10:2011 BSI 2011 1Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI6 Apparatus6.1 Lamp, conforming to the shape and dimensions shown in Fig
24、ure 1 orAnnex B. Ensure that the burner fits vertically into the oil reservoir, and that thewick-guide has parallel sides and is centrally disposed in relation to the slot inthe dome of the burner.6.2 Wick, conforming to the specification given in Annex A.6.3 Draught shield (if necessary), approxima
25、tely 600 mm in diameter and tallenough to protect the lamp from all draughts.6.4 Soxhlet apparatus6.5 Filter paper (qualitative), with a retention porosity of approximately 25 m.Figure 1 LampDimensions shown in millimetres.NOTE 1 Any distortion of the wick-guide or dome makes the production of the n
26、ecessary flame shape difficult,and renders subsequent char values unreliable.NOTE 2 Except where otherwise stated, the tolerance on the chimney dimensions shall preferably be 1 mm.BRITISH STANDARDBS 2000-10:20112 BSI 2011Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncont
27、rolled Copy, (c) BSINOTE Whatman grade 4 has been found to be suitable.6.6 Oven, capable of being maintained at (105 5) C.6.7 Watch glass, approximately 100 mm in diameter.6.8 Flat glass sheet, approximately 150 mm square (two pieces).6.9 Brush, with short, stiff bristles.6.10 Beaker, glass, 100 mL
28、capacity.6.11 Balance, sensitivity 0.1 mg.6.12 Balance, top loading with a capacity of 3 kg, sensitivity 1 g.6.13 Bottle brush6.14 Metal forceps6.15 Sight gauge, a suitable flame-measuring device.7 Sample preparationFilter approximately1Lofsample through a filter paper (6.5).8 Apparatus preparation8
29、.1 Wicks8.1.1 Prior to use, wicks shall be extracted in the following manner.8.1.2 Put a number of wicks into a well lagged Soxhlet apparatus in such amanner as to prevent distortion, and extract them with boiling water (5.4)for 3 h from the end of the first siphoning cycle.8.1.3 Remove the wicks fr
30、om the apparatus, lay them flat between sheets offilter paper and press them gently to remove excess moisture.8.1.4 Extract them with denatured ethanol (5.2)for3hinanunlaggedSoxhlet.8.1.5 Drain the denatured ethanol as completely as possible from theextractor, and then extract the wicks for 1 h with
31、 petroleum spirit (5.3).8.1.6 Air dry the extracted wicks, and store in a glass jar.8.2 Lamp8.2.1 Clean thoroughly the lamp burner, removing completely any depositfrom the wick guide, air holes, and ducts.8.2.2 Drain the reservoir free from any previous sample.8.3 Chimney8.3.1 Soak new chimneys in h
32、ydrochloric acid (5.6) for 24 h. Rinse with tapwater and clean using a bottle brush. Rinse with water (5.4) and dry in theoven (6.6) at 105 C. Subject new chimneys to three preliminary 24 h burningperiods.BRITISH STANDARD BS 2000-10:2011 BSI 2011 3Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARD
33、S, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI8.3.2 Before carrying out a test, clean chimneys with detergent and tapwater. Rinse thoroughly with water (5.4) and dry at 105 C. Allow to cool toroom temperature before use.9 Procedure9.1 Dry the wick for1hintheoven (6.6) at 105 C, and soak it in the s
34、amplewhile still hot. Fit into the wick-guide.9.2 Rinse out the lamp reservoir with filtered sample. Fill the reservoir with (90010) ml of filtered sample. Assemble the lamp.9.3 Hinge back the dome and chimney and trim the wick as follows, using sharpscissors:a) Cut the wick level with the wick guid
35、e.b) Raise the wick approximately 20 mm, cut off triangular portions as shown inFigure 2 and round off any sharp corners.c) Trim off any ragged projections from the top edge of the wick by bevellingthem slightly to give the result shown in Figure 3.Figure 2 Front view of the wickDimensions shown in
36、millimetres.BRITISH STANDARDBS 2000-10:20114 BSI 2011Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI9.4 Weigh the lamp (without the chimney), and record the mass, S0, to thenearest 1 g.9.5 Place the lamp in a well ventilated room, surrounded by a d
37、raught shield(6.3), if necessary. The temperature of the room and of the oil under test shallbe above 15.5 C throughout the test. Place lamps with their centres at least 300mm apart and 300 mm away from a wall or other equipment.If required, record the maximum and minimum temperatures, and theatmosp
38、heric conditions (humid, foggy, etc.) during the test.9.6 Light the lamp, and place the chimney in position. Allow the flame tostabilize, and then adjust the wick to give a flame of the dimensions shown inFigure 4, to a tolerance of 1.5 mm. If it is not possible to adjust the flame tothe correct dim
39、ensions, extinguish the flame by turning down the wick, andretrim in accordance with 9.3. Repeat until the correct flame is obtained.NOTE It is not necessary to reweigh the lamp unless it has burned for more than 30min during the trimming process.Measure the flame with a gauge (6.15) placed approxim
40、ately 150 mm from theflame.9.7 Allow the lamp to burn for 1 h, and readjust the wick, if necessary.Figure 3 Side view of wickDimensions shown in millimetres.Figure 4 Shape and size of flameDimensions shown in millimetres.BRITISH STANDARD BS 2000-10:2011 BSI 2011 5Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANG
41、E CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI9.8 Allow the lamp to burn for a further 23 h 15 min without furtheradjustment. Extinguish the flame and remove the chimney. Record the conditionof the chimney by taking note of the predominating colour, and the generalappearance of the
42、bloom, as follows:a) predominating colour - brown, greyish-brown or grey;b) general appearance - normal or abnormal.Reweigh the lamp and record the mass, S1, to the nearest gram.NOTE The consumption during the test is typically 20 g/h.9.9 Open the lamp, and turn up the wick. Remove the top section o
43、f the wick bymaking a cut approximately 13 mm below the charred section and place it in a100 ml beaker (6.10), together with any pieces of char which have becomedetached.9.10 Scrape off carefully any char adhering to the wick guide, and add to thebeaker.9.11 Wash the contents of the beaker free from
44、 kerosine, using a wash anddecantation technique with petroleum spirit (5.3).9.12 Place the beaker and its contents in an oven (6.6) and dry at 105 C for 30min.9.13 Clean, dry and weigh a watch glass (6.7). Record the mass, M0, to thenearest 0.1 mg.9.14 Place the glass sheets (6.8) on a sheet of whi
45、te paper, in a draught-freeenvironment, and remove the char from the wick by breaking the structure andgently scraping along and across the wick with metal forceps (6.14). Remove anddiscard any pieces of thread from the char, and transfer any coarse char to thewatch glass (6.7).9.15 Remove the fine,
46、 fluffy fibre as completely as possible by moving themixture from one glass plate to another, and by collecting the fibre on a brush(6.9). Take great care not to remove char at the same time.9.16 Transfer the remaining char and inseparable fibre to the watch glass,together with any char from the bea
47、ker. Reweigh the watch glass and char.Record the mass, M1, to the nearest 0.1 mg.10 CalculationCalculate the char value, C, in mg/kg, using the following equation:C5(M12M0d103sS02S1dwhere:M0is the mass of the watch glass, in mg;M1is the mass of the watch glass and char, in mg;S0is the mass of the la
48、mp (without chimney) and contents before lighting, in g;S1is the mass of the lamp (without chimney) and contents after burning, in g.11 Expression of resultsReport the char value, C, to the nearest 1 mg/kg, and the condition of thechimney, if required.BRITISH STANDARDBS 2000-10:20116 BSI 2011License
49、d Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 03/11/2011 07:20, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI12 Precision12.1 The precision of the method, as derived from statistical analysis byBS 2000-367 of interlaboratory test results, is given in 12.2 and 12.3.12.2 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test results, obtained by the same operator withthe same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the value given in Table 1 in on
